Phylogenetic Identification, Diversity, and Richness of Aspergillus from Homes in Havana, Cuba
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fungal Isolates
2.2. Sampling Procedure
2.3. Monosporic Culture Procedure
2.4. Macro- and Micromorphology
2.5. Obtaining DNA
2.6. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.7. Richness, Abundance, and Diversity of Species
3. Results
3.1. Phenotypic Identification
3.2. Phylogenetic Analysis
3.3. Richness, Abundance, and Diversity of Species
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Municipality | Origin | Isolate |
---|---|---|
Cerro | Outdoor air | CCMFBH-835, CCMFBH-836, CCMFBH-837, CCMFBH-838, CCMFBH-841, CCMFBH-842, CCMFBH-843, CCMFBH-844, CCMFBH-845, CCMFBH-846, CCMFBH-847, CCMFBH-852, CCMFBH-853, CCMFBH-854, CCMFBH-855, CCMFBH-856, CCMFBH-857, CCMFBH-858, CCMFBH-860, CCMFBH-863, CCMFBH-864, CCMFBH-868, CCMFBH-869 |
Arroyo Naranjo | Outdoor air | CCMFBH-878, CCMFBH-879, CCMFBH-886, CCMFBH-887, CCMFBH-891, CCMFBH-892, CCMFBH-898, CCMFBH-899 |
Cerro | Indoor air | CCMFBH-839, CCMFBH-848, CCMFBH-849, CCMFBH-850, CCMFBH-859, CCMFBH-861, CCMFBH-862, CCMFBH-866, CCMFBH-867, CCMFBH-870, CCMFBH-871, CCMFBH-872, CCMFBH-873, CCMFBH-874, CCMFBH-899, CCMFBH-900, CCMFBH-901, CCMFBH-902, CCMFBH-903, CCMFBH-904, CCMFBH-905, CCMFBH-906, CCMFBH-907, CCMFBH-908, CCMFBH-909, CCMFBH-911, CCMFBH-912, CCMFBH-913, CCMFBH-914, CCMFBH-919, CCMFBH-920, CCMFBH-921, CCMFBH-922, CCMFBH-923, CCMFBH-924 CCMFBH-925, CCMFBH-926, CCMFBH-940, CCMFBH-941, CCMFBH-942, CCMFBH-944, CCMFBH-945, CCMFBH-946, CCMFBH-947, CCMFBH-948, CCMFBH-949, CCMFBH-950, CCMFBH-951, CCMFBH-952 |
Arroyo Naranjo | Indoor air | CCMFBH-875, CCMFBH-876, CCMFBH-880, CCMFBH-881, CCMFBH-883, CCMFBH-884, CCMFBH-885, CCMFBH-888, CCMFBH-889, CCMFBH-890, CCMFBH-893, CCMFBH-895, CCMFBH-896, CCMFBH-916, CCMFBH-917, CCMFBH-918, CCMFBH-927, CCMFBH-928, CCMFBH-929, CCMFBH-930, CCMFBH-932, CCMFBH-933, CCMFBH-934, CCMFBH-935, CCMFBH-936, CCMFBH-937, CCMFBH-938, CCMFBH-939, CCMFBH-953, CCMFBH-954, CCMFBH-955, CCMFBH-996, CCMFBH-997, CCMFBH-1000, CCMFBH-1001 |
Cerro | Dust | CCMFBH-965, CCMFBH-966, CCMFBH-967, CCMFBH-968, CCMFBH-969, CCMFBH-970, CCMFBH-971, CCMFBH-972, CCMFBH-973, CCMFBH-974, CCMFBH-975, CCMFBH-976, CCMFBH-977, CCMFBH-978 |
Arroyo Naranjo | Dust | CCMFBH-979, CCMFBH-980, CCMFBH-981, CCMFBH-982, CCMFBH-983, CCMFBH-984, CCMFBH-985, CCMFBH-986, CCMFBH-987, CCMFBH-988, CCMFBH-989, CCMFBH-990, CCMFBH-992, CCMFBH-993, CCMFBH-994, CCMFBH-995 |
Cerro | Walls | CCMFBH-956, CCMFBH-958 |
Arroyo Naranjo | Walls | CCMFBH-959, CCMFBH-960, CCMFBH-961, CCMFBH-962, CCMFBH-963, CCMFBH-964 |
Section | Macro- and Micromorphological Characteristics |
---|---|
Versicolores | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Variable coloration, greenish, turquoise, yellowish, and radially sulcate; velutinous texture; tawny olive to orange cinnamon reverse, vinaceous or brown or scarlet; moderate to abundant exudate, clear to yellowish to reddish-brown, reddish-brown soluble pigment. Biseriate conidial heads, radiate, globose to subglobose conidia, rough to prickly. |
Usti | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Blond/greyish-yellow; floccose texture; yellow reverse with a beige center. Biseriate, predominantly pyriform vesicles, globose conidia, very rough ornamentation, with an inner and outer visible wall. |
