Solid State Hydrogen Storage in Alanates and Alanate-Based Compounds: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Alanates Based-Systems
2.1. Sodium Alanate NaAlH4
2.2. Lithium Alanate LiAlH4
2.3. Potassium Alanate KAlH4
2.4. Magnesium Alanate Mg(AlH4)2
2.5. Calcium Alanate Ca(AlH4)2
2.6. Strontium Alanate Sr(AlH4)2
2.7. Yttrium Alanate Y(AlH4)3
2.8. Eu Alanate
2.9. Multi-Cation Alanates
2.10. Reactive Hydrides Composites
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Mohatadi, R.; Orimo, S. The renaissance of hydrides as energy materials. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2016, 2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, T.; Pachfule, P.; Wu, H.; Xu, Q.; Chen, P. Hydrogen carriers. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2016, 1, 16059. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bogdanovic, B.; Schwickardi, M. Ti-doped alkali metal aluminium hydrides as potential novel reversible hydrogen storage materials. J. Alloys Compd. 1997, 253–254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ashby, E.; Brendel, G.; Redman, H. Direct synthesis of complex metal hydrides. Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 499–504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Clasen, H. Alanat Synthese aus den Elementen und ihre Bedeutung. Angew. Chem. 1961, 73, 322–331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dymova, T.; Eliseeva, N.; Bakum, S.; Dergachev, Y. Direct synthesis of alkali metal tetrahydroaluminates in melts. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 1974, 125, 1369. [Google Scholar]
- Zaluska, A.; Zaluski, L.; Ström-Olsen, J. Structure, catalysis and atomic reactions on the nano-scale: A systematic approach to metal hydrides for hydrogen storage. Appl. Phys. A 2001, 72, 157–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Von Colbe, J.M.B.; Felderhoff, M.; Bogdanovic, B.; Schuth, F.; Weidenthaler, C. One-step direct synthesis of a Ti-doped sodium alanate hydrogen storage material. Chem. Commun. 2005, 37, 4732–4734. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lauher, J.; Dougherty, D.; Herley, P. Sodium tetrahydroaluminate. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 1979, 35, 1454–1456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hauback, B.; Brinks, H.; Jensen, C.; Murphy, K.; Maeland, A. Neutron diffraction structure determination of NaAlD4. J. Alloys Compd. 2003, 358, 142–145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bogdanović, B.; Eberle, U.; Felderhoff, M.; Schüth, F. Complex aluminum hydrides. Scr. Mater. 2007, 56, 813–816. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mao, J.; Guo, Z.; Leng, H.; Wu, Z.; Guo, Y.; Yu, X.; Liu, H. Reversible hydrogen storage in destabilized LiAlH4-MgH2-LiBH4 ternary-hydride system doped with TiF3. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 26, 11643–11649. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nakagawa, Y.; Ikarashi, Y.; Isobe, S.; Hino, S.; Ohnuki, S. Ammonia borane–metal alanate composites: Hydrogen desorption properties and decomposition processes. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 20626–20631. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bogdanović, B.; Sandrock, G. Catalyzed complex metal hydrides. MRS Bull. 2002, 27, 712–716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ashby, E.; Kobetz, P. The direct synthesis of Na3AlH6. Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 1615–1617. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dilts, J.; Ashby, E. Thermal decomposition of complex metal hydrides. Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 1230–1236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wolverton, C.; Ozoliņš, V. Hydrogen storage in calcium alanate: First-principles thermodynamics and crystal structures. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 75, 064101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zidan, R.A.; Takara, S.; Hee, A.G.; Jensen, C.M. Hydrogen cycling behavior of zirconium and titanium–zirconium-doped sodium aluminum hydride. J. Alloys Compd. 1999, 285, 119–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, J.; Ebner, A.; Zidan, R.; Ritter, J. Synergistic effects of co-dopants on the dehydrogenation kinetics of sodium aluminum hydride. J. Alloys Compd. 2005, 391, 245–255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, G.