A High-Efficiency Approach for the Synthesis of N235-Impregnated Resins and the Application in Enhanced Adsorption and Separation of Vanadium(V)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of SIRs
2.3. Static Adsorption Experiments
2.4. Cyclic Adsorption Experiments
2.5. Analytical and Testing Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effects of Impregnation Conditions on the N-TIRs
3.1.1. Effects of the Used Mixtures
3.1.2. Effects of Extractants Concentration
3.1.3. Effects of Impregnation Time
3.2. Characterizations of N-TIRs and NIRs
3.2.1. FTIR Analyses
3.2.2. SEM-EDS Analyses
3.3. Adsorption of V(V) onto the N-TIRs and NIRs
3.3.1. Effects of Initial V(V) Concentration
3.3.2. Adsorption Isotherm
3.3.3. Effects of Adsorption Time
3.3.4. Adsorption Kinetics
- (a)
- When the fluid film diffusion controls:
- (b)
- when the intraparticle diffusion controls:
- (c)
- when the chemical reaction controls:
3.4. Separation of V(V) from Complex Solution
3.5. Stability of the SIRs
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The addition of TBP can accelerate the impregnation rate and improve the impregnation ratio of N235 onto the macroporous resins. The impregnation equilibrium time of N-TIRs can be significantly shortened to 5 min in comparison to that of NIRs (240 min) and the impregnation ratio of N-TIRs (57.73%) is higher than that of the NIRs (36.95%).
- (2)
- FTIR analyses demonstrate that N235 can interact with TBP during the impregnation process, resulting in the improvement of the extractability of N235, which enhances the adsorption capacity and the separation capability of the N-TIRs for V(V) when compared with that of the NIRs (50.95 mg·g−1 versus 46.73 mg·g−1). It is confirmed by SEM-EDS analyses that more extractants can enter deeper into the pores of the resins with the addition of TBP, thus the stability of the N-TIRs is higher than that of the NIRs during the cyclic use.
- (3)
- The kinetics results show that the pseudo-second order model fits better for the adsorption process of V(V) onto the N-TIRs and NIRs, and the chemical reaction is the rate-limiting step of the adsorption process of V(V). The reaction constant (Ks) implies that the reaction rate of V(V) with extractants impregnated onto N-TIRs is faster than that onto NIRs, which results in the shorter adsorption equilibrium time of the NTIRs (6 h) when compared to NIRs (10 h).
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Pore volume | 1.82 mL·g−1 |
Specific surface area | ≥800 m2·g−1 |
Average pore diameter | 15 nm |
Particle size | 0.425–0.850 mm |
Matrix | Phenyl ethylene-divinyl benzene |
SIRs | Langmuir | Freundlich | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q0 | KL | R2 | n | KF | R2 | |
N-TIRs | 92.59 | 0.0124 | 0.7558 | 1.37 | 1.9253 | 0.9944 |
NIRs | 107.53 | 0.0029 | 0.7810 | 1.23 | 0.5459 | 0.9923 |
SIRs | Pseudo-First Order | Pseudo-Second Order | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qe | K1 | R2 | Qe | K2 | R2 | |
N-TIRs | 7.16 | 0.4769 | 0.8251 | 55.25 | 0.0349 | 0.9998 |
NIRs | 5.66 | 0.1886 | 0.8936 | 52.63 | 0.0118 | 0.9957 |
SIRs | R2 | KS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Fluid Film Diffusion | Intraparticle Diffusion | Chemical Reaction | ||
N-TIRs | 0.7316 | 0.9586 | 0.9896 | 2.06 × 10−3 |
NIRs | 0.8708 | 0.9931 | 0.9905 | 1.36 × 10−3 |
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Chen, B.; Bao, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zheng, R. A High-Efficiency Approach for the Synthesis of N235-Impregnated Resins and the Application in Enhanced Adsorption and Separation of Vanadium(V). Minerals 2018, 8, 358. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080358
Chen B, Bao S, Zhang Y, Zheng R. A High-Efficiency Approach for the Synthesis of N235-Impregnated Resins and the Application in Enhanced Adsorption and Separation of Vanadium(V). Minerals. 2018; 8(8):358. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080358
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Bo, Shenxu Bao, Yimin Zhang, and Ruwei Zheng. 2018. "A High-Efficiency Approach for the Synthesis of N235-Impregnated Resins and the Application in Enhanced Adsorption and Separation of Vanadium(V)" Minerals 8, no. 8: 358. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080358