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Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design
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Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 13240

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Youjin Jang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
Interests: human–building interactions; robotics and automation in construction; data analytics; data sensing; smart and connected communities; safety and health; emerging technology adoption
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jeehee Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
Interests: data-driven construction and project management through artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP); human–building interaction (HBI); human sensing technology; smart construction/smart building
Dr. Soowon Chang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Construction Management Technology, Purdue Polytechnic Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Interests: connected community; building energy; urban infrastructure systems; modeling and simulation; virtual design and construction; parametric and generative design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urban and architectural design play a critical role in shaping and functioning the cities and spaces we inhabit. As the world continues to urbanize at an unprecedented pace, the need for innovative solutions to address the challenges of urbanization becomes increasingly important. Advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled solutions and digital ecosystems, are emerging as powerful tools that can revolutionize the way we design, plan, and build our cities, taking into consideration long-term and broader impacts on social habitats. This Special Issue explores the significance and necessity of advanced technologies for urban and architectural design, highlighting their potential to create more sustainable, efficient, and livable urban environments.

The Guest Editors cordially welcome high-quality papers focusing on, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Smart cities and Internet of Things (IoT) in urban design;
  • Parametric and generative design;
  • Modular construction and prefabrication;
  • Building information modeling (BIM) and digital twins;
  • Virtual and augmented reality in architectural visualization and simulation;
  • Robotics and automation in construction and building design and construction;
  • Sustainable materials and energy-efficient design strategies;
  • Climate change and disaster risk reduction;
  • Data-driven urban planning and design;
  • Intelligent transportation systems and mobility solutions;
  • Urban resilience and climate-responsive architecture;
  • Human-centered and user experience design.

We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Dr. Youjin Jang
Dr. Jeehee Lee
Dr. Soowon Chang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • smart buildings
  • smart cities
  • advanced technology
  • intelligent transportation system
  • innovative urban solutions
  • automation in building design
  • sustainable and energy-efficient design

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

25 pages, 88348 KiB  
Article
A Method for Measuring the Visual Coherence of Buildings in Residential Historic Areas: A Case Study of the Xiaoxihu Historic Area in Nanjing, China
by Yipin Xu and Zejia Pan
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1595; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061595 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
Residential historic areas are currently the main focus of urban renewal efforts in China, primarily consisting of traditional residential buildings with similar characteristics. Hence, the visual coherence of buildings (VCoB) plays a crucial role in such areas, not only pertaining to the visual [...] Read more.
Residential historic areas are currently the main focus of urban renewal efforts in China, primarily consisting of traditional residential buildings with similar characteristics. Hence, the visual coherence of buildings (VCoB) plays a crucial role in such areas, not only pertaining to the visual quality of the urban landscape but also regarding the preservation of historic features. The accurate measurement of the VCoB is a prerequisite for undertaking optimization efforts. However, discussions of the VCoB in the built environment are limited and seldom address residential historic areas, and methods for measuring the VCoB have yet to be refined. Therefore, taking the Xiaoxihu Historic Area in Nanjing as a case study, this work aimed to develop a more refined method for measuring the VCoB in residential historic areas based on objective physical features. The method is mainly based on the human-level perspective, identifying three key visual elements within this perspective as the objects of measurement. It collected visual data through photography, with deep learning and computer graphics processing tools being utilized to identify and extract the visual elements. Then, the study established a corresponding framework of indicators for different visual elements and optimizes the methods for indicator calculation. Through an assessment involving professionals, we validated the high accuracy of the measurement method proposed in this study. Furthermore, the study discusses factors affecting the VCoB, methods to enhance the VCoB, and the required degree of the VCoB based on the results of the measurement. The method developed in this research will provide support for the visual analysis of the urban built environment and urban renewal practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
25 pages, 536 KiB  
Article
Risk Evaluation of Radioactive Concrete Structure Decommissioning in Nuclear Power Plants Using Fuzzy-AHP
by Hyosoo Moon, Seyedali Mirmotalebi, Youjin Jang, Yonghan Ahn and Nahyun Kwon
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1536; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061536 - 25 May 2024
Viewed by 323
Abstract
Over 50% of nuclear power plants (NPPs) worldwide have operated for over three decades, leading to a surge in decommissioning projects. This study addresses the gap in current guidelines by analyzing risks in nuclear decommissioning. Using the fuzzy-AHP technique, tasks within dismantling radioactive [...] Read more.
