Distribution, Enrichment and Modes of Occurrence of Arsenic in Chinese Coals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Content of Arsenic in Coals
2.1. Content of Arsenic in World Coals
2.2. Content of Arsenic in Chinese Coals
3. Distribution of Arsenic in Chinese Coals
3.1. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Arsenic in Chinese Coals
- (1)
- Arsenic in coal is highly enriched in the southwestern Yunnan and part of Guizhou.
- (2)
- Arsenic is enriched in the coals from some regions, such as the western Yunnan, Guangxi, Taiwan, Tibet, southwestern Liaoning, Jilin, and Henan.
- (3)
- Arsenic in coal is slightly enriched in the southwestern and middle part of Guizhou, most of Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, southeastern Hubei, southern Hunan, northwestern Chongqing, southwestern Shandong, southern Hebei, southern Shanxi, as well as parts of northern and southern Liaoning.
- (4)
- Arsenic in coal is depleted in the western Xinjiang and most of Qinghai.
3.2. Distribution Characteristic of Arsenic in Chinese Coal in Different Coal-Forming Periods
3.3. Profile Distribution of Arsenic in Chinese Coals
4. Modes of Occurrence of Arsenic in Chinese Coals
4.1. Sulfide-Association
4.2. Organic-Association
4.3. Arsenate-Association
4.4. Silicate-Association
4.5. Soluble- and Exchangeable-Association
4.6. Summary of Modes of Occurrence of Arsenic in Chinese Coals
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Based on 5314 samples of Chinese coals, the arithmetic mean of the arsenic is calculated as 6.97 mg/kg. Selecting the percentage of coal resources in each province of the total national resources as the weighting factor, the weighted arsenic average is 5.33 mg/kg. Although the arsenic appears abnormally enriched in some Guizhou and Yunnan coals, the common Chinese coal is still comparable to the world level.
- (2)
- The content of arsenic in Chinese coals increases from the north to the south. High-arsenic coal is mainly located in the southwestern Yunnan and part of Guizhou Province. Arsenic is enriched in the coals from some regions, i.e., the western Yunnan, Guangxi, Tibet, southwestern Liaoning, Jilin, and Henan.
- (3)
- The arsenic content in coals of different coal-forming periods shows an overall regularity: Paleogene and Neogene > Late Triassic > Late Permian > Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous > Early and Middle Jurassic > Late Carboniferous and Early Permian.
- (4)
- The majority of arsenic in Chinese coals exists in arsenic-bearing pyrite. In coal samples with overall low arsenic content, the organic arsenic is dominant.
- (5)
- The distribution and modes of occurrence of arsenic in Chinese coals are impacted by many factors, e.g., the coal-forming material, depositional environment, and epigenetic processes. Thus, the arsenic distribution is nonuniform, and the modes of occurrence exhibit a diversity and complexity. This needs further investigation and assessment by some advanced methods, such as the XAFS, MSXRF, and XANES spectrum.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Huainan, Anhui | 3.57 | 22 | C–P | Ge [65] | Daqingshan, Inner Mongolia | 0.97 | 9 | C–P | Dai et al. [113] |
Huaibei, Anhui | 0.6 | 7 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] | Jungar Haerwusu, Inner Mongolia | 0.6 | 29 | C–P | Dai et al. [114] |
Huaibei, Anhui | 2.9 | 5 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] | Jungar Chuancaogedan 5, Inner Mongolia | 0.28 | 15 | C–P | Yang et al. [115] |
Huainan Xinzhuangzi, Anhui | 10.7 | 2 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] | Jungar Chuancaogedan 6, Inner Mongolia | 0.56 | 7 | C–P | Dai et al. [116] |
