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29 pages, 1370 KiB  
Review
A Scoping Review of Literacy Interventions Using Signed Languages for School-Age Deaf Students
by Hannah M. Dostal, Jessica A. Scott, Marissa D. Chappell and Christopher Black
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 1104; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081104 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
This scoping review systematically analyzes the nature and implications of existing research on literacy and literacy interventions that use a signed language among deaf students from preschool through college. We identified the findings associated with the use of sign languages on literacy outcomes [...] Read more.
This scoping review systematically analyzes the nature and implications of existing research on literacy and literacy interventions that use a signed language among deaf students from preschool through college. We identified the findings associated with the use of sign languages on literacy outcomes for deaf students, and we analyzed the scope of the identified studies to uncover potential gaps in the research base. Fifteen empirical studies published between 2014 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria, featuring participants across a range of educational levels. Methodologies varied, with qualitative and group comparison designs most common. Studies addressed key literacy components (i.e., phonological awareness, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension, and composition) and findings indicate that integrating sign language into literacy instruction enhances language access and supports literacy learning. The results highlight the importance of responsive, multimodal instruction and point to the need for further research to fill identified gaps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Language and Cognitive Development in Deaf Children)
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22 pages, 603 KiB  
Review
Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Therapy: Risks, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies
by Annisa Eka Fitrianti, Nadea Olyvia Wardani, Astri Astuti, Kusnandar Anggadiredja, Lia Amalia, Risani Andalasia Putri and Zulfan Zazuli
Med. Sci. 2025, 13(3), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13030130 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. Anthracyclines are commonly used as the first line of treatment, often combined with other agents, including trastuzumab. Despite their efficacy, both drugs pose a risk of cardiotoxicity, which may impair patients’ quality of life [...] Read more.
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. Anthracyclines are commonly used as the first line of treatment, often combined with other agents, including trastuzumab. Despite their efficacy, both drugs pose a risk of cardiotoxicity, which may impair patients’ quality of life (QoL) and hinder treatment persistence. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is dose-dependent and generally irreversible, whereas trastuzumab is associated with potentially reversible cardiac dysfunction. This review discusses the risk factors and biological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer and explores effective strategies for prevention and treatment. It has been demonstrated that several cardioprotective strategies, such as treatments with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers, and dexrazoxane, can help lessen cardiotoxic effects. A better understanding of cardioprotective strategies may help optimize cancer treatment without compromising cardiovascular function. Full article
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9 pages, 213 KiB  
Article
A Retrospective Review of Gynaecological and Social Outcomes for Teenage Pregnancies from 2020 to 2022 in Stoke-on-Trent
by Maria van Veelen, Lauren Franklin, Aisling McCann and Fidelma O’Mahony
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(16), 5745; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165745 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Adolescent pregnancies are associated with negative outcomes of health and social and economic consequences for both the mother and child. The aim of this audit was to determine the incidence of gynaecological complications and adverse social determinants of health affecting pregnant [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Adolescent pregnancies are associated with negative outcomes of health and social and economic consequences for both the mother and child. The aim of this audit was to determine the incidence of gynaecological complications and adverse social determinants of health affecting pregnant women less than 20 years old at the time of delivery in Stoke-on-Trent, with the goal of improving local and national trust guidelines. Methods: A retrospective case note review was conducted using electronic databases. Subjects had to be under the age of 20 years old at the time of delivery at our local tertiary hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. Results: Four hundred and seventy-three women met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 18 years old (range: 13–19 years). Most women delivered at term (mean 38+3), were primigravida (76%), and underwent spontaneous delivery (43%). Both our induction rate of 28.2% and caesarean section rate of 18.4% were below the national averages. Complications of post-partum haemorrhage and low birth weights exceeded the national averages, with third- to fourth-degree perineal tears just below the national incidence rate of 2.9%. Negative social determinants of health included smoking, mental illness, and low breastfeeding rates. Our mean 3-year breastfeeding rate was 24.3%. Conclusions: This single-centre audit at a large tertiary hospital has demonstrated that women under the age of 20 years old in socially deprived areas of the UK are more likely to experience negative gynaecological and social outcomes from their pregnancies compared to areas of low deprivation within the UK. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology)
15 pages, 8387 KiB  
Article
Clustering Cortical Rhythms: Monoaminergic Signatures in Time-Frequency EEG Dynamics
by Vasily Vorobyov and Alexander Deev
Biomedicines 2025, 13(8), 1973; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081973 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background: Multiple studies of the role of neurotransmitter systems in the effects of various substances on brain functions under normal conditions and at various brain disorders have demonstrated the relatively high usefulness of the electroencephalogram (EEG). However, little is known about EEG [...] Read more.
