Optimisation of Biomass Production and Nutritional Value of Two Marine Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros calcitrans
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Culture Medium Optimisation
2.2. Culture Monitoring
2.3. Biochemical Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Culture Optimisation
3.1.1. Silicate Trials
3.1.2. Nitrate Trials
3.1.3. Phosphate Trials
3.1.4. Iron Trials
3.1.5. Micronutrients Trials
3.2. Biochemical Analysis
3.2.1. Proximal Composition
3.2.2. Fatty Acid Profile of Control and Optimised Conditions
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Macronutrients | Metals | Vitamins |
---|---|---|
2 M N | 20 Fe (mM) | 10.4 Thiamine (µM) |
100 mM P | 1 Zn (mM) | 2 Biotin (µM) |
1 Mo (mM) | 2 B12 (µM) | |
1 Mn (mM) | ||
2 Mg (mM) | ||
0.1 Cu (mM) | ||
0.1 Co (mM) |
Trial | Treatments | Silicate (mM) | Nitrate (mM) | Phosphate (µM) | Iron (µM) | Micronutrients (mL L−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Silicate | Tested nutrients | 0.4|0.8|1.2|2.4 | 4 | 200 | 40 | 2 |
Optimised combination | 2.4 | 4 | 200 | 40 | 2 | |
Nitrate | Tested nutrients | 2.4 | 1|2|4|8 | 200 | 40 | 2 |
Optimised combination | 2.4 | 4 | 200 | 40 | 2 | |
Phosphate | Tested nutrients | 2.4 | 4 | 50|100|200|400 | 40 | 2 |
Optimised combination | 2.4 | 4 | 100 | 40 | 2 | |
Iron | Tested nutrients | 2.4 | 4 | 100 | 10|20|40|80 | 2 |
Optimised combination | 2.4 | 4 | 100 | 20 | 2 | |
Micronutrients | Tested nutrients | 2.4 | 4 | 100 | 20 | 0.5|1|2|4 |
Final optimised combination | 2.4 | 4 | 100 | 20 | 0.5 |
Trial | Treatments | Silicate (mM) | Nitrate (mM) | Phosphate (µM) | Iron (µM) | Micronutrients (mL L−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Silicate | Tested nutrients | 0.4|0.8|1.2|2.4 | 4 | 200 | 40 | 2 |
Optimised combination | 1.2 | 4 | 200 | 40 | 2 | |
Nitrate | Tested nutrients | 1.2 | 1|2|4|8 | 200 | 40 | 2 |
Optimised combination | 1.2 | 4 | 200 | 40 | 2 | |
Phosphate | Tested nutrients | 1.2 | 4 | 50|100|200|400 | 40 | 2 |
Optimised combination | 1.2 | 4 | 100 | 40 | 2 | |
Iron | Tested nutrients | 1.2 | 4 | 100 | 10|20|40|80 | 2 |
Optimised combination | 1.2 | 4 | 100 | 80 | 2 | |
Micronutrients | Tested nutrients | 1.2 | 4 | 100 | 80 | 0.5|1|2|4 |
Final optimised combination | 1.2 | 4 | 100 | 80 | 0.5 |
Fatty Acids (%) | Skeletonema costatum (C) | Skeletonema costatum (O) | Chaetoceros calcitrans (C) | Chaetoceros calcitrans (O) |
---|---|---|---|---|
(C14:0) | 31.4 ± 3.8 | 17.3 ± 0.3 | 15.8 ± 1.2 | 13.1 ± 1.1 |
(C16:0) | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 0.0 | 32.9 ± 1.1 | 20.6 ± 1.6 |
(C18:0) | n.d. | n.d. | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.1 |
∑SFA | 36.3 ± 7.4 a | 18.9 ± 2.8 b | 50.3 ± 0.5 a | 34.4 ± 0.8 b |
(C16:1) | 40.9 ± 2.9 | 23.6 ± 1.4 | 27.2 ± 1.0 | 32.9 ± 0.7 |
(C18:1) | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.5 |
∑MUFA | 42.2 ± 4.3 a | 24.9 ± 1.4 b | 31.8 ± 0.6 b | 35.7 ± 0.6 a |
(C18:4) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | n.d. | n.d. |
(C16:4) | 6.6 ± 2.4 | 20.1 ± 0.5 | n.d. | n.d. |
(C16:3) | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 6.5 ± 0.1 | 6.1 ± 0.5 | 9.2± 2.6 |
(C20:5) | 8.9 ± 5.6 | 22.2 ± 1.3 | 10.5 ± 0.6 | 18.8 ± 2.3 |
(C22:6) | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 |
∑PUFA | 21.6 ± 11.1 b | 56.2 ± 1.4 a | 17.7 ± 0.3 b | 29.9 ± 0.5 a |
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Bastos, C.R.V.; Maia, I.B.; Pereira, H.; Navalho, J.; Varela, J.C.S. Optimisation of Biomass Production and Nutritional Value of Two Marine Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros calcitrans. Biology 2022, 11, 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11040594
Bastos CRV, Maia IB, Pereira H, Navalho J, Varela JCS. Optimisation of Biomass Production and Nutritional Value of Two Marine Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros calcitrans. Biology. 2022; 11(4):594. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11040594
Chicago/Turabian StyleBastos, Carolina R. V., Inês B. Maia, Hugo Pereira, João Navalho, and João C. S. Varela. 2022. "Optimisation of Biomass Production and Nutritional Value of Two Marine Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros calcitrans" Biology 11, no. 4: 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11040594