Glyoxalase-I Is Upregulated in Acute Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis: A New Mechanism in Pancreatic Inflammation?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Experiments
2.2. Cell Culture and Cerulein Treatment
2.3. Immunohistochemistry
2.4. qRT-PCR
2.5. Western Blot Analysis
2.6. Measurement of Specific Glo-I Activity
2.7. Measurement of Amylase Secretion, TNF-α and MGO by ELISA
2.8. Glo-I Plasmid Generation
2.9. Transfection
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Glo-I Is Upregulated in CN-Induced AP in Mice
3.2. Glo-I and RAGE Expression in AR42J Cells
3.3. CN Induced Glo-I, RAGE, NF-κB and TNF-α
3.4. Pharmacological Modulation of Glo-I Attenuated CN-Induced Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Markers
3.5. Glo-I Overexpression Reduced CN-Induced Increase of NF-κB, RAGE and Amylase
3.6. Effects of Pharmacological Modulation and Overexpression of Glo-I Are Mediated via Regulation of MGO
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AGE | advanced glycation end-products |
AB | antibody |
AP | acute pancreatitis |
bw | body weight |
BrBz | BrBzGSHCP2 (S-p-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester) |
CN | cerulein |
DAB | Diaminobenzidin |
DAMP | damage-associated molecular pattern |
Dexa | dexamethasone |
EP | ethyl pyruvate |
FCS | fetal calf serum |
Glo-I | Glyoxalase-I |
Glo-II | Glyoxalase-II |
GSH | L-gluthatione |
MGO | methylglyoxal |
NLRP3 | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 |
P/S | penicillin and streptomycin |
PVDF | polyvinylidene fluoride |
qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
RAGE | receptor for advanced glycation end-products |
ROS | oxidative stress |
SDS-PAGE | sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
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Hollenbach, M.; Sonnenberg, S.; Sommerer, I.; Lorenz, J.; Hoffmeister, A. Glyoxalase-I Is Upregulated in Acute Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis: A New Mechanism in Pancreatic Inflammation? Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1574. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101574
Hollenbach M, Sonnenberg S, Sommerer I, Lorenz J, Hoffmeister A. Glyoxalase-I Is Upregulated in Acute Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis: A New Mechanism in Pancreatic Inflammation? Antioxidants. 2021; 10(10):1574. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101574
Chicago/Turabian StyleHollenbach, Marcus, Sebastian Sonnenberg, Ines Sommerer, Jana Lorenz, and Albrecht Hoffmeister. 2021. "Glyoxalase-I Is Upregulated in Acute Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis: A New Mechanism in Pancreatic Inflammation?" Antioxidants 10, no. 10: 1574. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101574