Background: Multiple studies of the role of neurotransmitter systems in the effects of various substances on brain functions under normal conditions and at various brain disorders have demonstrated the relatively high usefulness of the electroencephalogram (EEG). However, little is known about EEG “fingerprints” of direct neurotransmitter–receptor interactions, in particular, for monoamine (MA) systems involved in the main brain functions. Methods: We looked at how the EEG effects of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine receptors activating substances (quipazine, SKF-38393, and clonidine, respectively) injected into the brain’s lateral ventricles were affected by corresponding blockers (cyproheptadine, SCH-23390, and yohimbine) in freely moving rats. We introduced a method for clustering significant changes in the EEG spectra based on specific time intervals and narrow frequency subranges. Results: Stimulating serotonin and dopamine receptors caused specific suppression of EEG activity around 10 Hz and an increase near 18 Hz, respectively. The effects were reduced after pretreatment with the corresponding receptor blockers. Clonidine produced clusters of increased and decreased EEG activity around 6 Hz and 21 Hz, respectively, which were weakened by the blocker, yohimbine. These results demonstrate the “signatures” of different MA systems in EEG time–frequency clustering. Conclusions: We consider the developed approach as a potentially useful tool in clinics for evaluation of MA transmission pathology and its therapy with corresponding substances penetrating the blood–brain barrier. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience)
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14 pages, 9838 KiB  
Article
High-Resolution Quantitative Reconstruction of Microvascular Architectures in Mouse Hepatocellular Carcinoma Models
by Yan Zhao, Haogang Zhao, Xin Wang, Wei Dai, Xuhua Ren, Jing Wang and Guohong Cai
Cancers 2025, 17(16), 2653; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17162653 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Alterations in liver vascularization play a remarkable role in liver disease development, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but remain understudied. This study evaluated the hepatic microvascular imaging method and provided high-resolution quantitative anatomical data on the characteristics and architecture of liver vasculature [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Alterations in liver vascularization play a remarkable role in liver disease development, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but remain understudied. This study evaluated the hepatic microvascular imaging method and provided high-resolution quantitative anatomical data on the characteristics and architecture of liver vasculature in wild-type (WT) mice and HCC mouse models. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were injected with Akt/Ras or Sleeping Beauty transposon to induce HCC. Liver tissues from normal and Akt/Ras mice underwent hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Ki67, and lymphatic endothelial receptor-1 staining. Using cutting-edge high-definition fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography, high-precision microvascular visualization of the liver was performed in WT and Akt/Ras HCC mice. Results: The sectioned volumes of normal and HCC liver tissues were 204.8 mm3 and 212.8 mm3, respectively. The microvascular systems associated with the tissues of the Akt/Ras HCC mouse were twisted, disordered, and compressed by tumor nodules. In the four tumor nodules, the path of the hepatic artery was more around the tumor edge, whereas the portal vein occupied the central position and constituted the main blood vessel entering the tumors. The porosity of HCC and paracancerous cirrhotic tissues was significantly less than that of normal tissues. The radii of the central vessels in the hepatic sinusoid of paratumoral cirrhotic tissues were significantly higher than those of normal tissues; however, the hepatic sinusoid density of paratumoral cirrhotic tissues was lower. Conclusions: This research provides a deeper understanding of the normal liver microvasculature and alterations in cases of cirrhosis and HCC, which complements scientific insights into liver morphology and physiology. This straightforward research approach involving the novel 3D liver microvasculature can be used in multiscale physiological and pathophysiological studies regarding liver diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fluorescence Imaging in Cancer)
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24 pages, 691 KiB  
Review
On the Move: A Review of Mobile and Military Surgery
by Colton D. Wayne, Taylor H. Jacobs, Kyle Alexander, Zachary Dumbauld, Siddharth Narayanan, Omar Rokayak and Forrest O. Moore
Emerg. Care Med. 2025, 2(3), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecm2030040 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
The ability to provide ambulatory and mobile surgery services in rural and austere environments has seen tremendous growth in recent decades due to innovations in surgical techniques and equipment. These advances have been implemented in both civilian and military settings, increasing the capabilities [...] Read more.