Huainan Xinzhuangzi, Anhui | 1.8 | 9 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] | Jungar Heidaigou, Inner Mongolia | 0.99 | 30 | P2 | Dai et al. [117] |
Huainan Liyi, Anhui | 11.5 | 5 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] | Yimin, Inner Mongolia | 3 | 1 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] |
Huainan Panyi, Anhui | 0.4 | 6 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] | Dayan, Inner Mongolia | 1 | 2 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] |
Huaibei Mengzhuang, Anhui | 3.66 | 15 | C–P | Zhao and Wu [67] | Huolinhe, Inner Mongolia | 12.88 | 3 | J3–K1 | Bai [118] |
Huainan, Anhui | 2.02 | 17 | C–P | Chen et al. [68] | Jalainur, Inner Mongolia | 2.59 | 3 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] |
Huainan, Anhui | 4.21 | 24 | C–P | Tong et al. [69] | Yuanbaoshan, Inner Mongolia | 2.95 | 2 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] |
Huainan Zhangji, Anhui | 9.07 | 144 | C–P | Li et al. [70] | Xidayao, Inner Mongolia | 3.4 | 5 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Huaibei, Anhui | 1.51 | 12 | C–P | Chen et al. [71] | Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia | 16.3 | 138 | J1–2 | Li et al. [119] |
Huainan, Anhui | 1.58 | 24 | C–P | Chen et al. [71] | Shengli, Inner Mongolia | 8.46 | 30 | J3–K1 | Dai et al. [120] |
Huainan, Anhui | 4.43 | 22 | C–P | Chen and Tang [72] | Shenfu-Dongsheng | 1.77 | 732 | J1–2 | Tang et al. [66] |
Anqing and Tongling, Anhui | 10.16 | 36 | P2 | Qian and Yang [73] | Shenfu-Dongsheng | 0.42 | 5 | J1–2 | Tang et al. [66] |
Beijing | 1.62 | 3 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Jiangoushan, Ningxia | 0.55 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Daanshan, Beijing | 1 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Shizuishan, Ningxia | 1.57 | 8 | C–P | Dai [102] |
Changhe, Chongqing | 10.02 | 5 | P3 | Wang [74] | Shitanjing, Ningxia | 0.97 | 11 | C–P | Dai [102] |
Songzao, Chongqing | 3.17 | 32 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Tongxin, Ningxia | 1 | 3 | C–P | Dai [102] |
Nantong, Chongqing | 3.08 | 21 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Rujigou, Ningxia | 0.74 | 5 | J1–2 | Song [121] |
Zhongliangshan, Chongqing | 4.12 | 2 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Ciyaobao, Ningxia | 10.62 | 2 | J1–2 | Li et al. [119] |
Tianfu, Chongqing | 4.4 | 3 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Yuka, Qinghai | 1.34 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Chuandong, Chongqing | 5.24 | 5 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Mole, Qinghai | 2.77 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Chuandongnan, Chongqing | 7.4 | 2 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Jiangcang, Qinghai | 3.05 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Chongqing | 3.07 | 1 | P2 | Luo et al. [75] | Datong, Qinghai | 3.62 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Donglin and Nantong, Chongqing | 2.547 | 32 | P2 | this study | Tibet Plateau | 0.788 | 16 | J1–2 | Dai et al. [122] |
Songzao, Chongqing | 9.14 | 4 | P2 | Dai et al. [76] | Huangxian, Shandong | 2.9 | 2 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Songzao, Chongqing | 8.06 | 4 | P2 | Dai et al. [76] | Feicheng and Xinwen, Shandong | 11.4 | 17 | C–P | Zen et al. [123] |
Songzao, Chongqing | 5.84 | 5 | P2 | Dai et al. [76] | Feicheng and Xinwen, Shandong | 1.57 | 6 | C–P | Zen et al. [123] |
Songzao, Chongqing | 9.11 | 4 | P2 | Dai et al. [76] | Zibo, Shandong | 7.9 | 1 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] |