Over 50% of nuclear power plants (NPPs) worldwide have operated for over three decades, leading to a surge in decommissioning projects. This study addresses the gap in current guidelines by analyzing risks in nuclear decommissioning. Using the fuzzy-AHP technique, tasks within dismantling radioactive concrete structures are prioritized. Findings reveal structural and human-related risks across five main cutting tasks. Collision emerges as a significant concern, particularly during wire saw installation and concrete block hoisting hole creation. Subcategory risk priorities highlight variations in risk across tasks, with jamming, falling, and falling objects identified as top concerns during wire saw transportation. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive risk assessment in enhancing safety during decommissioning. It underscores the need to consider both physical risks and risks to personnel throughout the process. By prioritizing safety, stakeholders can ensure worker safety and operational efficiency while minimizing hazards. This research contributes to standardized safety protocols for nuclear decommissioning worldwide, aligning with sustainable energy practices. The outcomes offer practical insights for safety manual development and decision-making processes. This study represents progress in ensuring safety during nuclear decommissioning, paving the way for further refinement of safety protocols and guidelines tailored to decommissioning sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
17 pages, 10612 KiB  
Article
A New Approach to Interior Design: Generating Creative Interior Design Videos of Various Design Styles from Indoor Texture-Free 3D Models
by Zichun Shao, Junming Chen, Hui Zeng, Wenjie Hu, Qiuyi Xu and Yu Zhang
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1528; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061528 - 24 May 2024
Viewed by 252
Abstract
Interior design requires designer creativity and significant workforce investments. Meanwhile, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is crucial for enhancing the creativity and efficiency of interior design. Therefore, this study proposes an innovative method to generate multistyle interior design and videos with AI. First, this study [...] Read more.
Interior design requires designer creativity and significant workforce investments. Meanwhile, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is crucial for enhancing the creativity and efficiency of interior design. Therefore, this study proposes an innovative method to generate multistyle interior design and videos with AI. First, this study created a new indoor dataset to train an AI that can generate a specified design style. Subsequently, video generation and super-resolution modules are integrated to establish an end-to-end workflow that generates interior design videos from texture-free 3D models. The proposed method utilizes AI to produce diverse interior design videos directly, thus replacing the tedious tasks of texture selection, lighting arrangement, and video rendering in traditional design processes. The research results indicate that the proposed method can effectively provide diverse interior design videos, thereby enriching design presentation and improving design efficiency. Additionally, the proposed workflow is versatile and scalable, thus holding significant reference value for transforming traditional design toward intelligence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
20 pages, 2912 KiB  
Article
Edge AI-Enabled Road Fixture Monitoring System
by Moein Younesi Heravi, Israt Sharmin Dola, Youjin Jang and Inbae Jeong
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051220 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 566
Abstract
Effective monitoring of road fixtures is essential for urban safety and functionality. However, traditional inspections are time-consuming, costly, and error prone, while current automated solutions struggle with high initial setup costs, limited flexibility preventing wide adaptation, and reliance on centralized processing that can [...] Read more.
