J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex., Volume 2, Issue 1 (March 2016) – 6 articles

Innovation plays a critical role in predicting the long-term survival of organizations, determining an organization’s success and sustaining its global competitiveness, especially in an environment where technologies, competitive position and customer demands can change almost overnight, and where the life-cycle of products and services are becoming shorter. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to extend the existing knowledge as to the relationship between TQM practices and innovation performance by exploring the expected role of innovation capability as mediator to enhance this relationship. At the same time, this study attempted to shed a light on how to improve innovation performance of manufacturing companies in Malaysia. The gained results indicated that innovation capability mediates the relationship between TQM practices and innovation performance. More importantly, this study supports the findings of the past studies that questioned the role of TQM practices in improving innovation performance. Finally, in light of the obtained results, several recommendations were introduced to assist decision makers in manufacturing companies. Full article

This study analyzes the effects of R&D activities and government support programs for the product innovation of service industry. With the advent of the knowledge based society, the technology innovation of the service industry has become an important source of national competitiveness. However, the studies on technology innovation have focused on manufacturing industry not the service industry. This study analyzes how differently R&D activities and the government support programs have influence on product innovation by the size of companies and how the government support programs have a moderate effect in the relationship between the R&D activities and the innovation. The results of the study are as follows; first, in case of large enterprises, both the internal and external R&D activities were proven to be the important elements for product innovation. In case of SMEs, it was analyzed that only the internal R&D activities are significant. In other words, it was found that internal R&D activities are the important factors of product innovation for both big companies and SMEs. Second, only the direct financial support for SMEs had a positive effect on product innovation. This can be understood as a result relative to the effectiveness and necessity of direct financial support to SMEs' product innovation. Third, in the case of the moderating effect of the government support programs, the programs that provide indirect opportunity for innovation had the positive moderating effects only for SMEs. In conclusion, internal R&D activities were proved to be an important factor of product innovation for both large enterprises and SMEs. And government support programs have had a significant effect only in the case of SMEs. To have an impact on the moderated effect of the government support programs for SMEs, the internal R&D activities were confirmed. This study supports the direction of establishing SMEs support policies in the prospect of service sector innovation. Full article

Although ethical standards and procedures for research in Korea have developed closer to global standards, applying those standards and procedures have led significant conflicts widely due to the cultural differences. In Korea where relationship-centered East Asian values are crucial, it is difficult for ‘internal whistleblowing’ and ‘conflicts of interest management’ to function properly. At universities, it is difficult to form an equal relationship to have a free discussion between professors and students. Also, the research community has been influenced by side effects such as ‘respect for quantity and speed’, ‘excessive competition’, and ‘mammonism’ that have permeated Korean society during its modernization process. Students have taken such values for granted, too. These circumstances disable research ethics system to function properly and have negative influence on organization development by discouraging open innovation. In this context, how can we educate students to follow the global standards as well as dealing with conflicts derived from cultural differences wisely? I propose that the overarching principle of research ethics education should not be a ‘delivery of knowledge’ but be a ‘change in the way of thinking’. In this paper, five-stage education is proposed. As education methods, discussing of dilemma cases, avoiding remote online education and leading the whole team teaching classes by one head lecturer are recommended. In addition, classroom education should be provided together with social education to change the students’ ways of thinking.
As for social education, self-effort of universities and operational behaviour of research laboratories are two most important aspects. The government should establish legislation and expand financial support to facilitate these changes. It is very important that the universities should become key drivers that purify their member societies so that the nation may prosper. Full article

In order to develop Asia-Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP), it is necessary to respond various kind of accountabilities around research environment as well as research capacity and international reputation. APCTP, the case of this research, has achieved its goal through proper handling of managerial and institutional problems. Simplifying complicated program structure and enhancing efficiency in the managerial level and the stable position of secretary being able to excise practical authority in the institutional level have been based for the sustainable development. While the lack of legal support limited to enhance international reputation, bottomup building of APCTP and volunteer participations and efforts of researchers made good performance as a research platform considering its budget. The previous and present government’s emphases on basic research and regional government’s support took positive effects to the development of APCTP as international research institute and will provide real help for international reputation in the near future. This paper investigated difficulties around APCTP and their solutions for the sustainable development in terms of technical, managerial and institutional level regarding the open innovation aspect. Full article