Songzao, Chongqing | 5.42 | 4 | P2 | Dai et al. [76] | Chaili, Shandong | 3.5 | 1 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] |
Songzao, Chongqing | 9.52 | 4 | P2 | Dai et al. [76] | Taozhuang, Shandong | 0.45 | 2 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] |
Songzao, Chongqing | 25.7 | 5 | P2 | Dai et al. [76] | Zaozhuang, Shandong | 5.6 | 10 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] |
Chuandong, Chongqing | 9.2 | 10 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] | Jibei, Shandong | 19.62 | 56 | C–P | Hu [124] |
Yongrong, Chongqing | 10.43 | 17 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] | Zaozhuang, Shandong | 7.28 | 21 | C–P | Chen et al. [71] |
Changhebian, Chongqing | 10.03 | 5 | P3 | Wang et al. [77] | Jining, Shandong | 2.34 | 38 | C–P | Liu [125] |
Moxinpo, Chongqing | 2.27 | 4 | P2 | Dai et al. [78] | Juye, Shandong | 2.25 | 49 | C–P | Zhao et al. [89] |
Moxinpo, Chongqing | 10.7 | 4 | P2 | Dai et al. [78] | Xinwen, Shandong | 1.67 | 7 | C–P | Zhang [126] |
Yongan, Fujian | 12 | 3 | P2 | Lu et al. [79] | Feicheng, Shandong | 2.3 | 5 | C–P | Zen et al. [123] |
Fujian | 7.5 | 2 | Cui and Chen [80] | Tengxian, Shandong | 0.8 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | |
Zhangye, Gansu | 1.38 | 4 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Taozao, Shandong | 3.45 | 13 | C–P | Chen and Tang [72] |
Ankou, Gansu | 1.5 | 2 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Yanzhou, Shandong | 1.79 | 6 | C–P | Liu et al. [127] |
Dayou, Gansu | 6.43 | 2 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Liaocheng, Shandong | 7.9 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Huating, Gansu | 3.33 | 2 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Zibo and Taozhuang, Shandong | 4.12 | 14 | C–P | Chen et al. [57] |
Baojishan, Gansu | 3.47 | 2 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Hengqu, Shanxi | 11.87 | 3 | E–N | Tang et al. [66] |
Yaojie, Gansu | 3 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Shanxi | 1.37 | 57 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] |
Wangjiashan, Gansu | 2 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Hunyuan, Shanxi | 4.7 | 1 | C–P | Zhang et al. [107] |
Guangzhou, Guangdong | 13.9 | 1 | P2 | Lu et al. [79] | Pingshuo, Shanxi | 6.9 | 8 | C–P | Zhuang et al. [128] |
Xingmei, Guangdong | 8 | 1 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Pingshuo, Shanxi | 3.9 | 2 | C–P | Zhao et al. [89] |
Guangdong | 9.6 | 33 | Cui and Chen [80] | Shuozhou Pinglu, Shanxi | 0.2 | 1 | C–P | Zhang et al. [107] | |
Baise, Guangxi | 25.4 | 2 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] | Zuoquan, Shanxi | 6.8 | 1 | C–P | Zhang et al. [107] |
Nanning, Guangxi | 19.6 | 2 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] | Yangquan, Shanxi | 0.7 | 1 | C–P | Zhang et al. [107] |
Hongmao, Guangxi | 3.84 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Yangquan, Shanxi | 1.23 | 2 | C–P | Zhao et al. [89] |
Heshan, Guangxi | 3.36 | 12 | P2 | Li et al. [81] | Lingshi, Shanxi | 1 | 1 | C–P | Zhang et al. [107] |
Fusui, Guangxi | 8.59 | 10 | P2 | Dai et al. [82] | Xishan, Shanxi | 3.4 | 1 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] |
Heshan, Guangxi | 13.58 | 12 | P2 | Shao et al. [83] | Fenxi, Shanxi | 0.8 | 3 | C–P | Zhang et al. [107] |
Heshan, Guangxi | 11.8 | 4 | P2 | Dai et al. [84] | Huoxi, Shanxi | 2 | 7 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] |
Heshan, Guangxi | 3.37 | 6 | P2 | Dai et al. [84] | Pingshuo, Shanxi | 2.96 | 6 | C–P | Zhao [30] |
Heshan, Guangxi | 5.31 | 2 | P2 | Dai et al. [84] | Pingshuo, Shanxi | 0.4 | 57 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Yishan, Guangxi | 8.3 | 22 | P3 | Dai et al. [85] | Hedong, Shanxi | 0.99 | 29 | C–P | Li [111] |