-J.; Kim, J.W.; Shim, J.-H.; Cho, Y.W.; Lee, K.S. Synthesis of ultrafine titanium aluminide powders and their catalytic enhancement in dehydrogenation kinetics of NaAlH4. Scr. Mater. 2007, 56, 125–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zaluska, A.; Zaluski, L.; Ström-Olsen, J. Sodium alanates for reversible hydrogen storage. J. Alloys Compd. 2000, 298, 125–134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pukazhselvan, D.; Gupta, B.K.; Srivastava, A.; Srivastava, O.N. Investigations on hydrogen storage behavior of CNT doped NaAlH4. J. Alloys Compd. 2005, 403, 312–317. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Berseth, P.A.; Harter, A.G.; Zidan, R.; Blomqvist, A.; Araújo, C.M.; Scheicher, R.H.; Ahuja, R.; Jena, P. Carbon nanomaterials as catalysts for hydrogen uptake and release in NaAlH4. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1501–1505. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Atakli, Z.Ö.K.; Callini, E.; Kato, S.; Mauron, P.; Orimo, S.-I.; Züttel, A. The catalyzed hydrogen sorption mechanism in alkali alanates. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2005, 17, 20932–20940. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zaluski, L.; Zaluska, A.; Ström-Olsen, J. Hydrogenation properties of complex alkali metal hydrides fabricated by mechano-chemical synthesis. J. Alloys Compd. 1999, 290, 71–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baldé, C.P.; Hereijgers, B.P.; Bitter, J.H.; Jong, K.P.D. Sodium Alanate Nanoparticles—Linking Size to Hydrogen Storage Properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 6761–6765. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fichtner, M.; Engel, J.; Fuhr, O.; Glöss, A.; Rubner, O.; Ahlrichs, R. The structure of magnesium alanate. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 42, 7060–7066. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Graetz, J.; Wegrzyn, J.; Reilly, J.J. Regeneration of lithium aluminum hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 17790–17794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, J.; Ebner, A.D.; Ritter, J.A. Physiochemical pathway for cyclic dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation of LiAlH4. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 5949–5954. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kojima, Y.; Kawai, Y.; Haga, T.; Matsumoto, M.; Koiwai, A. Direct formation of LiAlH4 by a mechanochemical reaction. J. Alloys Compd. 2007, 441, 189–191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sklar, N.; Post, B. Crystal structure of lithium aluminum hydride. Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 669–671. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hauback, B.; Brinks, H.; Fjellvåg, H. Accurate structure of LiAlD4 studied by combined powder neutron and X-ray diffraction. J. Alloys Compd. 2002, 346, 184–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Resan, M.; Hampton, M.D.; Lomness, J.K.; Slattery, D.K. Effects of various catalysts on hydrogen release and uptake characteristics of LiAlH4. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2005, 30, 1413–1416. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ares, J.; Aguey-Zinsou, K.-F.; Porcu, M.; Sykes, J.; Dornheim, M.; Klassen, T.; Bormann, R. Thermal and mechanically activated decomposition of LiAlH4. Mater. Res. Bull. 2008, 43, 1263–1275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Balema, V.; Wiench, J.; Dennis, K.; Pruski, M.; Pecharsky, V. Titanium catalyzed solid-state transformations in LiAlH4 during high-energy ball-milling. J. Alloys Compd. 2001, 329, 108–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, S.; Zou, J.; Zeng, X.; Ding, W. Effects of REF3 (RE = Y, La, Ce) additives on dehydrogenation properties of LiAlH4. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2014, 39, 11642–11650. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhai, F.; Li, P.; Sun, A.; Wu, S.; Wan, Q.; Zhang, W.; Li, Y.; Cui, L.; Qu, X. Significantly improved dehydrogenation of LiAlH4 destabilized by MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 11939–11945. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rafiud, D.; Zhang, L.; Ping, L.; Qu, X. Catalytic effects of nano-sized TiC additions on the hydrogen storage properties of LiAlH4. J. Alloys Compd. 