Triggers of Collaborative Innovation in Online User Communities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Individual User Activities
2.2. Collaborative Innovation
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Setting: Open Energy Monitor
3.2. Data Collection and Cleansing
3.3. Content Analysis
3.4. Variables
3.4.1. Dependent Variables
“[…] I followed the instructions from Schism above […] Now I have good news, but I am afraid I still have some bad news too. […] the good news: By using single quotes and a white space after the last backslash in the path strings I can now create feeds with the engines PHPFIWA and PHPTIMESERIES. No more errors anymore with these two engines […]. But now comes the bad news: When I try to use the engine PHPFINA the error message “ERROR: feed could not be created, undefined” still comes up. […]. I’ve added a screenshot of the feed page and the input page […]”.(Tom, 20 March 2014)
3.4.2. Independent Variables
“Tried Raspberry Pi + Harddrive + Emoncms from emoncms.org, but it did not work as I expected. The new v8 emoncms fascinated me and so I did a complete new installation. The RFM12PI Module did not start and after a bit of searching I added the directory “emoncms” in the file: […] Now I get the data form my sensors into emoncms. […] I’m lost!”.(khs, 17 April 2014)
“I have been playing with Eagle last couple days and managed to produce an Arduino Shield as EmonTx. […] Here is how it looks, I ordered one PCB and it will be ready the next couple days. I will make a picture and let you know how it works.”.(mharizanov, 13 March 2012)
“I’ve recently installed an AA battery pack on my emonTX […] The program I am executing on the emonTX is essentially the default CT monitoring one, with a single temperature monitor and battery value added into the payload to be transmitted every 5 s […] Is there anything there that would be consuming the power? I have noticed various sleep commands in other examples—are these commands useful for increasing battery life? […] Any ideas for lowering the power consumption?”.(seannation, 21 January 2013)
“I’ve been posting data from my NanodeRF to emoncms for about a week now. Most of the time it seems to go great, but over the past couple of days the data update rate seemed to be slowing down. […] However, the only thing I had not rebooted was my router. Doing so, the problem went away immediately.”(Lloyd, 6 April 2012)
“Hello to all, The Netduino Plus software for logging your solar panels and/or electric house meter to Emon is now available on http://p1netduinoplus.codeplex.com.”.(SolarInKrimpen, 28 October 2012)
“The hardware is mainly there […] software addition would be required. […] Sorry, I am not a programmer, but maybe someone might like to take this on?”(glyn.hudson, 30 January 2012)
3.4.3. Control Variables
3.5. Regression Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Statistics
4.2. Regression Results
4.3. Robustness Checks
5. Discussion
5.1. Effects of Individual User Activities on Collaborative Innovation
5.2. Explaining Collaborative Innovation in User Communities
5.3. The Importance of the Written Format and User Characteristics
6. Conclusions
6.1. Limitations and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Variable | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 7. | 8. | 9. | 10. | 11. | 12. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. COLLPROT | ||||||||||||
2. HELP | −0.243 *** | |||||||||||
3. DEVSHARE | 0.052 * | −0.295 *** | ||||||||||
4. FEEDASK | 0.159 *** | −0.573 *** | −0.118 *** | |||||||||
5. FEEDGIVE | 0.173 *** | −0.330 *** | −0.068 ** | −0.132 *** | ||||||||
6. INFO | −0.079 *** | −0.326 *** | −0.067 ** | −0.130 *** | −0.075 ** | |||||||
7 CALLACT | 0.128 *** | −0.202 *** | −0.042 | −0.081 *** | −0.046 * | −0.046 * | ||||||
8. LENGTH | 0.239 *** | −0.095 *** | 0.137 *** | 0.044 | −0.017 | −0.023 | 0.048 * | |||||
9. NUMUSER | 0.410 *** | −0.135 *** | 0.159 *** | 0.073 ** | −0.023 | −0.042 | 0.107 *** | 0.804 *** | ||||
10. ASSIST | 0.300 *** | −0.226 *** | 0.145 *** | 0.023 | 0.108 *** | 0.130 *** | 0.051 * | 0.150 *** | 0.289 *** | |||
11. ACTLEVELPOSTS | 0.033 | −0.045 * | 0.015 | 0.0331 | −0.031 | 0.078 *** | −0.035 | 0.062 ** | 0.078 *** | 0.204 *** | ||
12. ACTLEVELTHREADS | −0.069 ** | 0.0162 | −0.002 | 0.008 | −0.016 | −0.032 | 0.010 | −0.054 * | −0.091 *** | −0.335 *** | 0.423 *** | |
