Designing of Synergistic Waste Mixtures for Multiphase Reactive Smelting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- the optimal amount of reducing agent,
- the energy of reactions,
- the final composition of dust and slag.
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Set-up
2.2. Materials and Methods
3. Designing Mixture Composition and Energy Consumption
3.1. Thermo-Chemical Considerations
3.1.1. Processes inside the Furnace
3.1.2. Processes outside of the Furnace Chamber
3.2. Mixture Composition and Energy Consumption
Slag Composition
4. Discussion
4.1. Dust Characterization
4.2. Metal Composition
4.3. Slag Characterization
4.4. Monitoring of Exhaust Gases
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CaO | SiO2 | FeO | MgO | Al2O3 | MnO | Na2O | K2O | Cu | S | Zn | Ni |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
36.9 | 26.6 | 12.5 | 9.6 | 9.8 | 1.6 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.30 |
Fe | Si | Zn | C | Cd | Mn | Ca | Al | Na | K | Pb | Mg | Cu |
20.78 | 1.65 | 30.68 | 3.11 | 0.22 | 7.12 | 3.06 | 0.25 | 0.53 | 1.44 | 3.68 | 1.43 | 0.45 |
O (oxides) | F (fluorides) | Cl (chlorides) | S (sulfides) | Others | ||||||||
20.52 | 0.08 | 2.69 | 1.63 | 0.68 |
Fe | Si | Cr | Sn | Ni | C | P | S | Mn | Ca | Al | Mg | Cu | O | LOI | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
70.87 | 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 25.2 | 1.80 | 0.12 |
CaO | Al2O3 | MgO | SiO2 |
---|---|---|---|
95.7 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 0.60 |
C | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | Fe2O3 | S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
86.8 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 0.80 | 0.50 | 0.70 | 0.60 |
Balance | Input, kg | Output, kg | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pellets | Starting Slag | Slag | Metal | Dust | Gas | |
Model | 85 | 15 | 24.8 | 33.8 | 13.3 | 28.1 |
Experimental | 85 ± 0.5 | 15 ± 0.1 | 23.0 ± 0.5 | 31.1 ± 0.6 | 13.1 ± 0.3 | - |
Element | Zn | Fe | Pb | Cd | Cl(Chlorides) | O(Oxides) | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt. % | 71.1 | 0.4 | 8.5 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 18.1 | 0.3 |
Element | Fe | C | Mn | Si | Cu | S | P | Ni | Cr | Sn | Zn | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt. % | 90.3 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 0.75 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.16 |
Phase | SiO2 | CaO | FeO | MgO | Al2O3 | MnO | Na2O | K2O | Cu | S | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt. % | 27.8 | 36.5 | 11.6 | 10.1 | 9.4 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
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Manojlović, V.; Kamberović, Ž.; Sokić, M.; Gavrilovski, M.; Korać, M. Designing of Synergistic Waste Mixtures for Multiphase Reactive Smelting. Metals 2016, 6, 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6060138
Manojlović V, Kamberović Ž, Sokić M, Gavrilovski M, Korać M. Designing of Synergistic Waste Mixtures for Multiphase Reactive Smelting. Metals. 2016; 6(6):138. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6060138
Chicago/Turabian StyleManojlović, Vaso, Željko Kamberović, Miroslav Sokić, Milorad Gavrilovski, and Marija Korać. 2016. "Designing of Synergistic Waste Mixtures for Multiphase Reactive Smelting" Metals 6, no. 6: 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6060138