Effect of Finish Rolling Temperature on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Nb–Ti Microalloyed X90 Pipeline Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Material and Procedures
3. Experiment Results
3.1. Tensile Properties
3.2. Microstructure
3.3. Precipitation
3.4. Dislocations
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Finish Rolling Temperature on Microstructure Evolution
4.2. Effect of Finish Rolling Temperature on Tensile Properties
5. Conclusions
- The microstructure is primarily composed of non–equiaxed ferrite with martensite/austenite (M/A) constituent dispersed at grain boundaries for the specimens with different finish rolling temperatures. With the finish rolling temperature decreased, ferrite grains are refined and M/A constituent becomes smaller accompanied by a decrease of amount.
- With the decreasing finish rolling temperature, the yield strength increases, despite the declining precipitation strengthening contribution. This indicates that the increasing grain boundary strengthening contribution and the dislocation strengthening contribution overwhelm the decreasing precipitation strengthening part and are the dominating strengthening mechanism of the steel.
- The strain hardening capacity gradually declines, indicated by the increase of the yield ratio when the finish rolling temperature decreases, which are the consequences of decrements derived from the decreasing amount of hard M-A constituent and the refined ferrite grain, respectively.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | Si | Mn | P | S | Mo + Ni + Cu | Nb + Ti + V |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.06 | 0.30 | 1.90 | 0.005 | 0.002 | ≤0.98 | ≤0.19 |
Finish Rolling Temperature (°C) | M/A Constituent (%) | M/A Constituent MED (μm) | Low Angle Boundaries (2° ≤ θ < 15°) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Misorientation (°) | Fraction | |||
850 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 0.40 ± 0.02 |
830 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 0.41 ± 0.01 |
810 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 0.2 | 0.43 ± 0.01 |
790 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 6.1 ± 0.1 | 0.44 ± 0.02 |
Precipitate | Morphology | Size Range (nm) |
---|---|---|
Ti-rich (Ti, Nb)C | Spherical/Irregular | 30–100 |
Cuboidal | ||
Nb-rich (Nb, Ti)C | Spherical | 10–30 |
Finish Rolling Temperature (°C) | x (nm) | Volume Fraction f |
---|---|---|
850 | 29.3 ± 0.1 | 10.8 ± 0.2 × 10−4 |
830 | 33.6 ± 0.2 | 9.4 ± 0.1 × 10−4 |
810 | 48.2 ± 0.2 | 8.1 ± 0.3 × 10−4 |
790 | 50.3 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.1 × 10−4 |
Finish Rolling Temperature (°C) | ρ/× 1014 m−2 |
---|---|
850 | 5.2 ± 0.05 |
830 | 5.9 ± 0.04 |
810 | 6.7 ± 0.07 |
790 | 7.2 ± 0.07 |
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Guo, B.; Fan, L.; Wang, Q.; Fu, Z.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, F. Effect of Finish Rolling Temperature on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Nb–Ti Microalloyed X90 Pipeline Steel. Metals 2016, 6, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6120323
Guo B, Fan L, Wang Q, Fu Z, Wang Q, Zhang F. Effect of Finish Rolling Temperature on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Nb–Ti Microalloyed X90 Pipeline Steel. Metals. 2016; 6(12):323. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6120323
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Bin, Lei Fan, Qian Wang, Zhibin Fu, Qingfeng Wang, and Fucheng Zhang. 2016. "Effect of Finish Rolling Temperature on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Nb–Ti Microalloyed X90 Pipeline Steel" Metals 6, no. 12: 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6120323