Caspofungin Affects Extracellular Vesicle Production and Cargo in Candida auris
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fungal Growth Conditions
2.2. Extracellular Vesicles Isolation
2.3. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA)
2.4. Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Proteomic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of EVs Produced by C. auris Treated with Caspofungin
3.2. Caspofungin Treatment Led to Alteration in the EV RNA Content
3.3. EV Protein Composition Was Altered upon Caspofungin Treatment
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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At Least 2 Strains | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term | Count | % | p-Value | Fold Enrichment | Fisher Exact |
cytoplasmic translation | 4 | 14.8 | 2.1 × 10–4 | 31.3 | 5.9 × 10–6 |
regulation of translational fidelity | 2 | 7.4 | 2.9 × 10–2 | 65.3 | 3.7 × 10–4 |
cellular response to unfolded protein | 2 | 7.4 | 3.8 × 10–2 | 48.9 | 6.8 × 10–4 |
translational elongation | 2 | 7.4 | 4.8 × 10–2 | 39.2 | 1.1 × 10–3 |
chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor | 2 | 7.4 | 6.6 × 10–2 | 28 | 2.2 × 10–3 |
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum | 4 | 14.8 | 2.6 × 10–2 | 5.7 | 4.3 × 10–3 |
Ribosome | 4 | 14.8 | 7.4 × 10–2 | 3.8 | 1.8 × 10–2 |
B8441 | |||||
Term | Count | % | p-Value | Fold Enrichment | Fisher Exact |
Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones | 2 | 16.7 | 9.5 × 10–2 | 10.5 | 9.0 × 10–3 |
nucleus | 4 | 33.3 | 7.5 × 10–2 | 3.2 | 2.3 × 10–2 |
Strains | Interpro ID | Product | Name |
---|---|---|---|
B11244 B8441 MMC1 | A0A2H0ZD48 | Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase | FBA1 |
A0A2H0ZQE9 | Mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein | MIR1 | |
A0A2H0ZVW8 | Phosphotransferase | HXK2 | |
A0A2H0ZCU8 | Mitochondrial outer membrane protein porin | POR1 | |
A0A2H0ZV45 | 14-3-3 protein homolog | BMH1 | |
B11244 MMC1 | A0A2H0ZM99 | Heat shock protein SSA2 | SSA2 |
B8441 MMC1 | A0A2H0ZFC0 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein | ASC1 |
A0A2H1A2B0 | ATP synthase subunit alpha | ATP1 | |
A0A2H0ZES9 | Transaldolase | TAL1 | |
A0A2H1A3A4 | SEC14 cytosolic factor | SEC14 | |
A0A2H0ZQK7 | Translation elongation factor EF1B gamma | CAM1 | |
A0A2H0ZIR0 | Adenosylhomocysteinase | SAH1 | |
A0A2H0ZSF0 | 40S ribosomal protein S16 | RPS16A | |
A0A2H1A6I3 | ATP-dependent RNA helicase eIF4A | TIF1 | |
A0A2H0ZVC9 | 60S ribosomal protein L9-B | RPL9B | |
A0A2H0ZQS3 | D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase | GFA1 | |
A0A2H0ZCD6 | 40S ribosomal protein S2 | RPS21 | |
A0A2H0ZDC5 | 40S ribosomal protein S0 | RPS0 | |
B11244 B8441 | A0A2H1A5H4 | Peroxiredoxin TSA1 | TSA1 |
MMC1 | A0A2H0ZKB9 | Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L14B | RPL14 |
A0A2H0ZRL1 | 40S ribosomal protein S11-A | RPS11A | |
A0A2H0ZKV5 | Elongation factor 3 | CEF3 | |
A0A2H0ZS48 | 40S ribosomal protein S24 | RPS24 | |
A0A2H1A3M0 | 60S ribosomal protein L18-A | RPL18 | |
A0A2H0ZD81 | 60S ribosomal protein L6 | RPL6 | |
A0A2H0ZFX1 | 60S ribosomal protein L7 | RPL7 | |
A0A2H0ZW29 | 40S ribosomal protein S3 | RPS3 | |
A0A2H1A5Q8 | 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 | RPP0 | |
A0A2H0ZYM3 | Ribosomal protein L15 | RPL15A | |
A0A2H0ZYS2 | 40S ribosomal protein S13 | RPS13 | |