13. INNO | 0.232 *** | −0.245 *** | 0.274 *** | 0.0178 | 0.135 *** | 0.054 * | 0.011 | 0.120 *** | 0.179 *** | 0.309 *** | 0.055 * | −0.010 |
References
- Franke, N.; Shah, S. How communities support innovative activities: An exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users. Res. Policy 2003, 32, 157–178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Von Krogh, G.; Spaeth, S.; Lakhani, K.R. Community, joining, and specialization in open source software innovation: A case study. Res. Policy 2003, 32, 1217–1241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harhoff, D.; Lakhani, K.R. Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Tilson, D.; Lyytinen, K.; Sørensen, C. Research Commentary—Digital Infrastructures: The Missing IS Research Agenda. Inf. Syst. Res. 2010, 21, 748–759. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chandra, Y.; Leenders, M.A. User innovation and entrepreneurship in the virtual world: A study of Second Life residents. Technovation 2012, 32, 464–476. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rayna, T.; Striukova, L.; Darlington, J. Co-creation and user innovation: The role of online 3D printing platforms. J. Eng. Technol. Manag. 2015, 37, 90–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nambisan, S. Digital Entrepreneurship: Toward a Digital Technology Perspective of Entrepreneurship. Entrep. Theory Pract. 2017, 41, 1029–1055. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Janzik, L.; Raasch, C. Online communities in mature markets: Why join, why innovate, why share? Int. J. Innov. Manag. 2011, 15, 797–836. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lüthje, C. Characteristics of innovating users in a consumer goods field. Technovation 2004, 24, 683–695. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pongtanalert, K.; Ogawa, S. Classifying user-innovators—An approach to utilize user-innovator asset. J. Eng. Technol. Manag. 2015, 37, 32–39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dahlander, L.; Frederiksen, L. The Core and Cosmopolitans: A Relational View of Innovation in User Communities. Organ. Sci. 2012, 23, 988–1007. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dejean, S.; Jullien, N. Big from the beginning: Assessing online contributors’ behavior by their first contribution. Res. Policy 2015, 44, 1226–1239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baldwin, C.; Von Hippel, E. Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation. Organ. Sci. 2011, 22, 1399–1417. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dóci, G.; Vasileiadou, E. “Let’s do it ourselves” Individual motivations for investing in renewables at community level. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015, 49, 41–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bogers, M.; Zobel, A.-K.; Afuah, A.; Almirall, E.; Brunswicker, S.; Dahlander, L.; Frederiksen, L.; Gawer, A.; Gruber, M.; Haefliger, S.; et al. The open innovation research landscape: Established perspectives and emerging themes across different levels of analysis. Ind. Innov. 2016, 24, 8–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Von Hippel, E. The Sources of Innovation; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 1988. [Google Scholar]
- Hyysalo, S.; Juntunen, J.K.; Freeman, S. User innovation in sustainable home energy technologies. Energy Policy 2013, 55, 490–500. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hyysalo, S.; Johnson, M.; Juntunen, J.K. The diffusion of consumer innovation in sustainable energy technologies. J. Clean. Prod. 2016. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kahma, N.; Matschoss, K. The rejection of innovations? Rethinking technology diffusion and the non-use of smart energy services in Finland. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 2017, 34, 27–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Balta-Ozkan, N.; Davidson, R.; Bicket, M.; Whitmarsh, L. Social barriers to the adoption of smart homes. Energy Policy 2013, 63, 363–374. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mahr, D.; Lievens, A. Virtual lead user communities: Drivers of knowledge creation for innovation. Res. Policy 2012, 41, 167–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marchi, G.; Giachetti, C.; Gennaro, P.D. Extending lead-user theory to online brand communities: The case of the community Ducati. Technovation 2011, 31, 350–361. