Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity on Salivary Secretory IgA and Alpha-Amylase in South African Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Saliva Sample Collection
2.3. Analyses of Salivary Markers
2.4. Body Composition, Cardiovascular Measurements, and Cardio-Respiratory Fitness
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n = 132 | Normal (n = 74) (males 36; females 38) | Overweight (n = 22) (males 8; females 14) | Obese (n = 36) (males 14; females 22) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 10.26 (1.74) | 9.59 (1.71) | 9.97 (1.52) |
Stature (cm) | 140.25 (11.42) | 141.20 (10.74) | 143.53 (9.19) |
Mass (kg) | 34.10 (7.58) | 40.83 (8.73) * | 58.03 (11.85) # |
BMI bb (kg/m2) | 17.11 (1.63) | 20.20 (1.49) *** | 28.03 (4.55) # |
Waist-Hip Ratio | 0.77 (0.04) | 0.79 (0.04) && | 0.84 (0.07) & |
Body Fat % | 19.56 (5.47) | 28.18 (4.11) *** | 39.38 (5.37) # |
Resting HR (b/min) | 87.00 (12.57) | 85.09 (11.21) | 89.11 (12.01) |
SBP (mmHg) | 94.20 (12.20) | 96.27 (9.67) && | 107.28 (11.67) & |
DBP aaa (mmHg) | 63.22 (8.33) | 64.64 (8.17) | 75.22 (10.00) # |
VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 29.35 (5.67) | 25.97 (4.01) a | 22.34 (3.02) &,aa |
sAA (U/mL) | 79.83 (43.12) | 62.13 (36.06) | 122.75 (46.50) # |
sAA (U/min) | 75.07 (42.64) | 59.91 (41.97) | 116.75 (46.21) # |
SIgA (µg/mL) | 243.95 (119.23) | 167.92 (71.46) * | 158.34 (56.03) & |
SIgA (µg/min) | 224.88 (118.45) | 152.95 (54.91) * | 150.05 (53.98) ** |
Models | B * | Std. Error * | t * | p * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
sAA (U/mL) | (Constant) | 6.964 | 38.75 | 0.18 | 0.86 |
BMI | 1.934 | 0.92 | 2.09 | 0.04 * | |
DBP | 0.9208 | 0.46 | 2.00 | 0.04 * | |
VO2max | −0.7321 | 0.76 | 0.96 | 0.34 | |
sAA (U/min) | (Constant) | −5.314 | 39.24 | 0.14 | 0.89 |
BMI | 2.351 | 0.94 | 2.51 | 0.01 * | |
DBP | 0.7135 | 0.47 | 1.53 | 0.13 | |
VO2max | −0.2394 | 0.73 | 0.31 | 0.76 | |
SIgA (µg/mL) | (Constant) | 303.71 | 58.28 | 5.21 | <0.0001 |
Age | −1.681 | 5.27 | 0.32 | 0.75 | |
BMI Category (1 = normal, 2 = overweight, 3 = obese) | −45.737 | 10.09 | 4.54 | <0.0001 * | |
SIgA (µg/min) | (Constant) | 233.04 | 56.97 | 4.09 | <0.0001 |
Age | 2.210 | 5.15 | 0.43 | 0.67 | |
BMI Category (1 = normal, 2 = overweight, 3 = obese) | −34.886 | 9.86 | 3.54 | 0.0006 * |
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Starzak, D.E.; Konkol, K.F.; McKune, A.J. Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity on Salivary Secretory IgA and Alpha-Amylase in South African Children. Children 2016, 3, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/children3030012
Starzak DE, Konkol KF, McKune AJ. Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity on Salivary Secretory IgA and Alpha-Amylase in South African Children. Children. 2016; 3(3):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/children3030012
Chicago/Turabian StyleStarzak, Dorota E., Kristen F. Konkol, and Andrew J. McKune. 2016. "Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity on Salivary Secretory IgA and Alpha-Amylase in South African Children" Children 3, no. 3: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/children3030012