2010, 508, 119–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ismail, M.; Zhao, Y.; Yu, X.; Ranjbar, A.; Dou, S. Improved hydrogen desorption in lithium alanate by addition of SWCNT–metallic catalyst composite. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2011, 36, 3593–3599. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rafiud, D.; Xuanhui, Q.; Ping, L.; Zhang, L.; Ahmad, M. Hydrogen Sorption Improvement of LiAlH4 Catalyzed by Nb2O5 and Cr2O3 Nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 13088–13099. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ismail, M.; Zhao, Y.; Yu, X.; Dou, S. Effects of NbF5 addition on the hydrogen storage properties of LiAlH4. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2010, 35, 2361–2367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rafiud, D.; Qu, X.; Li, X.; Ahmad, M.; Lin, Z. Comparative catalytic effects of NiCl2, TiC and TiN on hydrogen storage properties of LiAlH4. Rare Met. 2011, 30, 27–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ares Fernandez, J.R.; Aguey-Zinsou, F.; Elsaesser, M.; Ma, X.Z.; Dornheim, M.; Klassen, T.; Bormann, R. Mechanical and thermal decomposition of LiAlH4 with metal halides. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2007, 32, 1033–1040. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.; Liu, S.; Si, X.; Zhang, J.; Jiao, C.; Wang, S.; Liu, S.; Zou, Y.-J.; Sun, L.; Xu, F. Significantly improved dehydrogenation of LiAlH4 destabilized by K2TiF6. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2012, 37, 3261–3267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, L.; Qiu, F.; Wang, Y.; Xu, Y.; An, C.; Liu, G.; Jiao, L.; Yuan, H. Enhanced hydrogen storage properties of TiN–LiAlH4 composite. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2013, 38, 3695–3701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, J.; Kuriyama, N.; Xu, Q.; Takeshita, H.T.; Sakai, T. Reversible hydrogen storage via titanium-catalyzed LiAlH4 and Li3AlH6. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 11214–11220. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blanchard, D.; Brinks, H.; Hauback, B.; Norby, P. Desorption of LiAlH4 with Ti-and V-based additives. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2004, 108, 54–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zheng, X.; Qu, X.; Humail, I.S.; Li, P.; Wang, G. Effects of various catalysts and heating rates on hydrogen release from lithium alanate. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2007, 32, 1141–1144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kojima, Y.; Kawai, Y.; Matsumoto, M.; Haga, T. Hydrogen release of catalyzed lithium aluminum hydride by a mechanochemical reaction. J. Alloys Compd. 2008, 462, 275–278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, T.; Huang, C.K.; Wang, H.; Sun, L.X.; Zhu, M. The effect of doping NiCl2 on the dehydrogenation properties of LiAlH4. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2008, 33, 6216–6221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tan, C.-Y.; Tsai, W.-T. Catalytic and inhibitive effects of Pd and Pt decorated MWCNTs on the dehydrogenation behavior of LiAlH4. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2015, 40, 10185–10193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morioka, H.; Kakizaki, K.; Chung, S.-C.; Yamada, A. Reversible hydrogen decomposition of KAlH4. J. Alloys Compd. 2003, 353, 310–314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hauback, J.; Brinks, H.; Heyn, R.; Blom, R.; Fjellvåg, H. The crystal structure of KAlD4. J. Alloys Compd. 2005, 394, 35–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bastide, J.; El Hajri, J.; Claudy, P.; El Hajbi, A. A New Route to Alkali Metal Aluminum Hydrides MAlH4with M = Na, K, Rb, Cs and Structural Features for the Whole Family with M = Li to Cs. Synth. React. Inorg. Met.-Org. Chem. 1995, 25, 1037–1047. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ares, J.R.; Aguey-Zinsou, K.-F.; Leardini, F.; Ferrer, I.J.; Fernandez, J.-F.; Guo, Z.-X.; Sánchez, C. Hydrogen absorption/desorption mechanism in potassium alanate (KAlH4) and enhancement by TiCl3 doping. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 6845–6851. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vajeeston, P.; Ravindran, P.; Kjekshus, A.; Fjellvåg, H. Crystal structure of KAlH4 from first principle calculations. J. Alloys Compd. 2004, 363, L8–L12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wiberg, E.; Bauer, R. Magnesium aluminum hydride, Mg(AlH4)2. Z. Naturforsch. B 1950, 5, 397–398. [Google Scholar]
