Ore-Forming Processes at the Xiajinbao Gold Deposit in Eastern Hebei Province: Constraints from EPMA and LA-ICPMS Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Ore deposit Geology
3.1. Host Rocks and Structures
3.2. Ore Bodies, Ore Types, and Mineralogy
3.3. Alteration Assemblages
4. Paragenetic Sequences of Mineralization
5. Sampling and Analyses
5.1. Sample Sites
5.2. Microscopic Observations and Electron-Probe Microanalyses
5.3. LA-ICP-MS In-Situ Trace Element Analysis
6. Results
6.1. Petrography and Mineralogy
6.2. Occurrence of Electrum and Gold-Bearing Minerals
6.3. LA-ICP-MS Trace Element Microscopic in Situ Analysis
7. Discussion
7.1. Trace Element Distributions in Pyrite
7.2. Pyrite Genesis
7.3. Ore-Forming Process
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Location | Ore Types | Stage | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z41-3 | 179.5 m, borehole ZK1103 | Quartz pyrite veins | Ι | Quartz, pyrite, electrum, native gold |
Z49-3 | 84 m, borehole ZK34 | |||
K7 | Open-pit mine | |||
K1-3 | Open-pit mine | Quartz–galena–sphalerite–veins | ΙΙ | Quartz, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, electrum, native gold |
K10-3 | ||||
K35 | Open-pit mine | Quartz–polymetallic sulfide veins | ΙΙΙ | Quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite |
Z4 | 98m, borehole ZK04 | |||
Z168 | 164m, borehole ZK701 |
Grain Type | Size Range (mm) | No. of Grains | Ratio (%) | Total Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Micro–fine | <0.005 | 8 | 2.74 | 33.65 |
0.005–0.01 | 90 | 30.82 | ||
Fine | 0.01–0.037 | 145 | 49.65 | 49.65 |
Medium | 0.037–0.053 | 34 | 11.64 | 13.69 |
0.053–0.074 | 6 | 2.05 | ||
Coarse | 0.074–0.1 | 3 | 1.03 | 2.74 |
0.1–0.3 | 5 | 1.71 | ||
Huge | >0.3 | 1 | 0.34 | 0.34 |
Style | Position | Ratio (%) | Total Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
Fissure gold | Pyrite fissure | 7.88 | 9.25 |
Sphalerite fissure | 1.37 | ||
Intra-granule gold | Pyrite–quartz | 3.08 | 33.24 |
Pyrite–sphalerite | 3.8 | ||
Pyrite–galena | 0.34 | ||
Pyrite–galena–quartz | 0.34 | ||
Pyrite–pyrite | 0.68 | ||
Sphalerite–sphalerite | 3.08 | ||
Quartz–quartz | 0.68 | ||
Sphalerite–quartz | 20.21 | ||
Pyrite–sphalerite–quartz | 1.03 | ||
Inclusion gold | Sphalerite | 29.45 | 31.86 |
Pyrite | 1.05 | ||
Galena | 0.68 | ||
Quartz | 0.68 | ||
Independent gold | Quartz | 25.65 | 25.65 |
Sample No. | Stage | S | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | As | Ag | Au | Pb | Bi | Te |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt % | wt % | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ||
Z51-4 | Ι | 54.19 | 44.73 | 0.82 | 0.1 | 0.43 | 0.31 | 146.87 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.17 |
54.76 | 44.63 | 0.95 | 0.46 | 9.13 | 1.03 | 241.46 | 180.4 | 0.56 | 2574.78 | 360.81 | 0.48 | ||
55.48 | 44.29 | 1.86 | 0.14 | 2.04 | 0.32 | 2.15 | 0.08 | - | 0.48 | 0.38 | 0.89 | ||
Z49 | 54.03 | 43.86 | 0.97 | 0.29 | 4.38 | 3.24 | 329.37 | 0.39 | 3.61 | 4.65 | 0.01 | 0.37 | |
56.76 | 43.02 | 8.34 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.95 | 562.34 | 35.26 | 4.82 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.61 | ||