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Von Hippel, E. Free Innovation; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Von Hippel, E. Horizontal innovation networks—By and for users. Ind. Corp. Chang. 2007, 16, 293–315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morrison, P.D.; Roberts, J.H.; Von Hippel, E. Determinants of User Innovation and Innovation Sharing in a Local Market. Manag. Sci. 2000, 46, 1513. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hau, Y.S.; Kim, Y.-G. Why would online gamers share their innovation-conducive knowledge in the online game user community? Integrating individual motivations and social capital perspectives. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2011, 27, 956–970. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yoshida, D.; Miyazawa, J.-I.; Takahashi, S. Role of community in user innovation generation and diffusion—Focusing on non-brand communities in the mountain climbing market. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 2014, 88, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lakhani, K.R.; Von Hippel, E. How open source software works: “free” user-to-user assistance. Res. Policy 2003, 32, 923–943. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hyysalo, S.; Juntunen, J.K.; Freeman, S. Internet Forums and the Rise of the Inventive Energy User. Sci. Technol. Stud. 2013, 26, 25–51. [Google Scholar]
- Jeppesen, L.B.; Frederiksen, L. Why Do Users Contribute to Firm-Hosted User Communities? The Case of Computer-Controlled Music Instruments. Organ. Sci. 2006, 17, 45–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kohler, T.; Matzler, K.; Füller, J. Avatar-based innovation: Using virtual worlds for real-world innovation. Technovation 2009, 29, 395–407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bretschneider, U.; Leimeister, J.M.; Mathiassen, L. IT-enabled product innovation: Customer motivation for participating in virtual idea communities. IJPD 2015, 20, 126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fayard, A.-L.; Metiu, A. The Role of Writing in Distributed Collaboration. Organ. Sci. 2014, 25, 1391–1413. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hienerth, C. The commercialization of user innovations: The development of the rodeo kayak industry. R D Manag. 2006, 36, 273–294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Jong, J.P.J.; Von Hippel, E.; Gault, F.; Kuusisto, J.; Raasch, C. Market failure in the diffusion of consumer-developed innovations: Patterns in Finland. Res. Policy 2015, 44, 1856–1865. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ogawa, S.; Pongtanalert, K. Exploring Characteristics and Motives of Consumer Innovators: Community Innovators vs. Independent Innovators. Res.-Technol. Manag. 2013, 56, 41–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Jong, J.P.J.; Von Hippel, E. Transfers of user process innovations to process equipment producers: A study of Dutch high-tech firms. Res. Policy 2009, 38, 1181–1191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Di Gangi, P.M.; Wasko, M. Steal my idea! Organizational adoption of user innovations from a user innovation community: A case study of Dell IdeaStorm. Decis. Support Syst. 2009, 48, 303–312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Antikainen, M.; Mäkipää, M.; Ahonen, M. Motivating and supporting collaboration in open innovation. Eur. J. Innov. Manag. 2010, 13, 100–119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- West, R.E.; Hannafin, M.J. Learning to design collaboratively: Participation of student designers in a Community of Innovation. Instr. Sci. 2011, 39, 821–841. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hyysalo, S.; Kohtala, C.; Helminen, P.; Mäkinen, S.; Miettinen, V.; Muurinen, L. Collaborative futuring with and by makers. CoDesign 2014, 10, 209–228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Thomke, S.H. Managing Experimentation in the Design of New Products. Manag. Sci. 1998, 44, 743–762. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Von Hippel, E. Democratizing innovation: The evolving phenomenon of user innovation. J. Betriebswirtsch. 