Quality of Life and Disease Impact of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis on Children and Their Families
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Measurement of QoL
3. Disease Impact of AD
3.1. AD Impact Relative to Other Diseases
3.2. Psychosocial/Mental Comorbidity
3.3. Impact of Comorbidities on QoL
4. Disease Impact of Psoriasis
4.1. Psoriasis Impact Relative to Other Diseases
4.2. Psychosocial/Mental Comorbidity
4.3. Impact of Comorbidities on QoL
5. Strategies to Improve QoL
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AD | Psoriasis | |
---|---|---|
Lesion configuration | Erythematous scaly, crusted papules, lichenification, excoriation | Sharply demarcated, erythematous scaly plaques |
Scale | Fine | Silvery-white, thick |
Oozing/crust | Common | Rare |
Distribution | Flexor surfaces (neck, antecubital and popliteal fossae), face, chest, wrist, back of hands and feet | Extensor surfaces of elbows and knees, scalp, sacral region, chest, face, abdomen |
Symptoms | Pruritus | Stinging, burning |
Photographic example |
Dermatology-Specific Tools | Disease-Specific Tools | |
---|---|---|
AD | Psoriasis | |
- Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) [30] - Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) [24] - Infants’ Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (IDQoL) [25] - Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI) [31] - Skindex-Teen [32] - Toddler Quality of Life Survey [33] | - Dermatitis Family Index (DFI) [13] - Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS) [34] - Childhood Impact of Atopic Dermatitis (CIAD) [35] - DISABKIDS Atopic Dermatitis Module (DISABKIDS-ADM) [36] - Parents’ Index of Quality of Life in Atopic Dermatitis (PIQoL-AD) [37] - Quality of Life in Primary Caregivers of children with Atopic Dermatitis (QPCAD) [38] - The Quality of Life in Parents of Children with Atopic Dermatitis [39] | - Children’s Scalpdex in Psoriasis [40] |
AD | Psoriasis | |
---|---|---|
Overall QoL impairment | - Greatest negative impact on HRQoL among chronic skin disorders including urticaria, alopecia, acne, and localized eczema [14] | - Greater negative impact than those seen in children with epilepsy, enuresis, diabetes, and vitiligo [14,70] - Comparable impairment to those seen in children with other chronic diseases such as arthritis or asthma [15,71] |
Itch and sleep disturbance | - Frequent scratching due to itching [42] - Decreased sleep efficiency, trouble getting to sleep, reduced total sleep time, difficulty waking up, daytime drowsiness, and irritability [43,44] | - Itching frequently [72,73,74] - Disturbed sleep due to pruritus and pain [75] |
Psychosocial/mental comorbidities | - Behavioral and maladjustment problems, sibling rivalry, abnormal psychological development, childhood low self-esteem, and lack of socialization skills [41], excessive dependency, clinginess, fearfulness [52], and damaged social functioning [53] - Increased risk of ADHD, depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and autism [55] | - Embarrassment, shame, behavior avoidance, teasing, bullying, stigmatization, disrupted body image, decrease in self-confidence, and social isolation [77,78,79] - Increased risk of anxiety and depression [77] |
Comorbidities | - Comorbid asthma, hay fever, food allergies, cutaneous infections, and possibly cardio-metabolic comorbidities [63,64] - Shorter stature, delayed growth, and early childhood obesity [66,67,68] | - Increased risk of concomitant obesity, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders [87,88,89,90] |
Impact for caregivers and family | - Greater impact than having a child with type 1 diabetes [41] - Sleep deprivation [45], anxiety, depression [60], exhaustion, frustration, helplessness, feelings of guilt, and instability of spousal and other familial relationships [41,53] | - Adverse impact on emotional well-being including stress, sadness, frustration, and depressed mood [15] |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Na, C.H.; Chung, J.; Simpson, E.L. Quality of Life and Disease Impact of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis on Children and Their Families. Children 2019, 6, 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/children6120133
Na CH, Chung J, Simpson EL. Quality of Life and Disease Impact of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis on Children and Their Families. Children. 2019; 6(12):133. https://doi.org/10.3390/children6120133
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa, Chan Ho, Janice Chung, and Eric L. Simpson. 2019. "Quality of Life and Disease Impact of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis on Children and Their Families" Children 6, no. 12: 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/children6120133