Characterization of Competitive ELISA and Formulated Alhydrogel Competitive ELISA (FAcE) for Direct Quantification of Active Ingredients in GMMA-Based Vaccines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. GMMA Preparation (Drug Substance, DS)
2.2. Formulation of GMMA (Drug Product, DP)
2.3. Working Principle of Assays
2.4. cELISA Protocol for Determination of Non-Absorbed S. sonnei GMMA in DP Supernatants
2.5. FAcE Protocol for Determination of S. sonnei OAg in DP
2.6. Calculations
3. Results
3.1. Quantification Range
3.2. Accuracy
3.3. Precision, Repeatability, and Reproducibility
3.4. Specificity
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quantification Range | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mean All Repeats | Standard Deviation | ||
FAcE | Maximum OD | 2.7 | 0.20 |
Min. OAg (µg/mL)/well | 0.04 | 0.01 | |
Minimum OD | 0.67 | 0.09 | |
Max. OAg (µg/mL)/well | 1.39 | 0.23 | |
cELISA | Maximum OD | 2.69 | 0.13 |
Min. OAg (µg/mL)/well | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Minimum OD | 0.46 | 0.04 | |
Max. OAg (µg/mL)/well | 1.12 | 0.24 |
Operator | Day | OAg (µg/mL) | St. Dev (µg/mL) | CV % | SE | SE % | Accuracy % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Determination of S. sonnei OAg in single component DP supernatant | A | 1 | 1.60 | 0.19 | 11.67 | 0.031 | 1.945 | 95.97 |
A | 1 | 1.75 | 0.18 | 10.08 | 0.029 | 1.680 | 104.64 | |
A | 1 | 1.76 | 0.22 | 12.46 | 0.037 | 2.077 | 105.35 | |
A | 1 | 1.71 | 0.32 | 18.51 | 0.053 | 3.085 | 102.61 | |
A | 1 | 1.66 | 0.31 | 18.66 | 0.052 | 3.111 | 99.49 | |
A | 2 | 1.69 | 0.26 | 15.17 | 0.043 | 2.528 | 101.23 | |
A | 2 | 1.74 | 0.12 | 7.03 | 0.020 | 1.172 | 104.22 | |
A | 2 | 1.74 | 0.14 | 8.28 | 0.024 | 1.381 | 103.97 | |
A | 2 | 1.82 | 0.36 | 19.66 | 0.060 | 3.277 | 108.76 | |
A | 2 | 1.80 | 0.35 | 19.55 | 0.059 | 3.259 | 108.01 | |
A | 3 | 1.58 | 0.18 | 11.63 | 0.031 | 1.939 | 94.63 | |
A | 3 | 1.65 | 0.19 | 11.37 | 0.031 | 1.896 | 99.08 | |
A | 3 | 1.72 | 0.15 | 8.47 | 0.024 | 1.412 | 103.31 | |
A | 3 | 1.74 | 0.14 | 7.87 | 0.023 | 1.343 | 104.22 | |
A | 3 | 1.64 | 0.30 | 18.10 | 0.050 | 3.016 | 98.48 | |
B | 1 | 1.58 | 0.16 | 10.09 | 0.027 | 1.682 | 94.89 | |
B | 1 | 1.67 | 0.17 | 10.36 | 0.029 | 1.726 | 100.11 | |
B | 1 | 1.73 | 0.14 | 8.19 | 0.024 | 1.365 | 103.57 | |
B | 1 | 1.73 | 0.31 | 18.02 | 0.052 | 3.003 | 103.91 | |
B | 1 | 1.73 | 0.31 | 17.75 | 0.051 | 2.959 | 103.68 | |
B | 2 | 1.44 | 0.22 | 15.03 | 0.036 | 2.506 | 86.26 | |
B | 2 | 1.60 | 0.18 | 11.22 | 0.030 | 1.871 | 95.80 | |
B | 2 | 1.64 | 0.18 | 11.18 | 0.031 | 1.863 | 98.19 | |
B | 2 | 1.71 | 0.33 | 19.19 | 0.055 | 3.198 | 102.22 | |
B | 2 | 1.71 | 0.33 | 19.32 | 0.055 | 3.219 | 102.36 | |
B | 3 | 1.62 | 0.23 | 14.39 | 0.039 | 2.399 | 96.82 | |
B | 3 | 1.61 | 0.13 | 8.09 | 0.022 | 1.348 | 96.41 | |
B | 3 | 1.58 | 0.15 | 9.35 | 0.025 | 1.558 | 94.88 | |
B | 3 | 1.57 | 0.30 | 19.15 | 0.050 | 3.192 | 94.03 | |
B | 3 | 1.55 | 0.30 | 19.64 | 0.051 | 3.274 | 92.91 | |