- Wiberg, E. NeuereErgebnisse der präparativenHydrid-Forschung. Angew. Chem. 1953, 65, 16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wiberg, E.; Bauer, R. Further studies on Mg(AlH4)2. Z. Naturforsch. 1952, 7, 131. [Google Scholar]
- Hertwig, A. Verfahren zur Herstellung Aluminiumhaltiger Hydride. German Patent DE921986, 7 January 1955. [Google Scholar]
- Plesek, J.; Hermanek, S. Synthesis and properties of magnesium aluminum hydride. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 1966, 31, 3060–3067. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fichtner, M.; Fuhr, O. Synthesis and structures of magnesium alanate and two solvent adducts. J. Alloys Compd. 2002, 345, 286–296. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dymova, T.; Maltseva, N.; Konoplev, V.; Golovanova, A.; Aleksandrov, D.; Sizareva, A. Solid-phase solvate-free formation of magnesium hydroaluminates Mg(AlH4)2 and MgAlH5 upon mechanochemical activation or heating of magnesium hydride and aluminum chloride mixtures. Russ. J. Coord. Chem. 2003, 29, 385–389. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mamatha, M.; Bogdanović, B.; Felderhoff, M.; Pommerin, A.; Schmidt, W.; Schüth, F.; Weidenthaler, C. Mechanochemical preparation and investigation of properties of magnesium, calcium and lithium–magnesium alanates. J. Alloys Compd. 2006, 407, 78–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fossdal, A.; Brinks, H.; Fichtner, M.; Hauback, B. Thermal decomposition of Mg (AlH4)2 studied by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. J. Alloys Compd. 2005, 404, 752–756. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fossdal, A.; Brinks, H.; Fichtner, M.; Hauback, B. Determination of the crystal structure of Mg(AlH4)2 by combined X-ray and neutron diffraction. J. Alloys Compd. 2005, 387, 47–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fichtner, M.; Fuhr, O.; Kircher, O. Magnesium alanate—A material for reversible hydrogen storage? J. Alloys Compd. 2003, 356, 418–422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, J.; Ebner, A.D.; Ritter, J.A. On the reversibility of hydrogen storage in novel complex hydrides. Adsorption 2005, 11, 811–816. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.; Pang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, Y.; Gao, M.; Pan, H. Synthesis and hydrogen storage thermodynamics and kinetics of Mg(AlH4)2 submicron rods. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2012, 37, 18148–18154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, Y.; Lee, F.-K.; Shim, J.H.; Cho, Y.W.; Yoon, K.B. Mechanochemical synthesis and thermal decomposition of Mg(AlH4)2. J. Alloys Compd. 2006, 422, 283–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Varin, R.A.; Chiu, C.; Czujko, T.; Wronski, Z. Mechano-chemical activation synthesis (MCAS) of nanocrystalline magnesium alanate hydride [Mg(AlH4)2] and its hydrogen desorption properties. J. Alloys Compd. 2007, 439, 302–311. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jeong, H.; Kim, T.K.; Choo, K.Y.; Song, I.K. Hydrogen evolution performance of magnesium alanate prepared by a mechanochemical metathesis reaction method. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 2008, 25, 268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schwab, W.; Wintersberger, K. The preparation and properties of calcium aluminum hydride, Ca(AlH4)2. Z. Naturforsch. B 1953, 8, 690. [Google Scholar]
- Finholt, A.; Barbaras, G.D.; Barbaras, G.K.; Urry, G.; Wartik, T.; Schlesinger, H. The preparation of sodium and calcium aluminium hydrides. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1955, 1, 317–325. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maltseva, N.; Golovanova, A.; Dymova, T.; Aleksandrov, D. Solid-phase formation of calcium hydridoaluminates Ca(AlH4)2 and CaHAlH4 upon mechanochemical activation or heating of mixtures of calcium hydridewith aluminum chloride. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 2001, 46, 1793–1797. [Google Scholar]