The ability to provide ambulatory and mobile surgery services in rural and austere environments has seen tremendous growth in recent decades due to innovations in surgical techniques and equipment. These advances have been implemented in both civilian and military settings, increasing the capabilities of surgeons and surgical subspecialists across the globe. This review aims to briefly explore the history of ambulatory and mobile surgery and describe the recent efforts to make advancements in this field to improve global surgery opportunity and access, as well as to provide an overview of both military and civilian utilizations of mobile surgical teams and strategies. Full article
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21 pages, 11920 KiB  
Brief Report
Breeding of High-Polysaccharide-Producing Volvariella volvacea Strains Based on Genome Shuffling Technology
by Lihui Liang, Qihang Su, Yawei Wang, Peichen Du, Suzhen Zhao, Huanjie Zhang and Xiaofeng Gao
J. Fungi 2025, 11(8), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11080591 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Volvariella volvacea, a fungal species of Volvariella within the Pluteaceae family, is predominantly cultivated in southern China. Polysaccharides, the primary bioactive constituents of V. volvacea, exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. However, current cultivation practices face challenges due to the genetic heterogeneity of [...] Read more.
Volvariella volvacea, a fungal species of Volvariella within the Pluteaceae family, is predominantly cultivated in southern China. Polysaccharides, the primary bioactive constituents of V. volvacea, exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. However, current cultivation practices face challenges due to the genetic heterogeneity of strains, leading to inconsistent content and compositional variability of polysaccharides and other functional components. ARTP, denoting atmospheric and room-temperature plasma, is a technology capable of generating plasma jets at ambient pressure with temperatures ranging from 25 to 40 °C. These jets feature high concentrations of highly reactive species, including but not limited to excited-state helium atoms, oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, and OH radicals. This study aims to develop high-yielding exopolysaccharide (EPS) strains through integrated ARTP mutagenesis and genome shuffling, thereby overcoming current cultivation bottlenecks. ARTP mutagenesis and genome shuffling significantly boosted EPS production in V. volvacea. ARTP generated nine stable mutants with >20% higher EPS yields. Subsequent genome shuffling (three rounds of protoplast fusion) produced the hybrid strain SL212, which achieved 46.85 g/L of EPS, an 111.67% increase over that of the parent strain under identical conditions. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that differential metabolites and genes were mainly enriched in galactose metabolism, ABC transporter pathways, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These pathways enhance monosaccharide biosynthesis and generate ATP, providing both precursors and energy for polysaccharide polymerization, thereby driving EPS overproduction. Preliminary mechanistic analysis identified the key contributing factors driving the elevated polysaccharide biosynthesis. Full article
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16 pages, 5778 KiB  
Article
A Living Lab for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring in an Architecture School: A Low-Cost, Student-Led Approach
by Robiel Manzueta, César Martín-Gómez, Leire Gómez-Olagüe, Amaia Zuazua-Ros, Sara Dorregaray-Oyaregui and Arturo H. Ariño
Buildings 2025, 15(16), 2873; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162873 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Students and educators spend considerable time in indoor learning spaces on university campuses, where indoor air quality (IAQ), of which particulate matter (PM) is an important component, is a critical concern that architecture students must address. However, IAQ is seldom monitored and very [...] Read more.