Effective monitoring of road fixtures is essential for urban safety and functionality. However, traditional inspections are time-consuming, costly, and error prone, while current automated solutions struggle with high initial setup costs, limited flexibility preventing wide adaptation, and reliance on centralized processing that can delay response times. This study introduces an edge AI-based remote road fixture monitoring system which automatically and continuously updates the information of the road digital twin (DT). The main component is a small-sized edge device consisting of a camera, GPS, and IMU sensors designed to be installed in typical cars. The device captures images, detects the fixture, and estimates their location by employing deep learning and feature matching. This information is transmitted to a dedicated cloud server and represented on a user-friendly user interface. Experiments were conducted to test the system’s performance. The results showed that the device could successfully detect the fixture and estimate their global coordinates. Outputs were marked and shown on the road DT, proving the integrated and smooth operation of the whole system. The proposed Edge AI device demonstrated that it could significantly reduce the data size by 80–84% compared to traditional methods. With a satisfactory object detection accuracy of 65%, the system effectively identifies traffic poles, stop signs, and streetlights, integrating these findings into a digital twin for real-time monitoring. The proposed system improves road monitoring by cutting down on maintenance and emergency response times, increasing the ease of data use, and offering a foundation for an overview of urban road fixtures’ current state. However, the system’s reliance on the quality of data collected under varying environmental conditions suggests potential improvements for consistent performance across diverse scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
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23 pages, 29755 KiB  
Article
Urban Landscape Perception Research Based on the ERP Method: A Case Study of Jingdezhen, China
by Yue Cheng, Jiayin Chen, Jiajia Tang, Wenbo Xu, Dong Lv and Xuan Xiao
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040962 - 1 Apr 2024
Viewed by 784
Abstract
Within the rapidly growing urban tourism industry, the development of urban landscapes plays a crucial role in shaping a city’s image and competitiveness; however, standardized and mismatched landscapes often have a negative impact, highlighting the importance of assessing urban landscape perceptions. Although existing [...] Read more.
Within the rapidly growing urban tourism industry, the development of urban landscapes plays a crucial role in shaping a city’s image and competitiveness; however, standardized and mismatched landscapes often have a negative impact, highlighting the importance of assessing urban landscape perceptions. Although existing studies have discussed this through subjective questionnaires and physiological methods, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been thoroughly explored. The research focuses on Jingdezhen, a renowned historical and cultural city in China, as its case study. Utilized the event-related potential (ERP) method to explore individuals’ perceptual consistency and neural activity toward different types of urban landscapes. We adopted a 2 (landscape type: historical, modern) X 2 (perceptual match: consistent, inconsistent) within-subject design while recording behavioral data and electrophysiological responses. The results showed that, under any condition, there were no significant differences in people’s behavioral data. Neurophysiological results indicate that consistent perceptions of modern landscapes elicited greater P200 responses, suggesting increased attention driven by visual aesthetics and emotional activation. Under conditions of perceptual inconsistency, historical landscapes elicited higher N400 amplitudes than modern landscapes, revealing cognitive conflict and effort. This study demonstrates that P200 and N400 components are effective indicators for assessing urban perception, proving the viability of the event-related potential method in urban landscape research. Additionally, the research reveals the neural mechanisms of urban environmental perception from the early stages of attention and emotional distribution to the later stages of cognitive decision-making, which involve cognitive processes from “bottom-up” to “top-down”. This study not only provides a reference for efficient design planning for those involved in urban science but also inspires the coordination between the developmental needs of historical and modern urban landscapes. Moreover, it offers a new perspective for an interdisciplinary approach to urban perception assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
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22 pages, 4265 KiB  
Article
Research on a Data-Driven Modeling Method for Precast Concrete Balcony Components
by Jie Cai, Xin Wang, Junfeng Shi, Xingxing Xie, Yu Feng and Yingjun Wu
Buildings 2024, 14(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010096 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 841
Abstract
In this paper, a data-driven modeling method for precast concrete (PC) balcony components was proposed to solve the problems of low informatization and the difficult modeling of components at the design stage. Through the analysis of the characteristics of PC balcony components and [...] Read more.
In this paper, a data-driven modeling method for precast concrete (PC) balcony components was proposed to solve the problems of low informatization and the difficult modeling of components at the design stage. Through the analysis of the characteristics of PC balcony components and the combination of modular design methods, the paper designed a data structure for the components and developed a data-driven modeling tool for PC balcony components that can realize the input of structural design data, automatically generating component models. First, this paper introduced the data-driven modeling concept and the modeling process. Second, the PC balcony components in common prefabricated residential projects were analyzed to identify their characteristics. By using a modular design approach, these components were divided and a module dataset was created based on the split modules. Consequently, a data structure for the prefabricated balcony component model was established, wherein both conventional parameters and adaptive parameters between modules were interrelated. Finally, the function of data-driven modeling was achieved by developing a modular design tool on the Revit platform using the C# programming language. The application conducted on a prefabricated building project demonstrated that the software tool and modeling method in this paper effectively improve the level of informatization and modeling efficiency of PC balcony components. The modular design approach was satisfied with the standardization and diversification requirements of balcony components, thereby offering insights for modeling other complex components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
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27 pages, 7224 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Evaluation Method and Process of BIM Data for Generating BIM-Based 2D Deliverables
by Yije Kim, Sangyoon Chin and Seungyeon Choo
Buildings 2023, 13(12), 3124; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13123124 - 16 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 946
Abstract
Views, drawings, and data extracted from building information modeling (BIM) constitute essential deliverables throughout the lifecycle of an architecture, engineering, and construction project, offering crucial insights for comprehending the design. Nevertheless, many employers evaluating BIM deliverables lack standardized criteria for the specific intended [...] Read more.