Determination of S. sonnei OAg on multicomponent DP supernatant | A | 1 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 14.29 | 0.008 | 2.382 | 107.84 |
A | 1 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 10.89 | 0.006 | 1.815 | 108.80 | |
A | 1 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 7.28 | 0.004 | 1.248 | 109.72 | |
A | 1 | 0.34 | 0.03 | 8.47 | 0.005 | 1.474 | 106.41 | |
A | 1 | 0.34 | 0.04 | 12.37 | 0.008 | 2.337 | 104.84 | |
A | 2 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 6.49 | 0.004 | 1.082 | 108.61 | |
A | 2 | 0.36 | 0.03 | 7.06 | 0.004 | 1.176 | 112.31 | |
A | 2 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 7.49 | 0.004 | 1.285 | 108.89 | |
A | 2 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 6.36 | 0.004 | 1.107 | 108.55 | |
A | 2 | 0.34 | 0.02 | 6.00 | 0.004 | 1.134 | 106.06 | |
A | 3 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 10.61 | 0.005 | 1.768 | 93.29 | |
A | 3 | 0.31 | 0.02 | 7.05 | 0.004 | 1.176 | 95.22 | |
A | 3 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 9.73 | 0.005 | 1.669 | 94.26 | |
A | 3 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 10.97 | 0.006 | 1.910 | 93.36 | |
A | 3 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 8.71 | 0.005 | 1.646 | 94.89 | |
B | 1 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 11.11 | 0.006 | 1.851 | 94.59 | |
B | 1 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 13.52 | 0.007 | 2.253 | 97.28 | |
B | 1 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 12.16 | 0.006 | 2.085 | 96.93 | |
B | 1 | 0.31 | 0.10 | 30.77 | 0.017 | 5.356 | 97.69 | |
B | 1 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 8.94 | 0.005 | 1.690 | 96.16 | |
B | 2 | 0.31 | 0.02 | 5.92 | 0.003 | 0.986 | 97.23 | |
B | 2 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 6.38 | 0.003 | 1.063 | 101.45 | |
B | 2 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 7.52 | 0.004 | 1.289 | 100.11 | |
B | 2 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 28.60 | 0.016 | 4.979 | 98.95 | |
B | 2 | 0.32 | 0.03 | 8.95 | 0.005 | 1.692 | 99.90 | |
B | 3 | 0.34 | 0.05 | 14.19 | 0.008 | 2.365 | 105.10 | |
B | 3 | 0.28 | 0.03 | 10.03 | 0.005 | 1.672 | 88.59 | |
B | 3 | 0.29 | 0.05 | 18.89 | 0.009 | 3.240 | 89.02 | |
B | 3 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 31.41 | 0.016 | 5.468 | 93.48 | |
B | 3 | 0.29 | 0.04 | 14.58 | 0.008 | 2.756 | 90.47 | |
N1 | A | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
A | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
A | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
N2 | A | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
A | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
A | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
N3 | A | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
A | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
A | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Operator | Day | OAg (µg/mL] | St. Dev (µg/mL) | CV % | SE | SE % | Accuracy % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Determination of S. sonnei OAg in single component DP supernatant | A | 1 | 17.73 | 2.98 | 16.82 | 0.497 | 2.803 | 101.44 |