Students and educators spend considerable time in indoor learning spaces on university campuses, where indoor air quality (IAQ), of which particulate matter (PM) is an important component, is a critical concern that architecture students must address. However, IAQ is seldom monitored and very rarely, if at all, reported in these spaces. We used a novel living lab approach to provide third-year students of building services with a hands-on learning activity. During a two-week monitoring period, students designed, assembled, and operated low-cost PM sensors using Arduino platforms. The data analysis showed hotspots where the IAQ was consistently compromised and showed repetitive patterns in time. Workshop and laboratory areas repeatedly recorded the highest PM levels in 15 min sampling events distributed over daily two-hour segments, averaging 43.3 and 47.9 μg/m3 PM10, respectively, with maxima of 118.6 and 119.9 μg/m3 PM10. These measurements would have qualified as ‘moderate’ IAQ if sustained over a full day. A distinct weekly pattern was discovered, with Mondays being worse. The results demonstrated a new practical approach to monitoring the building’s IAQ at minimal cost while obtaining reproducible data. This tool provided educators with a valuable teaching tool that provided students with a deeper understanding of indoor air pollution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation in the Era of Smart Buildings)
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24 pages, 21284 KiB  
Article
Optimizing the Ecological Network to Construct an Ecological Security Pattern in a Metropolitan Area: A Case Study of the Jinan Metropolitan Area, China
by Xinlong Liu, Fangyuan Zhang, Qingrui Gao, Tianlu Li, Renhe Zhang and Yanyan Jia
Sustainability 2025, 17(16), 7342; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167342 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Constructing an ecological security pattern (ESP) represents an effective strategy for alleviating regional landscape fragmentation, which is crucial for maintaining regional ecological health. This study focuses on the Jinan metropolitan area as a case study, employing morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), ecosystem services [...] Read more.
Constructing an ecological security pattern (ESP) represents an effective strategy for alleviating regional landscape fragmentation, which is crucial for maintaining regional ecological health. This study focuses on the Jinan metropolitan area as a case study, employing morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), ecosystem services evaluation, and circuit theory to construct the ecological network (EN). This study optimizes the EN by considering connectivity and spatial distribution, with reference to priority areas and ecological protection red lines (EPRLs). Additionally, the robustness of the EN was evaluated, and the ESP for the Jinan metropolitan area was constructed. The results show the following: (1) The initial EN of the study area comprises 40 ecological sources (ESs) and 84 ecological corridors (ECs). Four types of priority areas were identified. There is a noticeable imbalance in the spatial distribution of ESs and ECs across the Jinan metropolitan area. (2) During the optimization process, 10 new ESs were extracted based on priority areas, which weakened the obstacle effect of problem areas in ECs, and 7 new ESs were extracted based on EPRL, which solved the problem of uneven distribution of ESs to a certain extent. (3) The optimized EN consists of 57 ESs and 124 ECs. Robustness analysis reveals that this multi-perspective optimization method enhances the connectivity and stability of the EN. An ESP of “One Belt, Two Axes, Two Zones, and Five Cores” has been established for the Jinan metropolitan area. This study provides a valuable reference for sustainable development in the Jinan metropolitan area and offers a scientific basis for similar metropolitan areas. Full article
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11 pages, 758 KiB  
Review
Epidemiology of Systemic Light-Chain (AL) Amyloidosis
by Rafael Ríos-Tamayo
Lymphatics 2025, 3(3), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/lymphatics3030025 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a challenging, complex and heterogeneous disease. AL amyloidosis is classified under the category of plasma cell neoplasms and other diseases with paraproteins in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid tumors. Epidemiological information is [...] Read more.
Systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a challenging, complex and heterogeneous disease. AL amyloidosis is classified under the category of plasma cell neoplasms and other diseases with paraproteins in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid tumors. Epidemiological information is limited, largely due to its low incidence and the lack of a global network of population-based specific registries. Despite recent advances, AL amyloidosis is still considered an incurable disease. The presence of a precursor disease, particularly monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance, is the main consolidated risk factor. Limited knowledge about other risk factors precludes the possibility of establishing preventive measures. A relevant percentage of AL amyloidosis patients fulfill the current diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma. Incidence should be evaluated in the setting of population-based studies. On the one hand, incidence shows a slightly increasing pattern. On the other hand, survival is progressively increasing. Consequently, prevalence is also rising. Early mortality, commonly associated with advanced heart involvement, remains a serious drawback to improve the outcome. Epidemiology represents the first level of heterogeneity in AL amyloidosis. Both genomic and clinical epidemiological research in systemic AL amyloidosis have a crucial role in the global strategy to combat this multifaceted disease. Full article
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16 pages, 2058 KiB  
Systematic Review
Transforming Humanitarian Supply Chains Through Green Practices: A Systematic Review
by Angie Ramirez-Villamil and Anicia Jaegler
Logistics 2025, 9(3), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030115 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background: This systematic review explores the integration of green practices into humanitarian supply chains to mitigate environmental impacts and contribute to global decarbonization efforts. Methods: This review focused on peer-reviewed articles published between 2011 and 2024 that addressed the environmental dimension [...] Read more.