2005, 55, 63–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Füller, J.; Bartl, M.; Ernst, H.; Mühlbacher, H. Community based innovation: How to integrate members of virtual communities into new product development. Electron. Commer. Res. 2006, 6, 57–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bugshan, H. Co-innovation: The role of online communities. J. Strateg. Mark. 2015, 23, 175–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, Y. Consumer user innovation in Korea: An international comparison and policy implications. Asian J. Technol. Innov. 2015, 23, 69–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hienerth, C.; Lettl, C. Exploring How Peer Communities Enable Lead User Innovations to Become Standard Equipment in the Industry: Community Pull Effects. J. Prod. Innov. Manag. 2011, 28, 175–195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ardichvili, A. Learning and Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities of Practice: Motivators, Barriers, and Enablers. Adv. Dev. Hum. Resour. 2008, 10, 541–554. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bogers, M.; Horst, W. Collaborative Prototyping: Cross-Fertilization of Knowledge in Prototype-Driven Problem Solving. J. Prod. Innov. Manag. 2014, 31, 744–764. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Vries, G.; Boon, W.P.C.; Peine, A. User-technology interactions in the construction of user-driven configurations–lessons from Dutch civic energy communities. Innov. Stud. Utrecht Work. Pap. Ser. 2015, 15, 1–32. [Google Scholar]
- Faraj, S.; Jarvenpaa, S.L.; Majchrzak, A. Knowledge Collaboration in Online Communities. Organ. Sci. 2011, 22, 1224–1239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fleming, L.; Waguespack, D.M. Brokerage, Boundary Spanning, and Leadership in Open Innovation Communities. Organ. Sci. 2007, 18, 165–180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Frey, K.; Lüthje, C.; Haag, S. Whom Should Firms Attract to Open Innovation Platforms? The Role of Knowledge Diversity and Motivation. Long Range Plan. 2011, 44, 397–420. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Li, D. Testing the moderating effects of toolkits and user communities in personalization: The case of social networking service. Decis. Support Syst. 2013, 55, 31–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jeppesen, L.B.; Laursen, K. The role of lead users in knowledge sharing. Res. Policy 2009, 38, 1582–1589. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Frey, K.; Lüthje, C. Antecedents and Consequences of Interaction Quality in Virtual End-User Communities. Creat. Innov. Manag. 2011, 20, 22–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bullinger, A.C.; Neyer, A.-K.; Rass, M.; Möslein, K.M. Community-Based Innovation Contests: Where Competition Meets Cooperation. Creat. Innov. Manag. 2010, 19, 290–303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Von Hippel, E.; Von Krogh, G. Open Source Software and the “Private-Collective” Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science. Organ. Sci. 2003, 14, 209–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Von Hippel, E. Innovation by user communities: Learning from open-source software. MIT Sloan Manag. Rev. 2001, 42, 82. [Google Scholar]
- Kozinets, R.V. Netnography: Redefined, 2nd ed.; Sage: Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Kozinets, R.V. The Field Behind the Screen: Using Netnography for Marketing Research in Online Communities. J. Mark. Res. 2002, 39, 61–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Krippendorff, K. Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology; Sage: Los Angeles, CA, USA; London, UK; New Delhi, India; Singapore, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Wooldridge, J.M. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Kozinets, R.V. Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online; Sage: London, UK, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Gebauer, J.; Füller, J.; Pezzei, R. The dark and the bright side of co-creation: Triggers of member behavior in online innovation communities. J. Bus. Res. 2013, 66, 1516–1527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- OpenEnergyMonitor Community. OpenEnergyMonitor—Main Page. 2017. Available online: https://wiki.openenergymonitor.org/index.php/Main_Page (accessed on 11 November 2018).
- Megni Energy Monitoring. Megni, Energy Monitoring. 2017. Available online: https://megni.co.uk/ (accessed on 18 October 2017).