A | 1 | 14.77 | 1.84 | 12.48 | 0.307 | 2.079 | 84.50 | |
A | 1 | 15.71 | 1.88 | 11.94 | 0.322 | 2.047 | 89.91 | |
A | 1 | 17.88 | 2.08 | 11.61 | 0.361 | 2.021 | 102.30 | |
A | 1 | 15.77 | 3.96 | 25.10 | 0.748 | 4.743 | 90.23 | |
A | 2 | 16.83 | 1.40 | 8.30 | 0.233 | 1.383 | 96.32 | |
A | 2 | 18.23 | 4.12 | 22.59 | 0.740 | 4.058 | 104.32 | |
A | 2 | 19.04 | 1.93 | 10.15 | 0.322 | 1.691 | 108.95 | |
A | 2 | 21.36 | 3.14 | 14.70 | 0.523 | 2.449 | 122.24 | |
A | 2 | 18.56 | 2.89 | 15.54 | 0.481 | 2.591 | 106.22 | |
A | 3 | 17.59 | 2.05 | 11.64 | 0.362 | 2.059 | 100.68 | |
A | 3 | 17.74 | 3.22 | 18.14 | 0.569 | 3.206 | 101.52 | |
A | 3 | 19.03 | 1.91 | 10.06 | 0.338 | 1.778 | 108.88 | |
A | 3 | 18.47 | 2.69 | 14.58 | 0.476 | 2.578 | 105.69 | |
A | 3 | 18.74 | 2.16 | 11.54 | 0.382 | 2.040 | 107.27 | |
B | 1 | 15.46 | 2.54 | 16.43 | 0.423 | 2.738 | 88.46 | |
B | 1 | 17.09 | 1.62 | 9.50 | 0.271 | 1.584 | 97.78 | |
B | 1 | 17.85 | 2.34 | 13.13 | 0.390 | 2.188 | 102.12 | |
B | 1 | 17.25 | 2.30 | 13.32 | 0.388 | 2.251 | 98.72 | |
B | 1 | 18.47 | 3.13 | 16.94 | 0.521 | 2.823 | 105.68 | |
B | 2 | 17.25 | 3.49 | 20.21 | 0.581 | 3.369 | 98.69 | |
B | 2 | 19.90 | 3.00 | 15.06 | 0.499 | 2.509 | 113.89 | |
B | 2 | 19.09 | 3.25 | 17.03 | 0.542 | 2.838 | 109.24 | |
B | 2 | 18.67 | 2.46 | 13.15 | 0.415 | 2.223 | 106.81 | |
B | 2 | 18.02 | 1.71 | 9.50 | 0.289 | 1.605 | 103.11 | |
B | 3 | 17.02 | 3.87 | 22.76 | 0.732 | 4.302 | 97.39 | |
B | 3 | 15.05 | 2.33 | 15.48 | 0.440 | 2.925 | 86.15 | |
B | 3 | 15.47 | 2.14 | 13.80 | 0.404 | 2.608 | 88.55 | |
B | 3 | 15.40 | 2.44 | 15.85 | 0.470 | 3.051 | 88.15 | |
B | 3 | 14.82 | 1.72 | 11.62 | 0.331 | 2.236 | 84.79 | |
Determination of S. sonnei OAg on multicomponent DP supernatant | A | 1 | 4.62 | 0.54 | 11.74 | 0.090 | 1.957 | 93.39 |
A | 1 | 4.55 | 0.54 | 11.80 | 0.092 | 2.023 | 91.89 | |
A | 1 | 4.70 | 0.36 | 7.55 | 0.062 | 1.315 | 95.05 | |
A | 1 | 4.61 | 0.51 | 11.07 | 0.096 | 2.091 | 93.28 | |
A | 1 | 4.57 | 0.51 | 11.09 | 0.084 | 1.848 | 92.29 | |
A | 2 | 4.77 | 0.73 | 15.24 | 0.125 | 2.613 | 96.51 | |
A | 2 | 4.62 | 0.65 | 14.12 | 0.114 | 2.457 | 93.47 | |
A | 2 | 4.70 | 0.61 | 13.05 | 0.116 | 2.466 | 94.97 | |
A | 2 | 4.73 | 0.58 | 12.29 | 0.097 | 2.048 | 95.56 | |
A | 2 | 4.75 | 0.48 | 10.03 | 0.082 | 1.721 | 95.99 | |
A | 3 | 4.85 | 0.70 | 14.42 | 0.122 | 2.509 | 98.06 | |
A | 3 | 5.05 | 0.73 | 14.40 | 0.138 | 2.721 | 102.19 | |
A | 3 | 5.47 | 0.49 | 8.87 | 0.081 | 1.478 | 110.67 | |
A | 3 | 5.46 | 0.61 | 11.16 | 0.105 | 1.914 | 110.47 | |
A | 3 | 5.46 | 0.73 | 13.28 | 0.126 | 2.312 | 110.42 | |
B | 1 | 5.25 | 0.65 | 12.30 | 0.122 | 2.325 | 106.04 | |
B | 1 | 5.46 | 0.67 | 12.29 | 0.112 | 2.049 | 110.45 | |
B | 1 | 5.41 | 0.81 | 15.04 | 0.140 | 2.579 | 109.43 | |
B | 1 | 5.22 | 0.78 | 14.94 | 0.136 | 2.600 | 105.52 | |
B | 1 | 5.15 | 0.77 | 15.04 | 0.146 | 2.842 | 104.14 | |
B | 2 | 4.84 | 0.33 | 6.83 | 0.055 | 1.138 | 97.75 | |
B | 2 | 4.98 | 0.47 | 9.50 | 0.081 | 1.630 | 100.67 | |