Background: This systematic review explores the integration of green practices into humanitarian supply chains to mitigate environmental impacts and contribute to global decarbonization efforts. Methods: This review focused on peer-reviewed articles published between 2011 and 2024 that addressed the environmental dimension of humanitarian logistics. Studies were included if they examined environmental practices within humanitarian supply chains and excluded if they lacked focus on environmental impact or logistics. A comprehensive search of the Scopus database in April 2024 yielded 291 records, of which 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. A thematic synthesis was conducted; due to the qualitative nature of the data, no formal risk-of-bias assessment was conducted. Results: The analysis revealed increasing adoption of environmentally focused practices, such as emissions monitoring, waste reduction, and resource-efficient transportation. Key barriers included operational complexity, inadequate digital infrastructure, and the absence of standardized environmental frameworks. The review identified digital innovation, inter-organizational collaboration, and integrated environmental performance metrics as promising pathways for improvement. Despite growing awareness, significant gaps remain in the standardization and measurement of environmental performance across humanitarian supply chains. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for further research and coordinated efforts to develop consistent, scalable green practices in the humanitarian context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Humanitarian and Healthcare Logistics)
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22 pages, 1237 KiB  
Systematic Review
Therapeutic Potential of Natural Xanthones Against Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of Research Trends During the Last Ten Years (2014–2024)
by Gaétan Tchangou Tabakam, Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya, Chika Ifeanyi Chukwuma, Samson Sitheni Mashele, Maurice Ducret Awouafack and Tshepiso Jan Makhafola
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(8), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18081197 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men worldwide and is ranked as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men globally. Background/Objectives: We aimed to identify the effectiveness of cytotoxic plant-derived xanthones against prostate cancer over the past [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men worldwide and is ranked as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men globally. Background/Objectives: We aimed to identify the effectiveness of cytotoxic plant-derived xanthones against prostate cancer over the past ten years. Methods: Searches were performed in Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed/Medline for ten years up to December 2024 using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The published articles were assessed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 procedure. Results: From a total number of n = 11,932 results, 9 were retained as included studies, which included 51 xanthones. Conclusions: Garcibractatin A and bracteaxanthone VII exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on human prostate cancer (PC-3 cells) [IC50 value of 2.93 and 4.8 μM] and the human normal prostatic stromal myofibroblast cell line (WPMY-1 cells) [IC50 value of 0.76 and 3.2 μM], which were more potent than the reference etoposide [(IC50 value of 10.07 μM) and (IC50 value of 12.98 μM)]. Parvifolixanthone A showed significant activity on PC-3 (IC50 of 4.65 μM), which was more potent than the reference 5-fluorouracil (IC50 of 30.59 μM); gaudichaudione H, cantleyanone A, isobractatin, isoforbesione, and neobractatin had strong cytotoxicity (IC50 values between 2.10 and 3.39 μM) as compared to etoposide (IC50 of 10.07 μM). Despite these positive outlooks, there are still several restrictions, most notably the absence of in vivo evidence in many studies and well-defined mechanisms of action for all the promising bioactive xanthones identified in this work as well as the absence of studies of their cytotoxicity on certain normal cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products as an Alternative for Treatment of Human Diseases)
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2 pages, 123 KiB  
Editorial
Applications Based on Symmetry/Asymmetry in Fluid Mechanics
by Xi Chen
Symmetry 2025, 17(8), 1323; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081323 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
This Special Issue of Symmetry is devoted to recent advances in the analysis and applications of fluid mechanics based on Symmetry/Asymmetry [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications Based on Symmetry/Asymmetry in Fluid Mechanics)
20 pages, 6578 KiB  
Article
Hydration Heat Effect and Temperature Control Measures of Long-Span U-Shaped Aqueducts
by Pingan Liu, Yupeng Ou, Tiehu Wang, Fei Yue, Yingming Zhen and Xun Zhang
CivilEng 2025, 6(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/civileng6030042 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of hydration heat-induced temperature and stress fields in a U-shaped aqueduct during the casting phase, integrating field measurements and numerical simulations. The key findings are as follows: (1) Thermal Evolution Characteristics: Both experimental and numerical results demonstrated [...] Read more.