- Autio, E.; Dahlander, L.; Frederiksen, L. Information Exposure, Opportunity Evaluation, and Entrepreneurial Action: An Investigation of an Online User Community. Acad. Manag. J. 2013, 56, 1348–1371. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shah, S.K.; Tripsas, M. The accidental entrepreneur: The emergent and collective process of user entrepreneurship. Strat. Entrep. J. 2007, 1, 123–140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amabile, T.M. The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 1983, 45, 357–376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Franke, N.; von Hippel, E.; Schreier, M. Finding Commercially Attractive User Innovations: A Test of Lead-User Theory. J. Prod. Innov. Manag. 2006, 23, 301–315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- O’brien, R.M. A Caution Regarding Rules of Thumb for Variance Inflation Factors. Qual. Quant. 2007, 41, 673–690. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wasko, M.; Faraj, S. “It is what one does”: Why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. J. Strateg. Inf. Syst. 2000, 9, 155–173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Von Hippel, E.; Von Krogh, G. Free revealing and the private-collective model for innovation incentives. R D Manag. 2006, 36, 295–306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Franke, N.; Schirg, F.; Reinsberger, K. The frequency of end-user innovation: A re-estimation of extant findings. Res. Policy 2016, 45, 1684–1689. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sussan, F.; Acs, Z.J. The digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. Small Bus. Econ. 2017, 49, 55–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nambisan, S.; Lyytinen, K.; Majchrzak, A.; Song, M. Digital Innovation Management: Reinventing Innovation Management Research in a Digital World. Manag. Inf. Syst. Q. 2017, 41, 223–238. Available online: https://aisel.aisnet.org/misq/vol41/iss1/13 (accessed on 11 November 2018). [CrossRef]
- Yoo, Y.; Henfridsson, O.; Lyytinen, K. Research Commentary—The New Organizing Logic of Digital Innovation: An Agenda for Information Systems Research. Inf. Syst. Res. 2010, 21, 724–735. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lucas, H.C.; Goh, J.M. Disruptive technology: How Kodak missed the digital photography revolution. J. Strateg. Inf. Syst. 2009, 18, 46–55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moreau, F. The disruptive nature of digitization: The case of the recorded music industry. Int. J. Arts Manag. 2012, 15, 18–31. [Google Scholar]
- Harrison, D.; Waluszewski, A. The development of a user network as a way to re-launch an unwanted product. Res. Policy 2008, 37, 115–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hienerth, C.; Lettl, C.; Keinz, P. Synergies among Producer Firms, Lead Users, and User Communities: The Case of the LEGO Producer-User Ecosystem. J. Prod. Innov. Manag. 2014, 31, 848–866. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Christensen, K.; Nørskov, S.; Frederiksen, L.; Scholderer, J. In Search of New Product Ideas: Identifying Ideas in Online Communities by Machine Learning and Text Mining. Creat. Innov. Manag. 2017, 26, 17–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Variable | Description | Values/Range | Coding |
---|---|---|---|
COLLINNO | A collaborative product development process was started in the respective thread | 0 = no; 1 = yes | manually |
HELP | Needing help with a specific problem. | 0 = no; 1 = yes | manually |
REQFEED | Sharing a partially developed product or idea with the intention to receive feedback. | 0 = no; 1 = yes | manually |
PROVFEED | Supplying feedback to a component or feature developed by the community. | 0 = no; 1 = yes | manually |
INFO | Providing general (usually external) information without formulating an expectation of a community response. | 0 = no; 1 = yes | manually |
SHAREDEV | Sharing a product development to inform without a request for community response. | 0 = no; 1 = yes | manually |
