Anti-Inflammatory Effect of 3-O-[(6'-O-Palmitoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl Sitosterol] from Agave angustifolia on Ear Edema in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemical Analysis
1a | --- | S1 | Ac |
2 | --- | Glc | --- |
2.2. Effect of A. angustifolia on 12-Ortho-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate (TPA)-Induced Mouse Ear Edema Assay
2.3. Effect of A. angustifolia on the Concentration of Cytokines from Mouse Ear
Treatment | Concentration (mg/ear) | IL-1β | IL-4 | IL-6 | IL-10 | TNF-α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TPA | 0.00025 | 14.4 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 12.4 ± 0.6 |
DEX | 0.1 | 5.1 ± 1.1 * | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 * | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.4 * |
AaAc | 0.05 | 10.4 ± 1.2 * | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 7.1 ± 0.6 * | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 10.9 ± 1.9 |
0.10 | 9.7 ± 1.5 * | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 6.9 ± 0.6 * | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 10.3 ± 1.8 | |
0.20 | 9.4 ± 1.2 * | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 1.0 * | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 8.8 ± 1.1 * | |
0.40 | 8.9 ± 1.4 * | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.9 * | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 8.6 ± 1.5 * | |
0.80 | 8.3 ± 1.6 * | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.5 * | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 8.4 ± 1.1 * | |
AaF13 | 0.05 | 13.9 ± 1.8 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 6.0 ± 0.5 * | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 10.8 ± 1.6 * |
0.10 | 12.2 ± 1.4 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 5.1 ± 0.7 * | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 2.3 * | |
0.20 | 11.1 ± 1.0 * | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.9 * | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 8.3 ± 1.7 * | |
0.40 | 9.1 ± 1.3 * | 1.6 ± 0.3 * | 3.3 ± 0.6 * | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 6.4 ± 2.9 * | |
0.80 | 8.7 ± 2.3 * | 1.8 ± 0.2 * | 2.8 ± 0.3 * | 1.4 ± 0.1 * | 5.8 ± 1.2 * | |
AaF16 | 0.05 | 13.8 ± 1.6 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 1.4 * | 0. 8 ± 0.3 | 7.5 ± 1.4 * |
0.10 | 10.4 ± 1.5 * | 1.5 ± 0.4 * | 3.1 ± 0.3 * | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 6.5 ± 1.2 * | |
0.20 | 7.6 ± 0.7 * | 2.4 ± 0.4 * | 2.6 ± 0.6 * | 1.6 ± 0.2 * | 4.9 ± 0.9 * | |
0.40 | 4.2 ± 0.6 * | 2.7 ± 0.3 * | 1.4 ± 0.2 * | 2.0 ± 0.2 * | 3.5 ± 0.8 * | |
0.80 | 2.2 ± 0.3 * | 3.8 ± 0.7 * | 0.8 ± 0.7 * | 3.5 ± 0.7 * | 2.1 ± 0.7 * |
2.4. Effect of A. angustifolia on the Cellularity from Ear Edema Induced by TPA
Concetration (mg/ear) | Treatment | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AaAc | ||||||
AaF13 | ||||||
AaF16 | ||||||
BASAL | DEX | VEHICLE | PANEL 10× | |||
AaAc | ||||||
AaF13 | ||||||
AaF16 | ||||||
Controls | BASAL | DEX | VEHICLE | PANEL 40× | ||
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Plant Material
3.2. Animals
3.3. Extraction and Isolation
3.4. 12-Ortho-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate (TPA)-Induced Mouse Ear Edema Assay
3.5. Quantification of Cytokines from Mouse Ear
3.6. Histology
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hernández-Valle, E.; Herrera-Ruiz, M.; Salgado, G.R.; Zamilpa, A.; Ocampo, M.L.A.; Aparicio, A.J.; Tortoriello, J.; Jiménez-Ferrer, E. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of 3-O-[(6'-O-Palmitoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl Sitosterol] from Agave angustifolia on Ear Edema in Mice. Molecules 2014, 19, 15624-15637. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191015624
Hernández-Valle E, Herrera-Ruiz M, Salgado GR, Zamilpa A, Ocampo MLA, Aparicio AJ, Tortoriello J, Jiménez-Ferrer E. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of 3-O-[(6'-O-Palmitoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl Sitosterol] from Agave angustifolia on Ear Edema in Mice. Molecules. 2014; 19(10):15624-15637. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191015624
Chicago/Turabian StyleHernández-Valle, Elizabeth, Maribel Herrera-Ruiz, Gabriela Rosas Salgado, Alejandro Zamilpa, Martha Lucia Arenas Ocampo, Antonio Jiménez Aparicio, Jaime Tortoriello, and Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer. 2014. "Anti-Inflammatory Effect of 3-O-[(6'-O-Palmitoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl Sitosterol] from Agave angustifolia on Ear Edema in Mice" Molecules 19, no. 10: 15624-15637. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191015624