Biosensor for Detecting Fetal Growth Restriction in a Low-Resource Setting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quality Index | Cardiac Valve Frequency 1 | Arterial Turbulence Frequency 1 |
---|---|---|
1 | 390 | 294 |
2 | 824 | 1022 |
3 | 472 | 388 |
4 | 192 | 174 |
Total (n) | 1878 | 1878 |
Variable | Mean | Min–Max | SD |
---|---|---|---|
Pregnancy length, d | 280 | 259–301 | 8 |
Birth weight, g | 3008 | 1565–4025 | 410 |
Placenta weight, g | 440 | 265–867 | 107 |
Systolic BP | 107 | 78–151 | 11 |
Diastolic BP | 68 | 43–110 | 10 |
Variable | MAT+ (n = 5) | MAT− (n = 113) | 95% CI for Difference of Means | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pregnancy length, d | 280 ± 12 | 280 ± 8 | −7.5 to 6.9 | 0.9 1 |
BW, g | 2689 ± 642 | 3022 ± 395 | −34.7 to 70.7 | 0.08 1 |
Placenta weight, g | 450 ± 53 | 440 ± 108 | −118.3 to 97.4 | 0.8 1 |
Systolic BP | 117 ± 1.3 | 106 ± 13 | −22.5 to 0.5 | 0.06 1 |
Diastolic BP | 77 ± 6 | 69 ± 11 | −17.5 to 0.6 | 0.1 1 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.7 ± 1.3 | 10.8 ± 1.4 | −2.2 to 0.4 | 0.2 1 |
EFW GA 26–28 | 981 ± 111 | 926 ± 140 | −256 to 146 | 0.6 1 |
EFW GA 32–34 | 1629 ± 265 | 1844 ± 267 | −55 to 485 | 0.1 1 |
EFW GA 37–39 | 2502 ± 166 | 2822 ± 317 | 3.8 to 637 | 0.04 1 |
UA PI GA 26–28 | 0.95 ± 0.3 | 1.06 ± 0.2 | −0.1 to 0.3 | 0.4 1 |
UA PI GA 32–34 | 0.89 ± 0.2 | 0.93 ± 0.2 | −0.2 to 0.2 | 0.7 1 |
UA PI GA 37–39 | 0.99 ± 0.2 | 0.85 ± 0.4 | −0.3 to 0.02 | 0.9 2 |
UtA PI GA 26–28 | 0.81 ± 0.2 | 0.83 ± 0.2 | −0.1 to 0.1 | 0.8 1 |
UtA PI GA 32–34 | 0.71 ± 0.1 | 0.66 ± 0.2 | −0.1 to 0.3 | 0.4 1 |
UtA PI GA 37–39 | 0.69 ± 0.1 | 0.68 ± 0.1 | −0.1 to 0.1 | 0.9 1 |
Biosensor Test | Condition Positive | Condition Negative | PPV and NPV |
---|---|---|---|
Test outcome positive 1 | TP = 2 FP = 5 | FN = 3 TN = 108 | 2/(2 + 3) = 0.40 108/(108 + 5) = 0.96 |
Sensitivity | 2(2 + 5) = 0.29 | ||
Specificity | 108/(108 + 3) = 0.97 |
Biosensor Test | Condition Positive | Condition Negative | PPV and NPV |
---|---|---|---|
Test outcome positive 1 | TP = 1 FP = 0 | FN = 4 TN = 113 | 1/(1 + 4) = 0.20 113/(113 + 0) = 1.00 |
Sensitivity | 1(1 + 0) = 1.00 | ||
Specificity | 113/(113 + 4) = 0.97 |
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Jacobsen, A.; Schmiegelow, C.; Sørensen, B.; Msemo, O.A.; Nielsen, K.; Nielsen, B.B.; Møller, S.L.; Lusingu, J.P.A.; Minja, D.T.R.; Hedegaard, M.; et al. Biosensor for Detecting Fetal Growth Restriction in a Low-Resource Setting. Reprod. Med. 2021, 2, 57-67. https://doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed2010007
Jacobsen A, Schmiegelow C, Sørensen B, Msemo OA, Nielsen K, Nielsen BB, Møller SL, Lusingu JPA, Minja DTR, Hedegaard M, et al. Biosensor for Detecting Fetal Growth Restriction in a Low-Resource Setting. Reproductive Medicine. 2021; 2(1):57-67. https://doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed2010007
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacobsen, Anders, Christentze Schmiegelow, Bjarke Sørensen, Omari A. Msemo, Karsten Nielsen, Birgitte Bruun Nielsen, Sofie Lykke Møller, John P. A. Lusingu, Daniel T. R. Minja, Morten Hedegaard, and et al. 2021. "Biosensor for Detecting Fetal Growth Restriction in a Low-Resource Setting" Reproductive Medicine 2, no. 1: 57-67. https://doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed2010007