Developments and Prospects of Farmland Application of Biogas Slurry in China—A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Composition of Biogas Slurry
3. Advance in Farmland Consumption of Biogas Slurry
3.1. Advantages of Using Biogas Slurry in Farmland
3.1.1. Soil Fertilization
3.1.2. Improvement in Crop Production
3.1.3. Quality Improvement
3.1.4. Bacteriostatic
3.1.5. Prevention and Control of Soil Acidification
3.1.6. Improved Microbial Structure and Soil Enzyme Activity
3.2. Approaches of Using Biogas Slurry in Farmland
3.2.1. Seed Soaking
3.2.2. Foliar Fertilizer Using Biogas Slurry
3.2.3. Base Fertilizer Using Biogas Slurry
3.2.4. Top Dressing Fertilizer Using Biogas Slurry
3.2.5. Hydroponics
3.2.6. Animal Feed
3.3. Application Methods of Using Biogas Slurry in Farmland
3.3.1. Drip Irrigation
3.3.2. Ditch Irrigation and Flood Irrigation
3.3.3. Spraying Application
3.3.4. Combine Application
3.4. Challenges of Using Biogas Slurry in Farmland
3.4.1. Water Environment
3.4.2. Soil Environment
3.4.3. Nitrogen in BS and the Atmospheric Environment
3.4.4. BS Application and Crop Safety
4. Conclusions and Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element in Biogas Slurry | PM | DM | CM | MM | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | Average | Range | Average | Range | Average | Range | Average | |
pH | 4.23–9.20 | 7.52 | 6.10–9.20 | 7.75 | 6.77–8.50 | 7.80 | 6.15–8.20 | 7.37 |
TN (mg/L) | 0.80–7280.00 | 1166.71 | 32.00–6500.00 | 1488.59 | 400.00–5700.00 | 3226.13 | 0.04–5900.00 | 1369.31 |
TP (mg/L) | 0.54–2220.50 | 291.60 | 10.00–3700.00 | 561.67 | 49.00–4650.00 | 959.71 | 0.03–3900.00 | 665.90 |
TK (mg/L) | 0.33–8880.00 | 1144.26 | 11.00–9650.00 | 1679.10 | 390.00–4400.00 | 2858.31 | 0.12–3200.00 | 1240.21 |
NH4+-N (mg/L) | 66.53–1800.00 | 597.53 | 80.35–1098.00 | 493.47 | ND | ND | 250.50–787.80 | 519.15 |
NO3−-N (mg/L) | 0.19–472.16 | 67.84 | 0.70–223.70 | 71.53 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
DP (mg/L) | 0.16–1730.00 | 261.40 | 80.00–1860.00 | 416.88 | ND | ND | 0.16–201.10 | 76.68 |
DK (mg/L) | 0.86–5010.00 | 986.47 | 263.20–2500.00 | 1418.33 | ND | ND | 0.84–2316.70 | 764.73 |
Hg (mg/L) | 0–0.167 | 0.028 | 0–0.119 | 0.024 | 0–0.054 | 0.014 | ||
Cd (mg/L) | 0–7.51 | 0.126 | 0–0.190 | 0.039 | 0–4.3 | 0.367 | ||
As (mg/L) | 0–13 | 0.868 | 0.001–4.576 | 0.235 | 0.01–5.21 | 0.548 | ||
Pb (mg/L) | 0–36.07 | 0.710 | 0.008–1.056 | 0.199 | 0–2.430 | 0.345 | ||
Cr (mg/L) | 0–24.18 | 0.657 | 0–3.146 | 0.301 | 0.001–10.18 | 1.085 | ||
Ni (mg/L) | 0–5.85 | 0.317 | 0.027–0.063 | 0.045 | 0.088–0.55 | 0.281 | ||
Cu (mg/L) | 0–99 | 4.50 | 0.02–30.03 | 2.63 | 0–2.12 | 0.78 | ||
Zn (mg/L) | 0–205.43 | 9.11 | 0.1–68.15 | 8.31 | 0–13.94 | 4.06 | ||
Cl (mg/L) | 150–3647.5 | 917.1 | 850.5–963 | 906.8 | 540–1087 | 813.5 | ||