- Schwarz, M.; Haiduc, A.; Stil, H.; Paulus, P.; Geerlings, H. The use of complex metal hydrides as hydrogen storage materials: Synthesis and XRD-studies of Ca(AlH4)2 and Mg(AlH4)2. J. Alloys Compd. 2005, 404, 762–765. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fichtner, M.; Frommen, C.; Fuhr, O. Synthesis and properties of calcium alanate and two solvent adducts. Inorg. Chem. 2005, 44, 3479–3484. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nöth, H.; Schmidt, M.; Treit, A. Synthesis and structures of magnesium tetrahydridoaluminates. Chem. Ber. 1995, 128, 999–1006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Løvvik, O. Crystal structure of Ca(AlH4)2 predicted from density-functional band-structure calculations. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 71, 144111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klaveness, A.; Vajeeston, P.; Ravindran, P.; Fjellvåg, H.; Kjekshus, A. Structure and bonding in BAlH5 (B = Be, Ca, Sr) from first-principle calculations. J. Alloys Compd. 2007, 433, 225–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mamatha, M.; Weidenthaler, C.; Pommerin, A.; Felderhoff, M.; Schüth, F. Comparative studies of the decomposition of alanates followed by in situ XRD and DSC methods. J. Alloys Compd. 2006, 416, 303–314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Iosub, V.; Matsunaga, T.; Tange, K.; Ishikiriyama, M. Direct synthesis of Mg(AlH4)2 and CaAlH5 crystalline compounds by ball milling and their potential as hydrogen storage materials. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2009, 34, 906–912. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dymova, T.N.; Konoplev, V.N.; Sizareva, A.S.; Aleksandrov, D.P. Peculiarities of the solid-phase formation of strontium pentahydroaluminate from binary hydrides by mechanochemical activation and modeling of the process on the basis of thermogasovolumetry data. Russ. J. Coord. Chem. 2000, 26, 531–537. [Google Scholar]
- Pommerin, A.; Wosylus, A.; Felderhoff, M.; Schüth, F.; Weidenthaler, C. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Hydrogen-Storage Properties of Eu(AlH4)2 and Sr(AlH4)2 and of Their Decomposition Intermediates, EuAlH5 and SrAlH5. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 4143–4150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kost, M.E.; Golovanova, A.L. Interaction of titanium and iron halides with lithium aluminum hydride in diethyl ether. Russ. Chem. Bull. 1975, 24, 905–907. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weidenthaler, C.; Pommerin, A.; Felderhoff, M.; Sun, W.; Wolverton, C.; Bogdanovic, B.; Schuth, F. Complex rare-earth aluminum hydrides: Mechanochemical preparation, crystal structure and potential for hydrogen storage. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 16735–16743. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kost, M.E.; Golvanova, A.I. Reaction of lithium tetrahydroaluminate with transition metal halides. Inorg. Mater. 1978, 14, 1348–1350. [Google Scholar]
- Cao, Z.; Ouyang, L.; Wang, H.; Liu, J.; Felderhoff, M.; Zhu, M. Reversible hydrogen storage in yttrium aluminum hydride. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 6042–6046. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Claudy, P.; Bonnetot, B.; Bastide, J.-P.; Jean-Marie, L. Reactions of lithium and sodium aluminium hydride with sodium or lithium hydride. Preparation of a new alumino-hydride of lithium and sodium LiNa2AlH6. Mater. Res. Bull. 1982, 17, 1499–1504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huot, J.; Boily, S.; Güther, V.; Schulz, R. Synthesis of Na3AlH6 and Na2LiAlH6 by mechanical alloying. J. Alloys Compd. 1999, 283, 304–306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brinks, H.; Hauback, B.; Jensen, C.; Zidan, R. Synthesis and crystal structure of Na2LiAlD6. J. Alloys Compd. 2005, 392, 27–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Løvvik, O.; Swang, O. Structure and stability of possible new alanates. EPL (Europhys. Lett.) 2004, 67, 607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Graetz, J.; Lee, Y.; Reilly, J.; Park, S.; Vogt, T. Structures and thermodynamics of the mixed alkali alanates. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 71, 184115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sørby, M.; Brinks, H.; Fossdal, A.; Thorshaug, K.; Hauback, B. The crystal structure and stability of K2NaAl6. J. Alloys Compd. 2006, 415, 284–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhatnagar, A.; Pandey, S.K.; Shahi, R.R.; Hudson, M.; Shaz, M.; Srivastava, O. Synthesis, characterization and hydrogen sorption studies of mixed sodium-potassium alanate. Cryst. Res. Technol. 2013, 48, 520–531. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rönnebro, E.; Majzoub, E.H. Crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations of a new bialkali alanate K2LiAlH6. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 25686–25691. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bulychev, B.; Semenenko, K.; Bitcoev, K. Synthesis and investigation of complex compounds of magnesium alanate. Koord Khim 1978, 4, 374–380. [Google Scholar]
