Micromechanisms of Deformation and Fracture in Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel at Different Strain Rates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. As-Built State
3.2. Analysis of the Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Deformed Samples
4. Conclusions
- Despite the porosity, the specimens showed high strength, the value of which increased with the loading rate. Porosity decreased the effective cross-section of the specimen, which led to lower ductility of the specimens. Additionally, porosity resulted in the de-localization of plastic deformation so that necking was not observed in all tested specimens at all strain rates.
- With an increase in strain rate, nucleation of new pores was less pronounced, at the highest strain rate of 8 × 10−3 s−1, only pore coalescence was observed as the dominating microscopic mechanism of ductile fracture.
- With an increase in strain rate, FCC (111)[11-2] or (11-1)[11-2] twinning was more developed, probably due to relatively low mobility of dislocations associated with cellular dislocation structures in L-PBF material. It resulted in an increased elongation at fracture measured in specimens tested at 8 × 10−3 s−1.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fe | Ni | Cr | Mo | Si |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bal. | 13.42 | 16.77 | 2.40 | 1.23 |
Strain Rate, s−1 | YS, MPa | UTS, MPa | δ, % |
---|---|---|---|
535 | 520 | 1.7 | |
1 | 554 | 526 | 5.0 |
8 | 593 | 562 | 5.4 |
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Kazantseva, N.; Krakhmalev, P.; Åsberg, M.; Koemets, Y.; Karabanalov, M.; Davydov, D.; Ezhov, I.; Koemets, O. Micromechanisms of Deformation and Fracture in Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel at Different Strain Rates. Metals 2021, 11, 1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111870
Kazantseva N, Krakhmalev P, Åsberg M, Koemets Y, Karabanalov M, Davydov D, Ezhov I, Koemets O. Micromechanisms of Deformation and Fracture in Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel at Different Strain Rates. Metals. 2021; 11(11):1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111870
Chicago/Turabian StyleKazantseva, Nataliya, Pavel Krakhmalev, Mikael Åsberg, Yulia Koemets, Maxim Karabanalov, Denis Davydov, Igor Ezhov, and Olga Koemets. 2021. "Micromechanisms of Deformation and Fracture in Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel at Different Strain Rates" Metals 11, no. 11: 1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111870