Views, drawings, and data extracted from building information modeling (BIM) constitute essential deliverables throughout the lifecycle of an architecture, engineering, and construction project, offering crucial insights for comprehending the design. Nevertheless, many employers evaluating BIM deliverables lack standardized criteria for the specific intended use of each BIM outcome, which hampers the practical utility of BIM results. This study introduces a quantitative evaluation method for the management of BIM-based two-dimensional (2D) deliverables. The BIM outcome measurement index for 2D deliverables (BOMI-2D) is formulated to provide a quantitative assessment of BIM data, focusing on their composition, structure, data readiness, and consistency. Pilot tests validated the efficacy of BOMI-2D, revealing an impressive 88.3% reduction in additional work required for 2D deliverables when data readiness increased by 25% and consistency improved by 32%. BOMI-2D is poised to play a pivotal role as an evaluation index for BIM data and outcomes, ultimately enhancing their utilization and productivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
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23 pages, 12940 KiB  
Article
Research on the Modular Design and Application of Prefabricated Components Based on KBE
by Na Li, Yu Feng, Jixiong Liu, Xiongjin Ye and Xingxing Xie
Buildings 2023, 13(12), 2980; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122980 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1867
Abstract
The design and production of prefabricated buildings pose challenges in achieving standardization, limiting their extensive adoption. In order to address issues of prefabricated components, such as the low reusability of design knowledge, limited standardization, and design disconnection, this paper adopted the prefabricated cantilevered [...] Read more.
The design and production of prefabricated buildings pose challenges in achieving standardization, limiting their extensive adoption. In order to address issues of prefabricated components, such as the low reusability of design knowledge, limited standardization, and design disconnection, this paper adopted the prefabricated cantilevered structure components as the research object. It employs knowledge-based engineering (KBE) theory and secondary split modularization approach in conjunction with Revit secondary development technology to establish a modular design system. The system formalizes complex design knowledge into concise user interfaces and a logically clear programming language, ensuring the design system’s ease of use and accessibility. To validate the authenticity and applicability of the modular design system developed in this paper, a comparison is made between the traditional modeling tool and modular modeling tool. Through empirical analysis, the result indicates that the new tool proposed in this paper can enhance the efficiency of design professionals by 72.92%. Among these, the tool meets the modeling and design requirements of 96.1% of the prefabricated components in the project, making it highly suitable for the modeling and design process of the vast majority of prefabricated components. Therefore, this design approach, which integrates KBE and three-dimensional geometric technology, makes the modular design of prefabricated cantilevered structural components feasible, providing a reference for future research in the design of other prefabricated components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
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32 pages, 6089 KiB  
Article
Correlation Analysis of Retail Space and Shopping Behavior in a Commercial Street Based on Space Syntax: A Case of Shijiazhuang, China
by Haitao Lian and Gaomei Li
Buildings 2023, 13(11), 2674; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112674 - 24 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1750
Abstract
The visibility and spatial characteristics of commercial space are the key factors that affect the space vitality. However, the coupling visibility graphical analysis of commercial spaces and spatial characteristics to quantitatively analyse consumer behaviour in commercial street spaces and assess the vitality of [...] Read more.