CALLACT | Formulating a specific idea or problem, asking the community to develop a solution. | 0 = no; 1 = yes | manually |
LENGTH | Number of posts in a thread. | 0–872 | automated |
NUMUSER | Number of individual users that engaged in a thread. | 1–60 | automated |
ASSIST | Average willingness to assist of all users engaged in the thread. Willingness to assist is measured as the percentage of posts a user posted in threads not started by himself. | 0–0.98 | automated |
ACTIVITYPOSTS | Average activity level of all users engaged in the thread. Activity level is measured as the number of posts by a user overall, divided by the number of days spend in the community. | 0.000768–2 | automated |
ACTIVTYTHREADS | Average activity level of all users engaged in the thread. Activity level is measured as the number of threads started by a user, divided by the number of days spend in the community. | 0.000946–1.007348 | automated |
INNO | Average innovativeness of all users engaged in a thread. User innovativeness is measured by the number of threads in which a user has contributed to the development process in a significant way divided by the number of threads the user has participated in overall. | 0–0.76 | automated |
Variable | N | Mean | SD | Min | Max | VIF 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. COLLINNO | 1887 | 0.276 | 0.447 | 0 | 1 | 1.17 |
2. HELP | 1887 | 0.59 | 0.492 | 0 | 1 | 1.09 |
3. DEVSHARE | 1887 | 0.057 | 0.232 | 0 | 1 | 1.1 |
4. FEEDASK | 1887 | 0.186 | 0.389 | 0 | 1 | 1.08 |
5. FEEDGIVE | 1887 | 0.07 | 0.256 | 0 | 1 | 1.05 |
6. INFO | 1887 | 0.069 | 0.253 | 0 | 1 | 2.92 |
7 CALLACT | 1887 | 0.028 | 0.164 | 0 | 1 | 3.18 |
8. LENGTH | 1887 | 8.053 | 26.356 | 1 | 872 | 1.67 |
9. NUMUSER | 1887 | 3.045 | 3.103 | 1 | 60 | 1.49 |
10. ASSIST | 1887 | 0.597 | 0.242 | 0 | 0.979 | 1.62 |
11. ACTLEVELPOSTS | 1887 | 0.435 | 0.391 | 0.002 | 2.382 | 1.23 |
12. ACTLEVELTHREADS | 1887 | 0.053 | 0.142 | 0.001 | 1.008 | 1.17 |
13. INNO | 1887 | 0.136 | 0.116 | 0 | 1 | 1.09 |
Variables | (1) COLLINNO | (2) COLLINNO | (3) COLLINNO |
---|---|---|---|
SHAREDEV | 0.952 *** | 0.133 | −0.444 |
(0.214) | (0.301) | (0.313) | |
REQFEED | 1.178 *** | 1.241 *** | 1.148 *** |
(0.133) | (0.154) | (0.162) | |
PROVFEED | 1.709 *** | 2.152 *** | 1.710 *** |
(0.191) | (0.211) | (0.219) | |
INFO | −0.283 | −0.483 | −0.854 ** |
(0.260) | (0.436) | (0.408) | |
CALLACT | 1.952 *** | 2.018 *** | 1.802 *** |
(0.295) | (0.346) | (0.390) | |
LENGTH | 0.0629 *** | 0.0676 *** | |
(0.0151) | (0.0154) | ||
NUMUSER | 0.501 *** | 0.410 *** | |
(0.0679) | (0.0669) | ||
ASSIST | 2.483 *** | ||
(0.371) | |||
ACTIVITYPOSTS | −0.586 *** | ||
(0.209) | |||
ACTIVITYTHREADS | 1.522 ** | ||
(0.636) | |||
INNO | 2.402 *** | ||
(0.575) | |||
Constant | −1.482 *** | −3.449 *** | −4.851 *** |
(0.0772) | (0.208) | (0.287) | |
Observations | 1887 | 1887 | 1887 |
Log likelihood | −1024 | −784.7 | −750.8 |
Pseudo R2 | 0.0785 | 0.294 | 0.324 |
Wald χ2 (Δdf) | 167.6 (5) | 212.5 (7) | 285.8 (11) |
Wald p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
LR-Test statistic (p-value) | - | 478.05 (<0.0001) | 67.65 (<0.0001) |
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Grosse, M.; Pohlisch, J.; Korbel, J.J. Triggers of Collaborative Innovation in Online User Communities. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2018, 4, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4040059
Grosse M, Pohlisch J, Korbel JJ. Triggers of Collaborative Innovation in Online User Communities. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2018; 4(4):59. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4040059
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrosse, Matti, Jakob Pohlisch, and Jakob J. Korbel. 2018. "Triggers of Collaborative Innovation in Online User Communities" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 4, no. 4: 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4040059