Electric Bike Product Conception and Styling According to Design Trends
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Environment Analysis
1.2. Analysis of the E-Bike Market
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Market Feasibility Assessment
2.1.1. Tool: Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
2.1.2. Requirements Obtained
2.1.3. Independence Matrix
2.1.4. Importance Matrix
2.1.5. What-How Matrix
2.2. Benchmarking Analysis
3. Description of the Case Study
3.1. Product Architecture
3.2. Innovation
3.3. Sketching
4. Results
5. Future Developments
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Power/Speed | Weight | Safety | Appealing Design | Comfort | Ergonomics | Price | Custom | Smart | Recharge | Space-Saving | Easy to Use | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Power/Speed | 9 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 39 | |||||||
Weight | 9 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 48 | ||||
Safety | 9 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 39 | |||||||
Appealing Design | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 36 | ||||
Comfort | 3 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 63 | |||
Ergonomics | 9 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 33 | |||||||
Price | 9 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 39 | |||
Custom | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 33 | |
Smart | 1 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 23 | |||||
Recharge | 9 | 9 | 3 | 21 | |||||||||
Space-Saving | 3 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 43 | |||||
Easy to Use | 9 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 39 | |||||||
Total | 36 | 61 | 37 | 24 | 48 | 39 | 35 | 46 | 22 | 39 | 42 | 27 |
Requirements | Power/Speed | Weight | Safety | Appealing Design | Comfort | Ergonomics | Price | Custom | Smart | Recharge | Space-Saving | Easy to Use | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Power/Speed | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 |
Weight | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 |
Safety | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 |
Appealing Design | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
Comfort | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 17 |
Ergonomics | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 18 |
Price | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 18 |
Custom | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Smart | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
Recharge | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 16 |
Space-Saving | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Easy to Use | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
Price | Motor Torque | Wattage | Watt Hours | Charge Time | Distance Eco Mode | Distance Sport Mode | Frame | Suspension | Brakes Type | Weight | Maximum Speed | TOTAL | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Appealing design | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
Comfort | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 27 |
Ergonomics | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 27 |
Price | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 42 |
Custom | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 |
Smart | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 24 |
Recharge | 3 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 33 |
Space-saving | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 19 |
Total | 46 | 13 | 16 | 24 | 27 | 24 | 24 | 66 | 37 | 29 | 52 | 24 |
Brand | CUBE | CUBE | iGO Electric | Orbea | Rad Power Bikes | Ride1Up | Riese & Müller | Stromer | Super73 | Yamaha | Innovation Column |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | Kathmandu Hybrid Pro 625 Unisex | Town Hybrid One 400 | Core Extreme 3.0 | GAIN D50 | RadRover Step-Thru 1 | Core-5 | Delite GT Touring | ST1 X | Z1 | Cross Core | |
Price ($) | 3999 | 2599 | 1899 | 2999 | 1699 | 1195 | 7479 | 4199 | 1395 | 2399 | 1195 |
Torque (Nm) | 85 | 50 | 80 | 40 | 80 | 60 | 75 | 35 | 35 | 70 | 85 |
Wattage (W) | 250 | 250 | 750 | 250 | 750 | 500 | 250 | 800 | 500 | 250 | 800 |
Watt hours (Wh) | 625 | 400 | 624 | 250 | 672 | 624 | 500 | 618 | 556.8 | 500 | 672 |
Charge time (h) | 11 | 4 | 5 | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 |
Distance in eco mode (Km) | 153 | 145 | 80 | 161 | 72 | 64 | 129 | 121 | 32 | 129 | 161 |
Distance in sport mode (Km) | 48 | 64 | 48 | 42 | 40 | 32 | 56 | 64 | 24 | 48 | 64 |
Frame | Unisex | Unisex | Crossbar | Crossbar | Unisex | Crossbar | Crossbar | Crossbar | Crossbar | Crossbar | / |
Suspension | Front | Front | Front | Carbon fiber | Front | None | Full | None | None | None | / |
Brakes type | Hydr | Hydr | Mech | Mech | Mech | Mech | Hydr | Hydr | Mech | Mech | / |
Weight (kg) | 26.4 | 24.7 | 33.5 | 11.3 | 32.4 | 22.2 | 28.5 | 26.7 | 31.7 | 19.7 | 11.3 |
Maximum speed (kph) | 32 | 25 | 43 | 25 | 32 | 45 | 32 | 45 | 32 | 32 | 45 |
Top | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Flop | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |
Delta | −1 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | −2 | 2 | −3 | −1 |
Model | Material | Distance Saddle-Handlebar | Wheel Diameter | Wheelbase | Max Rider Weight | Max Speed | Weight | Range per Charge |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E-motion | Aluminum | 48 cm | 69 cm | 122 cm | 150 kg | 25 km/h | 13 kg | 40–100 km |
Battery | Capacity | Charge Time | Motor | Power | RPM | Weight | Torque | Speed |
Lithium-ion | 300 Wh | 2.5 h | Brushless | 500 W | 105 | 3.2 kg | 50 Nm | 25 km/h |
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Frizziero, L.; Freddi, M.; Bucchi, G.; Coltelli, L.; Leon-Cardenas, C. Electric Bike Product Conception and Styling According to Design Trends. Designs 2022, 6, 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6030042
Frizziero L, Freddi M, Bucchi G, Coltelli L, Leon-Cardenas C. Electric Bike Product Conception and Styling According to Design Trends. Designs. 2022; 6(3):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6030042
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrizziero, Leonardo, Marco Freddi, Gabriele Bucchi, Lorenzo Coltelli, and Christian Leon-Cardenas. 2022. "Electric Bike Product Conception and Styling According to Design Trends" Designs 6, no. 3: 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6030042