The visibility and spatial characteristics of commercial space are the key factors that affect the space vitality. However, the coupling visibility graphical analysis of commercial spaces and spatial characteristics to quantitatively analyse consumer behaviour in commercial street spaces and assess the vitality of retail spaces has not been adequately studied. In this paper, the aim is to conduct a visibility graph analysis of Zhuangli Street in Letai Center, Shijiazhuang, using space syntax theory, assessing the spatial vitality of the retail space by investigating the shop visits. First, a methodology for obtaining data on spatial characteristics and consumer behaviour of shopping streets was developed. Secondly, this article constructs a process for a visibility graph analysis of Zhuangli Street based on space syntax theory. Third, two combination variables of the space coefficient and depth coefficient of shop windows in retail spaces of a commercial street are proposed. Finally, the effect of combination variables and business types on spatial vitality was analyzed using correlation and multiple regression methods, and a space vitality prediction model was proposed. The results showed that the shop with the highest shop visits of retail spaces in the shopping street is 13.55 times higher than the smallest shop. The space coefficient of the shop window, depth coefficient of the shop window, and space connectivity of retail spaces in commercial streets have positive effects on space vitality. The workflow proposed in this paper can provide technical support for retail space design in commercial streets as well as evaluating and optimizing commercial street space design solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
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20 pages, 11621 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Study on Flexural Behavior of a Full-Scale Assembled Integral Two-Way Multi-Ribbed Composite Floor System
by Xiangqiang Zeng, Yan Feng, Sihan Ruan, Ming Xu and Liang Gong
Buildings 2023, 13(10), 2517; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102517 - 4 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1001
Abstract
An assembled floor system is a main step in the industrialization of construction in civil engineering, where the stiffness and anti-crack properties under designed loads and its self-weight are the main concerns. This paper presents a new type of assembled integral composite floor [...] Read more.
An assembled floor system is a main step in the industrialization of construction in civil engineering, where the stiffness and anti-crack properties under designed loads and its self-weight are the main concerns. This paper presents a new type of assembled integral composite floor system, which is composed of precast ribbed bottom slab, lightweight infills, cast-in-situ upper slab and joints. Through the couplers for squeezing and splicing of longitudinal bars, shear keys and cast-in-situ joints between the precast panels and cast-in-situ upper part, the whole hollow floor system could not only exhibit satisfactory mechanical performance, but also lower the self-weight and shorten the construction time. To study its flexural behaviors, a full-scale specimen sized 9.2 m × 9.2 m was designed and tested under static area load. With the load increased to the designed loads of Chinese design code GB50010-2010, mechanical performance (i.e., crack distribution, deformation and stress distribution) were analyzed. To further study its load-carrying capacity and working mechanism, an effective finite element model was established in ABAQUS and compared with experimental and simulation results. It was found that the deflection of the floor under the normal service load and the crack width met the needs of normal use, and the finite element model could serve as a reliable method for the load-carrying capacity calculation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
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28 pages, 11034 KiB  
Article
Light Environment Evaluation of the Architecturalized Immersive New Media Public Art Installation from the Audiences’ Visual Safety Perspective
by Yonghong Yan, Yi Zhong, Bohan Zhang, Ziming Weng, Shuhui Niu, Yue Zeng, Xiang Cheng and Biao Zhong
Buildings 2023, 13(8), 2122; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082122 - 21 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1583
Abstract
How to balance the artistry and comfort of the light environment in an architecturalized immersive new media public art installation (AINMPAI) to ensure the safety of the audiences’ visual safety has become a new issue. The lack of corresponding lighting design standards makes [...] Read more.