Flavi | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Green olive, brown olive, greenish-brown, brownish yellow; woolly or floccose texture; colorless, light brown or orange reverse. Presence of brown sclerotia in some isolates. Biseriate and uniseriate conidial heads, radiated to columnar; rough, colorless stipe, globose to ellipsoidal conidia, rough in some isolates. |
Aspergillus | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Sulfur yellow mycelium; floccose texture; luteous to ochreous reverse. Uniseriate conidial heads, Ascomata Eurotium-like, cleistothecial, superficial, yellow, globose to subglobose. Ascospores hyaline, globose to subglobose in surface view. |
Cremei | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Greyish-yellow, smooth texture; brownish-cream reverse. Biseriate, radiated conidial heads separated into columns, smooth and colorless wall stipe, globose or subglobose conidia, smooth to rough. |
Fumigati | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Greyish-turquoise; velutinous texture; creamy reverse. Uniseriate, predominantly pyriform vesicles, grey to blue-green conidia. |
Clavati | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Blue-green or pale blue-green; velvety texture; uncolored or dull tan reverse. Presence of exudates in some isolates but no soluble pigments. Uniseriate conidiophores with blue-green conidia, hyaline conidiophore stipes, and clavate aspergilla. |
Nigri | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Brown to black; floccose texture, sulcate; beige to cream-yellow, brown, dark grey, uncolored to yellow reverse. Uniseriate or biseriate, spherical vesicles, smooth stipes, rough dark globose, finely rough, or finely spiny conidia. |
Candidi | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Light cream; submerged texture; light brown reverse. Biseriate conidial heads, radiate, thick-walled conidiophores, septate, elongated vesicles, small conidia globose to subglobose, slightly roughened. |
Flavipedes | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Yellowish white; floccose surface texture; brown to dark brown reverse. Biseriate conidiophores, radiate, elongated or subglobose vesicles, globose to subglobose conidia, smooth to finely roughened. |
Circumdati | Colony on CYA, 25 °C, 7 days: Yellow to ochre colonies, cream, or pale yellow; smooth texture; yellow, orange, or cream reverse. Presence of pink to purple-brown sclerotia in some isolates. Predominantly biseriate, rough stems, smooth or finely rough globose conidia. |
Municipality | Simpson Index | Shannon Index |
---|---|---|
Cerro | 0.0864 | −1.6688 |
Arroyo Naranjo | 0.0930 | −1.1638 |
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Sánchez Espinosa, K.C.; Almaguer Chávez, M.; Duarte-Escalante, E.; Rojas Flores, T.I.; Frías-De-León, M.G.; Reyes-Montes, M.d.R. Phylogenetic Identification, Diversity, and Richness of Aspergillus from Homes in Havana, Cuba. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010115
Sánchez Espinosa KC, Almaguer Chávez M, Duarte-Escalante E, Rojas Flores TI, Frías-De-León MG, Reyes-Montes MdR. Phylogenetic Identification, Diversity, and Richness of Aspergillus from Homes in Havana, Cuba. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(1):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010115
Chicago/Turabian StyleSánchez Espinosa, Kenia C., Michel Almaguer Chávez, Esperanza Duarte-Escalante, Teresa Irene Rojas Flores, María Guadalupe Frías-De-León, and María del Rocío Reyes-Montes. 2021. "Phylogenetic Identification, Diversity, and Richness of Aspergillus from Homes in Havana, Cuba" Microorganisms 9, no. 1: 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010115