55.06 | 43.94 | 2.97 | 0.57 | 7.03 | 0.27 | 84.31 | 0.01 | - | 0.86 | - | 0.27 | ||
54.97 | 44.74 | 0.61 | 0.24 | 3.22 | 2.16 | 127.69 | 0.89 | 2.33 | 0.48 | 0.01 | 0.64 | ||
K7 | 54.41 | 44.35 | 1.25 | 0.27 | 4.26 | 0.35 | 394.36 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 1.36 | 0.01 | 0.35 | |
53.76 | 44.25 | 1.28 | 0.67 | 2.39 | 0.51 | 256.32 | 1.69 | 7.39 | 0.62 | - | 0.94 | ||
54.29 | 44.01 | 1.39 | 0.39 | 5.36 | 4.63 | 449.34 | 0.04 | 4.33 | 0.98 | 0.11 | 0.86 | ||
Z12 | ΙΙ | 53.89 | 45.82 | 19.29 | 8.55 | 1.66 | 1.47 | 715.98 | 1.64 | 9.35 | 154.57 | 0.05 | 0.26 |
54.53 | 44.52 | 0.86 | 0.52 | 0.82 | 1.7 | 275.62 | 33.98 | 2.61 | 0.44 | - | 4.14 | ||
54.92 | 44.92 | 0.33 | 1.03 | 3.55 | 2.23 | 82.4 | 3.14 | 6.65 | 305.22 | - | 0.14 | ||
55.71 | 43.86 | 2.3 | 0.61 | 0.79 | 1.51 | 330.17 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.81 | 0.01 | 7.56 | ||
Z29 | 55.83 | 43.58 | 6.05 | 8.83 | 1.62 | 0.56 | 716.21 | 69.35 | 3.99 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.46 | |
54.34 | 43.86 | 4.69 | 0.92 | 2.67 | 0.34 | 365.18 | 2.67 | 10.08 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||
54.62 | 44.71 | 0.67 | 0.36 | 0.84 | 2.69 | 149.27 | 0.25 | 0.66 | 1.35 | - | 4.14 | ||
54.13 | 44.74 | 0.53 | 1.64 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 485.32 | 4.63 | 1.04 | 0.64 | 0.57 | 0.08 | ||
K35 | ΙΙΙ | 54.83 | 44.87 | 0.07 | 0.47 | 40.57 | 1204.53 | 594.97 | 6.52 | 0.15 | 31.61 | 0.01 | 7.71 |
55.55 | 44.59 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 170.06 | 4011.92 | 0.12 | 22.21 | 0.35 | 11.02 | 0.01 | 1.24 | ||
54.96 | 44.17 | 0.44 | 0.71 | 0.93 | 1.22 | 136.77 | - | - | 0.54 | 0.01 | 4.26 | ||
Z4 | 55.93 | 44.89 | 0.16 | 0.67 | 4.32 | 0.47 | 23.69 | 4.68 | 0.09 | 8.36 | - | 5.32 | |
55.94 | 44.12 | 0.04 | 0.3 | 6.48 | 9.67 | 4.28 | 9.34 | 0.18 | 4.21 | - | 0.21 | ||
55.31 | 43.84 | 0.19 | 0.86 | 0.37 | 0.27 | 76.37 | 0.62 | - | 0.69 | 0.01 | 3.23 | ||
55.34 | 43.69 | 0.95 | 0.62 | 1.68 | 2.38 | 29.17 | 1.2 | 0.02 | 1.08 | 0.03 | 0.49 | ||
Z168 | 55.39 | 44.18 | 0.14 | 0.88 | 3.52 | 10.64 | 4.31 | 5.37 | 0.39 | 3.24 | - | 6.89 | |
56.11 | 44.68 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 2.13 | 5.96 | 1.65 | 1.87 | - | 7.19 | 1.39 | 0.97 |
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Wang, C.; Shao, Y.; Huang, K.; Zhou, H.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Z.; Liu, Q. Ore-Forming Processes at the Xiajinbao Gold Deposit in Eastern Hebei Province: Constraints from EPMA and LA-ICPMS Analysis. Minerals 2018, 8, 388. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8090388
Wang C, Shao Y, Huang K, Zhou H, Zhang J, Liu Z, Liu Q. Ore-Forming Processes at the Xiajinbao Gold Deposit in Eastern Hebei Province: Constraints from EPMA and LA-ICPMS Analysis. Minerals. 2018; 8(9):388. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8090388
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Cheng, Yongjun Shao, Kuanxin Huang, Haodi Zhou, Jianguo Zhang, Zhongfa Liu, and Qingquan Liu. 2018. "Ore-Forming Processes at the Xiajinbao Gold Deposit in Eastern Hebei Province: Constraints from EPMA and LA-ICPMS Analysis" Minerals 8, no. 9: 388. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8090388