B | 2 | 4.69 | 0.53 | 11.24 | 0.092 | 1.956 | 94.72 | |
B | 2 | 4.80 | 0.52 | 10.82 | 0.098 | 2.045 | 97.09 | |
B | 2 | 12.51 | 1.16 | 9.27 | 0.193 | 1.544 | 108.52 | |
B | 3 | 11.50 | 1.02 | 8.88 | 0.170 | 1.480 | 99.79 | |
B | 3 | 10.60 | 1.48 | 14.00 | 0.247 | 2.333 | 91.98 | |
B | 3 | 12.4 | 1.18 | 9.49 | 0.196 | 1.582 | 107.60 | |
B | 3 | 11.16 | 1.86 | 16.66 | 0.310 | 2.777 | 96.84 | |
B | 3 | 10.98 | 1.07 | 9.73 | 0.178 | 1.622 | 95.28 | |
Positive control (single component formulations) | A | 1 | 12.51 | 1.16 | 9,.27 | 0.193 | 1.54 | 108.52 |
A | 2 | 11.5 | 1.02 | 8.88 | 0.170 | 1.48 | 99.79 | |
A | 3 | 10.6 | 1.48 | 14.00 | 0.247 | 2.33 | 91.98 | |
B | 1 | 12.4 | 1.18 | 9.49 | 0.196 | 1.58 | 107.60 | |
B | 2 | 11.16 | 1.86 | 16.66 | 0.310 | 2.77 | 96.84 | |
B | 3 | 10.98 | 1.07 | 9.73 | 0.178 | 1.62 | 95.28 | |
N1 | A | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
A | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
A | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
N2 | A | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
A | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
A | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
N3 | A | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
A | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
A | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 1 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 2 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
B | 3 | n.d | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
CI 95% (Deviation from the Nominal Value %) | CV% IP (Intermediate Precision) | CV% R (Repeatability) | CV% Operator | CV% Day | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FAcE | Single component | 6.52–11.05 | 9.83 | 7.88 | 2.03 | 5.52 |
Multicomponent | 5.18–7.62 | 8.11 | 4.52 | 6.63 | 1.14 | |
cELISA | Single component | 3.31–6.16 | 5.53 | 4.31 | 3 | 1.71 |
Multicomponent | 5.49–7.88 | 8.23 | 3.87 | 4.9 | 5.37 |
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Rossi, O.; Aruta, M.G.; Acquaviva, A.; Mancini, F.; Micoli, F.; Necchi, F. Characterization of Competitive ELISA and Formulated Alhydrogel Competitive ELISA (FAcE) for Direct Quantification of Active Ingredients in GMMA-Based Vaccines. Methods Protoc. 2020, 3, 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3030062
Rossi O, Aruta MG, Acquaviva A, Mancini F, Micoli F, Necchi F. Characterization of Competitive ELISA and Formulated Alhydrogel Competitive ELISA (FAcE) for Direct Quantification of Active Ingredients in GMMA-Based Vaccines. Methods and Protocols. 2020; 3(3):62. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3030062
Chicago/Turabian StyleRossi, Omar, Maria Grazia Aruta, Alessandra Acquaviva, Francesca Mancini, Francesca Micoli, and Francesca Necchi. 2020. "Characterization of Competitive ELISA and Formulated Alhydrogel Competitive ELISA (FAcE) for Direct Quantification of Active Ingredients in GMMA-Based Vaccines" Methods and Protocols 3, no. 3: 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3030062