Comparative Studies of the (Anti) Mutagenicity of Baccharis dracunculifolia and Artepillin C by the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Mutagenic Activity
Treatments | Number of revertants (M ± SD)/ plate and MI | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TA 98 | TA 100 | TA 102 | TA 97 | ||||||
µg/plate | − S9 | + S9 | − S9 | + S9 | − S9 | + S9 | − S9 | + S9 | |
Bd-EAE | 0.00 a | 20 ± 2 | 27 ± 6 | 154 ± 10 | 210 ± 14 | 255 ± 11 | 285 ± 24 | 132 ± 7 | 263 ± 7 |
11.4 | 19 ± 1 (0.9) | 26 ± 2 (1.1) | 137 ± 8 (0.8) | 211 ± 3 (0.9) | 282 ± 17 (1.0) | 327 ± 10 (1.1) | 137 ± 11 (0.9) | 280 ± 29 (1.1) | |
22.8 | 21 ± 5 (1.0) | 32 ± 2 (1.4) | 150 ± 11 (0.9) | 210 ± 3 (0.9) | 272 ± 11 (0.9) | 306 ± 6 (1.0) | 132 ± 12 (0.9) | 292 ± 28 (1.1) | |
45.6 | 19 ± 3 (0.9) | 32 ± 5 (1.4) | 150 ± 8 (0.9) | 215 ± 8 (1.0) | 283 ± 11 (1.0) | 304 ± 9 (1.0) | 133 ± 15 (0.9) | 275 ± 21 (1.0) | |
91.4 | 22 ± 3 (1.0) | 30 ± 4 (1.3) | 142 ± 11 (0.9) | 203 ± 8 (0.9) | 234 ± 3 (0.8) | 322 ± 13 (1.1) | 135 ± 6 (0.9) | 255 ± 15 (1.0) | |
182.8 | 21 ± 5 (1.0) | 23 ± 3 (1.0) | 138 ± 13 (0.8) | 200 ± 9 (0.9) | 196 ± 6 (0.7) | 341 ± 13 (1.1) | 91 ± 17 (0.6) | 238 ± 27 (0.9) | |
Ctrol + | 1347 ± 88 b | 1567 ± 115 e | 1582 ± 98 c | 1456 ± 78 e | 1656 ± 60 d | 1932 ± 97 f | 1766.0 ± 49 b | 1789 ± 89 e | |
ArtC | 0.00 a | 20 ± 3 | 30 ± 3 | 152 ± 2 | 164 ± 4 | 216 ± 2 | 216 ± 2 | 150 ± 15 | 155 ± 2 |
0.69 | 21 ± 3 (1.0) | 28 ± 3 (0.9) | 179 ± 4 (1.2) | 171 ± 1 (1.0) | 204 ± 4 (0.9) | 204 ± 4 (0.9) | 207 ± 3 (1.4) | 194 ± 3 (1.2) | |
1.37 | 24 ± 4 (1.2) | 32 ± 1 (1.1) | 174 ± 4 (1.1) | 171 ± 2 (1.0) | 213 ± 3 (1.0) | 213 ± 3 (1.0) | 221 ± 6 (1.5) | 174 ± 1 (1.1) | |
2.75 | 28 ± 5 (1.4) | 29 ± 3 (1.0) | 169 ± 6 (1.1) | 144 ± 2 (0.9) | 187 ± 5 (0.9) | 187 ± 5 (0.9) | 246 ± 5 (1.6) | 175 ± 4 (1.1) | |
5.49 | 29 ± 1 (1.5) | 32 ± 2 (1.1) | 158 ± 7 (1.0) | 153 ± 2 (0.9) | 215 ± 5 (1.0) | 215 ± 5 (1.0) | 207 ± 5 (1.4) | 175 ± 1 (1.1) | |
10.99 | 27 ± 2 (1.3) | 31 ± 1 (1.0) | 153 ± 3 (1.0) | 129 ± 1 (0.8) | 203 ± 6 (0.9) | 203 ± 6 (0.9) | 192 ± 6 (1.3) | 176 ± 3 (1.1) | |
Ctrol + | 842 ± 34 b | 1498 ± 33 e | 2189 ± 73 c | 1072 ± 25 e | 1139 ± 42 d | 1099 ± 27 f | 1106 ± 23 b | 1861 ± 23 e |
2.2. Antimutagenic Activity
3. Discussion
Treatments | Number of revertants (M ± SD)/ plate and % of inhibition | ||||||||
TA 98 | TA 100 | ||||||||
µg/plate | − S9 | % inhibition | + S9 | % inhibition | − S9 | % inhibition | + S9 | % inhibition | |
Bd-EAE | Ctrol + | NOPD | B[a]P | AS | AFB1 | ||||
638 ± 30 | 444 ± 14 | 1115 ± 36 | 2200 ± 140 | ||||||
11.4 | 482 ± 41 | 24 * | 312 ± 9 | 30 ** | 1126 ± 57 | - | 1517 ± 78 | 31 ** | |
22.8 | 453 ± 19 | 29 ** | 247 ± 10 | 44 *** | 1178 ± 61 | - | 1571 ± 86 | 29 ** | |
45.6 | 466 ± 35 | 27 ** | 218 ± 5 | 51 *** | 1152 ± 77 | - | 1467 ± 85 | 33 ** | |
91.4 | 449 ± 10 | 30 ** | 196 ± 4 | 56 *** | 1123 ± 17 | - | 741 ± 62 | 66 *** | |
182.8 | 480 ± 27 | 25 * | 175 ± 4 | 60 *** | 1186 ± 53 | - | 327 ± 44 | 85 *** | |
ArtC | Ctrol + | 842 ± 34 | 498 ± 33 | 2189 ± 73 | 2171 ± 33 | ||||
0.69 | 526 ± 12 | 37 ** | 309 ± 17 | 38 ** | 1833 ± 48 | 16 * | 1595 ± 37 | 26 ** | |