A0A2H1A6Z0 | GTP-binding nuclear protein | GSP1 | |
A0A2H0ZMQ5 | Heat shock protein SSA2 | CAR2 | |
A0A2H0ZN06 | Ornithine aminotransferase | TKL1 | |
A0A2H1A937 | ADP, ATP carrier protein | T9 | |
A0A2H0ZM29 | 40S ribosomal protein S8 | RPS8A | |
B11244 | A0A2H1A4W2 | 1,3-beta-D-glucan-UDP glucosyltransferase | GSC1 |
A0A2H0ZP18 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | MDR1 | |
A0A2H1A5R8 | MFS domain-containing protein | HGT10 | |
A0A2H0ZW02 | Peptidase A1 domain-containing protein | ||
A0A2H0ZNS4 | GTP-binding protein RHO1 | RHO1 | |
A0A2H1A160 | Ras-related protein SEC4 | SEC4 | |
A0A2H0ZKL2 | AMP-binding domain-containing protein | FAA4 | |
A0A2H0ZDG8 | Uncharacterized protein | ||
A0A2H0ZKV9 | Plasma membrane ATPase | PMA1 | |
A0A2H0ZFX3 | 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase | PGA4 | |
A0A2H1A5H8 | Ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a | UBI3 | |
A0A2H0ZVC5 | Protein transport protein SSO2 | SSO2 | |
A0A2H0ZXY4 | Beta-glucan synthesis-associated protein | KRE6 | |
A0A2H1A7S4 | 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase | PHR2 | |
A0A2H1A768 | Multidrug resistance protein CDR1 | CDR1 | |
A0A2H0ZGL1 | Uncharacterized protein | ||
B8441 | A0A2H1A1L1 | 60S ribosomal protein L16-B | RPL16A |
A0A2H0ZVG5 | Asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) | ASN1 | |
A0A2H0ZC49 | Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial | ACO1 | |
A0A2H0ZQG0 | Ribosomal protein | RPL10A | |
A0A2H0ZUP3 | 60S ribosomal protein L27 | RPL27A | |
A0A2H0ZIP1 | Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 | ADH1 | |
A0A2H1A212 | S-adenosylmethionine synthase | SAM2 | |
A0A2H0ZDF6 | 60S ribosomal protein L12-A | RPL12 | |
A0A2H0ZQV3 | UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase | UGP1 | |
A0A2H0ZNX4 | Ribosomal protein L19 | RPL19A | |
A0A2H0ZGB6 | 40S ribosomal protein S25 | RPS25B | |
A0A2H0ZKG4 | 60S ribosomal protein L24 | RPL24A | |
A0A2H1A5C8 | 40S ribosomal protein S14 | RPS14B | |
A0A2H0ZD52 | 60S ribosomal protein L20-A | RPL29A | |
A0A2H0ZT69 | ATP synthase subunit beta | ATP2 | |
A0A2H0ZCW1 | Mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase | MPG1 |
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Amatuzzi, R.F.; Zamith-Miranda, D.; Munhoz da Rocha, I.F.; Lucena, A.C.R.; de Toledo Martins, S.; Streit, R.; Staats, C.C.; Trentin, G.; Almeida, F.; Rodrigues, M.L.; et al. Caspofungin Affects Extracellular Vesicle Production and Cargo in Candida auris. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8100990
Amatuzzi RF, Zamith-Miranda D, Munhoz da Rocha IF, Lucena ACR, de Toledo Martins S, Streit R, Staats CC, Trentin G, Almeida F, Rodrigues ML, et al. Caspofungin Affects Extracellular Vesicle Production and Cargo in Candida auris. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(10):990. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8100990
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmatuzzi, Rafaela F., Daniel Zamith-Miranda, Isadora F. Munhoz da Rocha, Aline C. R. Lucena, Sharon de Toledo Martins, Rodrigo Streit, Charley C. Staats, Gabriel Trentin, Fausto Almeida, Marcio L. Rodrigues, and et al. 2022. "Caspofungin Affects Extracellular Vesicle Production and Cargo in Candida auris" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 10: 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8100990