- Grove, H.; Brinks, H.; Heyn, R.; Wu, F.-J.; Opalka, S.; Tang, X.; Laube, B.; Hauback, B. The structure of LiMg(AlD4)3. J. Alloys Compd. 2008, 455, 249–254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grove, H.; Brinks, H.W.; Løvvik, O.M.; Heyn, R.H.; Hauback, B.C. The crystal structure of LiMgAlD6 from combined neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. J. Alloys Compd. 2008, 460, 64–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jain, L.; Jain, P.; Jain, A. Novel hydrogen storage materials: A review of lightweight complex hydrides. J. Alloys Compd. 2010, 503, 303–339. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mohtadi, R.; Sivasubramanian, P.; Hwang, S.-J.; Stowe, A.; Gray, J.; Matsunaga, T.; Zidan, R. Alanate–borohydride material systems for hydrogen storage applications. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2012, 37, 2388–2396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ismail, M.; Zhao, Y.; Yu, X.; Mao, J.; Dou, S. The hydrogen storage properties and reaction mechanism of the MgH2–NaAlH4 composite system. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2011, 36, 9045–9050. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, Q.; Yu, X.; Feidenhans’l, R.; Vegge, T. Destabilized LiBH4−NaAlH4 Mixtures Doped with Titanium Based Catalysts. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 18244–18248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ravnsbæk, D.B.; Jensen, T.R. Tuning hydrogen storage properties and reactivity: Investigation of the LiBH4–NaAlH4 system. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2010, 71, 1144–1149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ismail, M. Study on the hydrogen storage properties and reaction mechanism of NaAlH4–MgH2–LiBH4 ternary-hydride system. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2014, 39, 8340–8346. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xia, G.; Tan, Y.; Chen, X.; Guo, Z.; Liu, H.; Yu, X. Mixed-metal (Li, Al) amidoborane: Synthesis and enhanced hydrogen storage properties. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 1810–1820. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nakagawa, Y.; Isobe, S.; Ikarashi, Y.; Ohnuki, S. AB–MH (Ammonia Borane–Metal Hydride) composites: Systematic understanding of dehydrogenation properties. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 3926–3931. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.; Ren, Z.; Zhang, X.; Jian, N.; Yang, Y.; Gao, M.; Pan, H. Development of catalyst-enhanced sodium alanate as an advanced hydrogen-storage material for mobile applications. Energy Technol. 2018, 6, 487–500. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Møller, K.T.; Sheppard, D.; Ravnsbæk, D.B.; Buckley, C.E.; Akiba, E.; Li, H.-W.; Jensen, T.R. Complex Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen, Thermal and Electrochemical Energy Storage. Energies 2017, 10, 1645. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Milanese, C.; Garroni, S.; Gennari, F.; Marini, A.; Klassen, T.; Dornheim, M.; Pistidda, C. Solid State Hydrogen Storage in Alanates and Alanate-Based Compounds: A Review. Metals 2018, 8, 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8080567
Milanese C, Garroni S, Gennari F, Marini A, Klassen T, Dornheim M, Pistidda C. Solid State Hydrogen Storage in Alanates and Alanate-Based Compounds: A Review. Metals. 2018; 8(8):567. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8080567
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilanese, Chiara, Sebastiano Garroni, Fabiana Gennari, Amedeo Marini, Thomas Klassen, Martin Dornheim, and Claudio Pistidda. 2018. "Solid State Hydrogen Storage in Alanates and Alanate-Based Compounds: A Review" Metals 8, no. 8: 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8080567