The aim of this paper is to explore the scope of coaching in the context of organizational change considering peculiar issues associated with the use of coaching in Latvia and Lithuania.
This two-stage study seeks to answer the following research questions. How is coaching defined? What is the aim of coaching? Who are involved in coaching? What coaching outcomes are expected? During the first stage, the definitions of coaching are extracted from the literature and analyzed to identify the distinctive features of coaching. During the second stage, the experts are interviewed to explore the views of practitioners in coaching about a place of coaching in organizations. Literature review, content analysis and comparative analysis are used for the purposes of this study. Triangulation of research results is obtained through cross verification from two sources. A total of 41 definitions of coaching were extracted from the literature and taken for analysis. Based on the established criteria for selection, nine experts participated in an interview.
As a result, content analysis and comparative analysis have revealed that coaching is defined as a regular, synergetic, learning and development, goal-oriented process. Facilitation is a primary aim of coaching. Coaching is more beneficial for people who provide decisions. Achieved results and personal growth is considered as the key expected coaching outcomes. Coaching provides greater goal clarity, better alignment with the roles in the organization. However, the possible threats and challenges, such as stereotype and misunderstanding, lack of systematic approach to coaching engagements as well as its alignment with organizational change needs, have also been detected. It is difficult to explain how effective coaching can be because coaching is not homogeneous and it is difficult to measure the results of coaching. Full article

Purpose: This research seeks to answer the basic question, “How can we build up the formula to estimate the proper royalty rate and up-front payment using the data I can get simply as input?” This paper suggests a way to estimate the proper royalty rate and up-front payment using a formula derived from the regression of historical royalty dataset.
Design/methodology/approach: This research analyzes the dataset, including the royalty-related data like running royalty rate (back-end payments) and up-front payment (up-front fee + milestones), regarding drug candidates for specific drug classes, like anticancer or cardiovascular, by regression analysis. Then, the formula to predict royalty-related data is derived using the attrition rate for the corresponding development phase of the drug candidate for the license deal and the revenue data of the license buyer (licensee). Lastly, the relationship between the formula to predict royalty-related data and the expected net present value is investigated.
Findings: For the anticancer (antineoplastics) and cardiovascular drug classes, the formula to predict the royalty rate and up-front payment is as follows.
X = (Attrition Rate * Licensee Revenue)/100

< Drug Class : Anticancer activity candidates >

Royalty Rate = (1 + a * X)/(b+ c * X)
= (1 + –5.14147E‐09*X)/(0.128436559 +–6.37E–10 * X) (1)

Upfront payment (Up‐front + Milestones) = (a + X)/(b + c * X)
= (–133620928.7 + X)/(–3.990489631 + 2.04191E–08 * X) (2)

X = (Attrition Rate * Licensee Revenue)/100


< Drug Class : Cardiovascular activity drug candidates >

Royalty Rate = y0 + a/X + b/X²
=9.26e + 0 + (−8.528 + 5)/X + 1.744e + 10/X² (3)

Upfront payment (Up‐front + Milestone) = y0 +ax + bx²
= 7.103e + 6 + (–3.990489631) * X + (–1.536e–12) * X² (4)

In the case of Equations Equation 2 and Equation 4, it is statistically meaningful (R2: 039–0.41); however, in the case of Equations Equation 1 and Equation 3, it has a weak relationship (R2: 022–0.28), thus requiring further study.
Research limitations/implications (if applicable): This research is limited to the relationship between two drug classes—anticancer (antineoplastics) and cardiovascular—and royalty-related data.
Practical implications (if applicable): Valuation for the drug candidate within a specific drug class can be possible, and the royalty rate can be a variable according to drug class and licensee revenue. Full article