Evaluating the Nutritional Content of Children’s Breakfast Cereals in Australia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Children’s Cereals | Flakes, Bubbles and Puffs | Muesli | Clusters and Granola | Brans | Biscuits and Bites | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 33 | n = 114 | n = 116 | n = 59 | n = 7 | n = 18 | ||||||
Nutrient/100 g | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | p-Value | Median (IQR) | p-Value | Median (IQR) | p-Value | Median (IQR) | p-Value | Median (IQR) | p-Value |
Energy (kJ) | 1590 (65) | 1570 (783) | 0.36 | 1655 (278) | 0.007 | 1770 (140) | <0.001 | 1370 (110) | <0.001 | 1490.0 (113) | 0.01 |
Protein (g) | 7.2 (2.5) | 8.4 (3.9) | 0.001 | 10.7 (2.6) | <0.001 | 10.6 (2.7) | <0.001 | 12.7 (3.2) | <0.001 | 10.6 (2.8) | <0.001 |
Fat (g) | 1.4 (1.5) | 2.6 (3.2) | <0.001 | 10.4 (8.7) | <0.001 | 13.4 (5.9) | <0.001 | 3.9 (2.6) | 0.002 | 1.7 (2.8) | 0.048 |
Saturated fat (g) | 0.4 (4.9) | 0.5 (0.7) | 0.31 | 2.2 (1.8) | <0.001 | 2.4 (2.2) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.095 | 0.4 (1.5) | 0.2 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 80.0 (12.5) | 71.5 (14.4) | <0.001 | 57.5 (7.8) | <0.001 | 61.0 (7.7) | <0.001 | 46.8 (20.7) | <0.001 | 67.0 (3.9) | <0.001 |
Sugars (g) | 26.9 (15.8) | 17.0 (14.3) | <0.001 | 16.3 (7.7) | <0.001 | 18.6 (3.3) | <0.001 | 17.7 (10.3) | 0.17 | 5.7 (8.5) | <0.001 |
Sodium (mg) | 254 (245) | 250 (237) | 0.98 | 17 (39) | <0.001 | 60 (123) | <0.001 | 360 (118) | 0.22 | 270 (100) | 0.66 |
Dietary fibre (g) | 5.6 (6.6) a | 8.0 (6.5) a | 0.004 | 8.8 (2.9) a | <0.001 | 7.8 (1.7) a | 0.017 | 29.5 (18.1) | <0.001 | 10.5 (2.4) | <0.001 |
Nutrient profiling score | 3.0 (13.0) b | 1.0 (3.0) b | 0.005 | 0.0 (4.0) b | 0.001 | 1.0 (3.0) b | 0.82 | 0.0 (2.0) | 0.199 | −3.0 (4.0) | <0.001 |
Health star rating | 3.5 (2.0) c | 4.0 (0.5) c | <0.001 | 4.25 (0.5) c | <0.001 | 4.0 (0.0) c | 0.001 | 5.0 (0.5) | <0.001 | 4.5 (1.0) | <0.001 |
Nutrient | Claim Present | Claim Not Present | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) | |||
Wholegrain claim | n = 10 | n = 23 | |
Energy (kJ) | 1555 (103) | 1600 (50) | 0.062 |
Protein (g) | 8.5 (3.3) | 7.0 (2.2) | 0.28 |
Fat (g) | 2.2 (2.8) | 1.2 (1.1) | 0.025 |
Saturated fat (g) | 1.0 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.31 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 73.9 (5.5) | 83.1 (10.3) | 0.002 |
Sugar (g) | 23.7 (10.8) | 27.9 (18.8) | 0.43 |
Sodium (mg) | 123 (172) | 312 (270) | 0.008 |
Dietary fibre a (g) | 8.4 (3.3) | 2.5 (3.4) | 0.001 |
Nutrient profiling score b | 1.0 (4.0) | 9.0 (13.0) | 0.018 |
Health star rating c | 4.0 (0.8) | 2.5 (1.5) | 0.001 |
Dietary fibre claim | n = 9 | n = 24 | |
Energy (kJ) | 1580 (85) | 1595 (58) | 0.46 |
Protein (g) | 8.8 (1.7) | 7.0 (2.1) | 0.011 |
Fat (g) | 2.5 (3.4) | 1.2 (1.1) | 0.011 |
Saturated fat (g) | 1.0 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.006 |
Carbohydrate(g) | 72.0 (6.0) | 83.1 (9.8) | <0.001 |
Sugar (g) | 25.1 (6.8) | 28.0 (20.1) | 0.59 |
Sodium (mg) | 120 (115) | 316 (264) | 0.006 |
Dietary fibre a (g) | 8.2 (2.5) | 2.5 (4.8) | 0.004 |
Nutrient profiling score b | 1.0 (3.0) | 10.0 (13.0) | 0.028 |
Health star rating c | 4.0 (0.8) | 2.5 (1.5) | 0.002 |
B Vitamins claim | n = 16 | n = 17 | |
Energy (kJ) | 1605 (65) | 1580 (79) | 0.87 |
Protein (g) | 7.4 (3.5) | 7.1 (2.3) | 0.36 |
Fat (g) | 1.5 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.6) | 0.049 |
Saturated fat (g) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.031 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 79.0 (11.6) | 81.6 (14.1) | 0.61 |
Sugar (g) | 25.2 (17.2) | 27.9 (17.5) | 0.47 |
Sodium (mg) | 277 (218) | 150 (283) | 0.47 |
Dietary fibre a (g) | 4.4 (7.3) | 7.1 (6.3) | 0.87 |
Nutrient profiling score b | 4.0 (9.0) | 2.0 (16.0) | 0.98 |
Health star rating c | 3.0 (1.6) | 3.5 (2.0) | 0.85 |
Any claim | n = 25 | n = 8 | |
Energy (kJ) | 1590 (70) | 1595 (70) | 0.92 |
Protein (g) | 7.8 (2.7) | 6.1 (3.1) | 0.12 |
Fat (g) | 1.5 (1.8) | 0.4 (0.6) | 0.001 |
Saturated fat (g) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.007 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 77.4 (11.2) | 86.3 (9.9) | 0.008 |
Sugar (g) | 25.1 (14.1) | 32.3 (18.8) | 0.067 |
Sodium (mg) | 235 (225) | 380 (334) | 0.044 |
Dietary fibre a (g) | 7.5 (6.6) | 2.4 (5.7) | 0.089 |
Nutrient profiling score b | 2.0 (8.0) | 13.5 (12.0) | 0.021 |
Health star rating c | 3.5 (1.3) | 2.0 (1.5) | 0.032 |
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Tong, T.; Rangan, A.; Gemming, L. Evaluating the Nutritional Content of Children’s Breakfast Cereals in Australia. Children 2018, 5, 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5070084
Tong T, Rangan A, Gemming L. Evaluating the Nutritional Content of Children’s Breakfast Cereals in Australia. Children. 2018; 5(7):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5070084
Chicago/Turabian StyleTong, Terence, Anna Rangan, and Luke Gemming. 2018. "Evaluating the Nutritional Content of Children’s Breakfast Cereals in Australia" Children 5, no. 7: 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5070084