Advances and Perspectives in Relation to the Molecular Basis of Diabetic Retinopathy—A Review
Abstract
:1. Aim
2. Introduction
3. Risk Factors
4. Pathophysiology
5. Molecular Biomarkers
5.1. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
5.2. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine
5.3. MicroRNAs
5.4. Endothelin-1
5.5. Advanced Glycation End Products
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
8. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Receptor | VEGFR1 | VEGFR2 | VEGFR3 |
VEGF variant | VEGF-A, -B, and PGF | VEGF-A, -C, and -D | VEGF-C and -D |
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Błaszkiewicz, M.; Walulik, A.; Florek, K.; Górecki, I.; Sławatyniec, O.; Gomułka, K. Advances and Perspectives in Relation to the Molecular Basis of Diabetic Retinopathy—A Review. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2951. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112951
Błaszkiewicz M, Walulik A, Florek K, Górecki I, Sławatyniec O, Gomułka K. Advances and Perspectives in Relation to the Molecular Basis of Diabetic Retinopathy—A Review. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(11):2951. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112951
Chicago/Turabian StyleBłaszkiewicz, Michał, Agata Walulik, Kamila Florek, Ignacy Górecki, Olga Sławatyniec, and Krzysztof Gomułka. 2023. "Advances and Perspectives in Relation to the Molecular Basis of Diabetic Retinopathy—A Review" Biomedicines 11, no. 11: 2951. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112951