Na (mg/L) | 88.5–559 | 287.1 | 994.45 | 994.45 | 172.29 | 172.29 | ||
Se (mg/L) | 0–0.232 | 0.049 | 0.002–0.022 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.011 | ||
Mn (mg/L) | 0–50.8 | 6.815 | 0.231–124.6 | 61.092 | 0–50.8 | 7.534 | ||
Fe (mg/L) | 0.0014–6.05 | 2.505 | 0.0084–48.3 | 18.56 | 0.0054–13.3 | 4.962 | ||
Mg (mg/L) | 0.0057–253.34 | 109.6 | 0.352–553 | 225.06 | 0.0109–89.46 | 32.82 | ||
Ca (mg/L) | 0.0042–264 | 81.65 | 0.785–769 | 280.8 | 0.0426–96.1 | 61.14 | ||
Oxytetracycline (mg/L) | 0.0001–0.994 | 0.1456 | 0.5748 | 0.5748 | 0.0759–0.4007 | 0.2383 | ||
Tetracycline (mg/L) | 0–0.9821 | 0.0296 | 0.0208–0.5608 | 0.2908 | 0.0289–12.862 | 4.3106 | ||
Chloromycin (mg/L) | 0.0002–0.642 | 0.0415 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
Norfloxacin (mg/L) | 0–0.204 | 0.0191 | 0.0054–0.1189 | 0.0641 | 0.056–0.2048 | 0.1065 | ||
Ciprofloxacin (mg/L) | 0.0002–0.0513 | 0.0052 | 0.016–0.0227 | 0.0183 | 0.005–0.0071 | 0.0058 | ||
Enrofloxacin (mg/L) | 0–0.1513 | 0.0108 | 0.0058–0.089 | 0.0520 | 0.0073–0.0676 | 0.0519 |
Amino Acids | Contents (mg/L) | Amino Acids | Contents (mg/L) | Plant Hormones | Contents (μg/L) | B Vitamins | Contents (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cysteine | 2.92 | Arginine | 0.63 | Indole acetic acid (IAA) | 332 | B1 | 0.089 |
Serine | 2.07 | Proline | 0.58 | Gibberellin (GA4) | 0.857 | B2 | 0.022 |
Threonine | 1.41 | Valine | 0.56 | Gibberellin (GA19) | 1.47 | B6 | 0.530 |
Lysine | 1.05 | Leucine | 0.45 | Gibberellin (GA53) | 0.271 | B11 | 0.078 |
Glycine | 1.01 | Methionine | 0.36 | Cytokinin (iPR) | 0.00194 | B12 | 0.009 |
Tyrosine | 0.88 | Alanine | 0.36 | 8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinoline-2-ketone | 737.5 | ||
Aspartic acid | 0.76 | Phenylalanine | 0.33 | 3,4-dihydroquinoline-2-ketone | 177.5 | ||
Isoleucine | 0.75 | Glutamate | 0.31 | ||||
Histidine | 0.63 |
Slurry Type | Crops | Production Increase Range | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Comparison with Conventional Chemical Fertilizer | Comparison with No Fertilization | |||
PM | Rice | 0.2–20.4% | 1.0–102.5% | [61,74,75,76,77,78,79,80] |
Wheat | 2.9–22.4% | 97.1–217.5% | [74,76] | |
Corn | 0.6% | 5.6–13.2% | [81,82] | |
Barley | 1.1–2.0% | 31.9–111.9% | [83] | |
Watermelon | 0.2–24.9% | ND | [84,85,86] | |
Pear | 12.0% | 3.1–7.4% | [87,88] | |
Grape | ND | 10.7–18.3% | [89] | |
Peach | ND | 9.7–43.7% | [90] | |
Cabbage | ND | 75.4–133.9% | [91] | |
Tea | ND | 9.3–93.4% | [92] | |
DM | Corn | ND | 59.2–81.7% | [70] |
Melon | 8.8–32.2% | 8.6–33.0% | [93,94,95] | |
Grape | 30.0–170.0% | ND | [96] | |
CM | Corn | 9.0–26.2% | 12.9–107.7% | [63,64] |
Apple | 2.0–3.5% | 42.8–67.0% | [97] | |
Leafy vegetables | 9.1–45.1% | 45.1% | [98,99,100] | |
MM | Rice | 4.6–7.7% | 4.1% | [101,102] |
Wheat | ND | 28.2–71.1% | [103] | |