How to balance the artistry and comfort of the light environment in an architecturalized immersive new media public art installation (AINMPAI) to ensure the safety of the audiences’ visual safety has become a new issue. The lack of corresponding lighting design standards makes this issue more challenging. This paper explores the appropriate luminance range of the irregularly curved LED screens of the AINMPAI with high-luminance natural light as the background. The influence of the audience behavior mode on the brightness threshold of the LED screens in the AINMPAI under the background of Internet communication is discussed. Through software simulation and field measurement, the effectiveness of the design measures based on the local characteristics of the work is verified. The overall average luminance, the regional luminance, the partial luminance, and the corresponding luminance contrast of the inner screen surface were measured at every 10° change in the solar altitude angle during daytime. The nighttime light environment parameters and the temperature of the device throughout the day were also measured. A total of 487 visitors were interviewed for subjective evaluation of the comfort of the light and thermal environments. The results show that: (1) the overall average luminance cannot wholly describe the actual luminance of the critical parts of the special-shaped curved screen in the device and that two indicators, the regional luminance and the partial average luminance, need to be added; (2) the maximum brightness limit of LED screens in the daytime can be 1000 cd/m2 but at night it should be controlled within 200 cd/m2; (3) natural light is the main factor that causes the high average brightness and low contrast of the daytime device screen; (4) the recommended indicators for such artistic installations should balance the absolute values of average brightness, artistic effect, and transmission priority. This study can provide foundational data and a methodological reference for establishing AINMPAI light environment design guidelines or recommended standards based on audiences’ visual safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
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22 pages, 3914 KiB  
Article
Pedestrian Simulation on Evacuation Behavior in Teaching Building of Primary School Emergencies and Optimized Design
by Haitao Lian, Sijia Zhang, Gaomei Li and Yuchen Zhang
Buildings 2023, 13(7), 1747; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071747 - 10 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1316
Abstract
The spatial layout and arrangement of obstacles in the built environment significantly affect its evacuation performance. However, few researchers focus on pedestrian simulation-based design optimization of built environment under emergency evacuation conditions. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the evacuation performance of [...] Read more.
The spatial layout and arrangement of obstacles in the built environment significantly affect its evacuation performance. However, few researchers focus on pedestrian simulation-based design optimization of built environment under emergency evacuation conditions. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the evacuation performance of optimized design solutions for traffic space in the teaching building of a primary school based on a pedestrian simulation approach and to quantify the effect of design parameters on evacuation time. Firstly, the level of traffic space design parameters was determined and optimized design solutions for the traffic space of the school building were generated. Secondly, based on the Anylogic simulation platform, the environment module and pedestrian evacuation behaviour rules of the teaching building were built to realize the evacuation behaviour simulation. Thirdly, the effect of the traffic space design parameters on the evacuation time of the teaching building was evaluated and the most significant design parameters were identified. Finally, the optimal combination of traffic space design parameters was proposed under evacuation performance orientation. The results show that the sensitivity of the traffic space design parameters to evacuation time is 31.85%. The effect of corridor width on evacuation time is 49.06 times greater than the staircase width. The optimal design combination for the traffic space in the teaching building of the primary school is a 3.0 m wide trapezoidal corridor combined with a 3.6 m wide staircase, and a 3.0 m wide fish maw corridor combined with 3.6 m wide staircase, guided by evacuation performance. The framework developed in this paper provides technical support for the development of evacuation performance-oriented design optimization of the built environment, and the results are intended to supplement the building design specifications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
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Review

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15 pages, 1186 KiB  
Review
The Early Case for Stabilization and Sustainability of Korean G-SEED Based on Collaborative Governance: A Theoretical Review
by Myunghee Kim
Buildings 2023, 13(10), 2631; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102631 - 18 Oct 2023
Viewed by 836
Abstract
This article aims to identify the significance of collaborative governance in the initial stage of the system for stabilization and sustainability through a case study of the introduction of the Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED) certification system. To this end, [...] Read more.
This article aims to identify the significance of collaborative governance in the initial stage of the system for stabilization and sustainability through a case study of the introduction of the Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED) certification system. To this end, the collaborative governance model was examined, and how the initial drivers and collaborative dynamics contributed to the stabilization and sustainability of the G-SEED certification system were investigated. Based on a theoretical literature review, a descriptive case study was conducted by applying the Integrated Framework of Collaborative Governance framework to address how multi-stakeholder collaboration works in G-SEED. The results of this study demonstrate that the drivers and collaborative dynamics in the early G-SEED contributed to a major revision of green building certification regulations and standards as outcomes of collaborative actions and to a continued increase in the number of certifications. This article argues that the stabilization and sustainability of the certification system depend on how multiple stakeholders collaborate and establish collaborative governance in the early stage of system introduction. It suggests that in the case of G-SEED, it is necessary to consider the implications derived from the results based on collaboration among sectors to achieve qualitative growth rather than quantitative expansion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Urban and Architectural Design)
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