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of hydration heat-induced temperature and stress fields in a U-shaped aqueduct during the casting phase, integrating field measurements and numerical simulations. The key findings are as follows: (1) Thermal Evolution Characteristics: Both experimental and numerical results demonstrated consistent thermal behavior, characterized by a rapid temperature rise, subsequent rapid cooling, and eventual stabilization near ambient conditions. The peak temperature is observed at the centroid of the bearing section’s base slab, reaching 83.8 °C in field tests and 87.0 °C in simulations. (2) Stress Field Analysis: Numerical modeling reveals critical stress conditions in the outer concrete layers within high-temperature zones. The maximum tensile stress reaches 6.37 MPa, exceeding the allowable value of the tensile strength of the current concrete (1.85 MPa) by 244%, indicating a significant risk of thermal cracking. (3) Temperature Gradient and Cooling Rate Anomalies: Both methodologies identify non-compliance with critical control criteria. Internal-to-surface temperature differentials exceed the 25 °C threshold. Daily cooling rates at monitored locations surpass 2.0 °C/d during the initial 5–6 days of the cooling phase, elevating cracking risks associated with excessive thermal gradients. (4) Mitigation Strategy Proposal: Implementation of a hydration heat control system is recommended; compared to single-layer systems, the proposed mid-depth double-layer steel pipe cooling system (1.2 m/s flow) reduced peak temperature by 23.8 °C and improved cooling efficiency by 28.7%. The optimized water circulation maintained thermal balance between concrete and cooling water, achieving water savings and cost reduction while ensuring structural quality. (5) The cooling system proposed in this paper has certain limitations in terms of applicable environment and construction difficulty. Future research can combine with a BIM system to dynamically control the tube cooling system in real time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Construction and Material Engineering)
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14 pages, 410 KiB  
Article
Validation of the Brief Autism Mealtime Behavior Inventory in Parents of Children in Cyprus
by Andri Papaleontiou, Vassiliki Siafaka, Louiza Voniati, Alexandros Gryparis, Rafaella Georgiou and Dionysios Tafiadis
Children 2025, 12(8), 1067; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12081067 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) includes significant feeding difficulties, behavioral issues, and communication deficits that are linked to serious medical complications and developmental challenges. The Brief Autism Mealtime Behavior Inventory (BAMBI) is a commonly used tool to screen for mealtime behavior problems in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) includes significant feeding difficulties, behavioral issues, and communication deficits that are linked to serious medical complications and developmental challenges. The Brief Autism Mealtime Behavior Inventory (BAMBI) is a commonly used tool to screen for mealtime behavior problems in children with ASD; however, it lacks validation for use within the Greek-Cypriot population. The current study sought to present the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the BAMBI for Greek-Cypriot parents of children with ASD. Methods: Three bilingual experts translated the inventory into Greek, following the translation guidelines by the World Health Organization. The inventory was then administered to 117 parents: 42 children with ASD and 75 typically developing children. Principal Component Analysis was used to obtain the tool’s statistical reliability and validity. Results: BAMBI-Gr demonstrated strong internal consistency, as indicated by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.755, and showed excellent test–retest reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.999. PCA identified three key factors: General Refusals, Refusing Food, and Autism-Related Features. Significant differences in BAMBI-Gr scores of the comparative group of parents of children with ASD and parents of typically developing children highlighted the tool’s sensitivity in detecting mealtime behavior problems. Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis set the cut-off points for optimum distinguishing of feeding problems at 46.00 (sensitivity 0.738, 1-specificity 0.000). Conclusions: The Greek-translated version of the BAMBI demonstrates validity and effectiveness as a parent-reported assessment tool for identifying feeding and mealtime difficulties in children with ASD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Neurology & Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
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