Tomato | 0.49–21.59% | 15.6–39.8% | [104,105] | |
Cabbage | 8.5–41.2% | ND | [106] | |
Tangerine | 11.8–24.8% | 32.4–56.4% | [107,108] |
Soil Type | Crops | Slurry Type | Total Nitrogen Consumption of Slurry (kg/hm2) | Years | Improvement Range of Soil Enzyme Activity | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comparison with No Fertilization | Comparison with Conventional Chemical Fertilizer | ||||||
Yellow loamy paddy soil | Rice–rape | PM | 157.5–694.9 | 3 | Urease 31.8–74.6%, catalase 4.4–85.1%, sucrase 30.4–228.6% | Urease 21.7–61.1%, catalase 19–111%, sucrase 45.4–266.4% | [140] |
Retention paddy soil | Rice–wheat | PM | 210.3–540.9 | 3 | Urease 30.5–79.5%, protease 19.1–41.4%, phosphatase 11.3–29.7%, catalase 6.4–40.1%, sucrase 0.2–39.3%, amylase 53.1–161.4%, cellulase 15.8–104.8%, lactase 30.1–65.2% | Urease 26.7–74.8%, protease 9.1–43.3%, phosphatase 7.3–8.8%, catalase 14.9–30.2%, sucrase 3–49.4%, amylase 28–145.7%, cellulase 38.5–48.3%, lactase 13.3–37.1% | [76] |
Medium loam | Wheat | PM | 60–180 | 1 | Urease 57.5–72.5%, protease 31.7–62.6% | Urease 10.5–21.1%, protease 6–30.1% | [149] |
Red soil | Peanut | PM | 36–240 | 2 | Urease 16.2–62.3%, dehydrogenase 48.6–133.1% | Urease 11.3–24.1%, dehydrogenase 33.8–120.5% | [144] |
Aeolian sandy soil | Grape | DM | 190–1160 | 2 | ND | Urease 41–113.8%, phosphatase 32.4–106.4%, sucrase 62.7–98% | [96] |
ND | Cucumber | (P+C)M | 37.5–150 | 1 | Polyphenol oxidase 13.49–14.75%, cellulase 68.7–71.9%, chitinase 41.0–57.5%, | ND | [150] |
ND | Cabbage | (P+S)M | 504–675 | 3 | ND | Urease 2.4%, protease 95.4–139.7%, phosphatase 50.5–137.6%, invertase 55.7–64.0% | [151] |
Paddy soil | Citrus | (P+D)M | 450 | 4 | ND | Urease 53.8–100.0%, protease 23.1–100.0%, phosphatase 20.2–42.3%, catalase 107.0–127.5%, dehydrogenase 36.6–96.0%, sucrase 47.4–111.8% | [108] |
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Wang, Z.; Sanusi, I.A.; Wang, J.; Ye, X.; Kana, E.B.G.; Olaniran, A.O.; Shao, H. Developments and Prospects of Farmland Application of Biogas Slurry in China—A Review. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2675. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112675
Wang Z, Sanusi IA, Wang J, Ye X, Kana EBG, Olaniran AO, Shao H. Developments and Prospects of Farmland Application of Biogas Slurry in China—A Review. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(11):2675. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112675
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Zichen, Isaac A. Sanusi, Jidong Wang, Xiaomei Ye, Evariste B. Gueguim Kana, Ademola O. Olaniran, and Hongbo Shao. 2023. "Developments and Prospects of Farmland Application of Biogas Slurry in China—A Review" Microorganisms 11, no. 11: 2675. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112675