1.37 | 520 ± 18 | 38 ** | 282 ± 23 | 43 *** | 1957 ± 36 | 11 * | 1639 ± 33 | 24 * | |
2.75 | 484 ± 31 | 42 *** | 218 ± 24 | 56 *** | 1813 ± 24 | 17 * | 1575 ± 11 | 27 ** | |
5.49 | 532 ± 27 | 37 ** | 217 ± 27 | 56 *** | 1727 ± 39 | 21 * | 1600 ± 38 | 26 ** | |
10.99 | 499 ± 26 | 41 *** | 189 ± 26 | 62 *** | 1885 ± 25 | 14 * | 1507 ± 43 | 30 ** | |
TA 102 | TA 97a | ||||||||
µg/plate | − S9 | % inhibition | + S9 | % inhibition | − S9 | % inhibition | + S9 | % inhibition | |
Bd-EAE | Ctrol + | MMC | AF | NOPD | AA | ||||
935 ± 18 | 1336 ± 24 | 884 ± 34 | 2312 ± 81 | ||||||
11.4 | 1666 ± 87 | - | 1302 ± 8 | 2* | 672± 11 | 24 * | 1816 ± 76 | 21 * | |
22.8 | 1309 ± 56 | - | 1344 ± 29 | - | 613 ± 68 | 31 ** | 1731 ± 64 | 25 ** | |
45.6 | 1317 ± 72 | - | 1363 ± 27 | - | 633 ± 55 | 28 ** | 1659 ± 82 | 28 ** | |
91.4 | 1011 ± 76 | - | 1357 ± 9 | - | 486 ± 35 | 45 *** | 1603 ± 27 | 31 ** | |
182.8 | 891 ± 48 | - | 1209 ± 5 | 9 * | 488 ± 65 | 45 *** | 1481 ± 63 | 36 ** | |
ArtC | Ctrol + | 1072 ± 25 | 1099 ± 27 | 1106 ± 23 | 1861 ± 23 | ||||
0.69 | 1096 ± 19 | - | 645 ± 23 | 41 *** | 876 ± 8 | 21 * | 1603 ± 26 | 14 * | |
1.37 | 1022 ± 18 | 5 * | 595 ± 25 | 46 *** | 862 ± 14 | 22 * | 1617 ± 16 | 13 * | |
2.75 | 994 ± 25 | 7 * | 566 ± 17 | 48 *** | 885 ± 19 | 20 * | 1669 ± 19 | 10 * | |
5.49 | 943 ± 17 | 12 * | 488 ± 14 | 56 *** | 933 ± 7 | 16 * | 1620 ± 21 | 13 * | |
10.99 | 879 ± 11 | 18 * | 529 ± 20 | 52 *** | 891 ± 17 | 19 * | 1602 ± 17 | 14 * |
4. Experimental
4.1. Chemicals and Culture Media
4.2. Preparation of B. dracunculifolia Extracts and Isolation of Artepillin C
4.3. HPLC Analysis
4.4. Metabolic Activation System (S9 mixture)
4.5. Mutagenicity Assay
4.6. Antimutagenicity Assay
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Conflict of Interest Statement
- Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds Bd-EAE and ArtC are available from the authors.
References and Notes
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Resende, F.A.; Munari, C.C.; De Azevedo Bentes Monteiro Neto, M.; Tavares, D.C.; Bastos, J.K.; Da Silva Filho, A.A.; Varanda, E.A. Comparative Studies of the (Anti) Mutagenicity of Baccharis dracunculifolia and Artepillin C by the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test. Molecules 2012, 17, 2335-2350. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17032335
Resende FA, Munari CC, De Azevedo Bentes Monteiro Neto M, Tavares DC, Bastos JK, Da Silva Filho AA, Varanda EA. Comparative Studies of the (Anti) Mutagenicity of Baccharis dracunculifolia and Artepillin C by the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test. Molecules. 2012; 17(3):2335-2350. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17032335
Chicago/Turabian StyleResende, Flávia Aparecida, Carla Carolina Munari, Moacir De Azevedo Bentes Monteiro Neto, Denise Crispim Tavares, Jairo Kenupp Bastos, Ademar Alves Da Silva Filho, and Eliana Aparecida Varanda. 2012. "Comparative Studies of the (Anti) Mutagenicity of Baccharis dracunculifolia and Artepillin C by the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test" Molecules 17, no. 3: 2335-2350. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17032335