Shuicheng, Guizhou | 0.92 | 3 | P2 | Zen et al. [86] | Huozhou, Shanxi | 1.81 | 9 | C–P | Chen and Tang [72] |
Shuicheng, Guizhou | 6.26 | 3 | P2 | Zen et al. [86] | Xishan, Shanxi | 4.27 | 19 | C–P | Ge [129] |
Liuzhi Shuicheng, Guizhou | 8 | 45 | P2 | Zhuang et al. [87] | Yangquan, Shanxi | 1.17 | 7 | C–P | Zhao [30] |
Lindong, Guizhou | 7.6 | 32 | P2 | Ni et al. [88] | Jincheng, Shanxi | 2.22 | 5 | C–P | Wang [130] |
Nayong, Guizhou | 1.26 | 1 | P2 | Zhao et al. [89] | Lu’an, Shanxi | 0.95 | 1 | C–P | Bai [118] |
Zhijin Shuchang, Guizhou | 26.5 | 4 | P2 | An et al. [90] | Ningwu, Shanxi | 0.29 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Zhijin Xingzhai, Guizhou | 2.5 | 3 | P2 | An et al. [90] | Xuangang, Shanxi | 3.43 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Xingren Jiaole, Guizhou | 10.8 | 18 | P2 | Zhou et al. [91] | Datong, Shanxi | 8 | 6 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Dafang, Guizhou | 5.79 | 71 | P2 | Dai et al. [92] | Hongdong, Shanxi | 2.87 | 5 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Panxian, Guizhou | 3.68 | 16 | P2 | Feng et al. [93] | Changzhi, Shanxi | 2 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Shuicheng, Guizhou | 7.15 | 25 | P2 | Feng et al. [93] | Gujiao, Shanxi | 1.47 | 3 | C–P | Ge [129] |
Guiyang, Guizhou | 7.27 | 3 | P2 | Feng et al. [93] | Gujiao, Shanxi | 6.73 | 2 | C–P | Ge [129] |
Liuzhi, Guizhou | 8.52 | 15 | P2 | Feng et al. [93] | Pingshuo, Shanxi | 3.91 | 2 | C–P | Zhao et al. [89] |
Nayong, Guizhou | 2.59 | 6 | P2 | Zhou [31] | Fenxi, Shanxi | 1.1 | 1 | C–P | Zhang et al. [107] |
Zhijin, Guizhou | 5.27 | 59 | P2 | Zhou [31] | Xishan, Shanxi | 0.75 | 2 | C–P | Zhang et al. [107] |
Zhijin, Guizhou | 4.88 | 15 | P2 | Dai et al. [38] | Shanxi | 2.07 | 89 | C–P | Zhang et al. [131] |
Zhijin, Guizhou | 1.1 | 1 | P2 | Dai et al. [37] | Fanshi and Yuanqu, Shanxi | 13.5 | 4 | P3 | Zhang et al. [131] |
Qinglong, Guizhou | 39.15 | 4 | P2 | Zhang [63] | Datong, Shanxi | 7.61 | 30 | J1–2 | Zhuang et al. [128] |
Xishui, Guizhou | 3.19 | 7 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Datong, Shanxi | 8.5 | 3 | J1–2 | Zhang et al. [107] |
Bijie, Guizhou | 5.54 | 4 | P2 | Dai et al. [94] | Datong, Shanxi | 4.79 | 8 | J1–2 | Zhuang et al. [100] |
Guiding, Guizhou | 6.06 | 1 | P2 | Lei [95] | Datong, Shanxi | 3.84 | 8 | J1–2 | Chen et al. [71] |
southwest of Guizhou | 10.72 | 36 | P2 | Zhang [63] | Datong, Shanxi | 12.3 | 17 | J1–2 | Zhang et al. [131] |
Guizhou | 12.51 | 1 | P2 | Luo et al. [75] | Pubai, Shaanxi | 2.14 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Qinglong, Guizhou | 1.58 | 15 | P2 | Li and Tang [96] | Chenghe, Shaanxi | 1.36 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Liupanshui, Guizhou | 5.87 | 62 | P2 | Guo et al. [97] | Hancheng, Shaanxi | 1 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Xingren, Zhijin, Liuzhi, Bijie, Dafang, Guizhou | 3.9 | 71 | P2 | Dai et al. [94] | Tongchuan, Shaanxi | 2.43 | 2 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] |
Guiding, Guizhou | 9.24 | 14 | P2 | Dai et al. [98] | Weibei, Shaanxi | 7.595 | 48 | C–P | Lu [132] |
Zhenfeng Longtoushan, Guizhou | 54.77 | 7 | P3 | Zhang [63] | Hancheng and Tongchuan, Shaanxi | 3.88 | 14 | C–P | Wang et al. [133] |
Puan, Guizhou | 10.18 | 5 | P2 | Yang [99] | Zichang, Shaanxi | 1.5 | 1 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] |
Changpo, Hainan | 8.07 | 1 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] | Binxian, Shaanxi | 13.64 | 1 | J1–2 | Li et al. [119] |
Tangshan Jinggezhuang, Hebei | 9.52 | 1 | C–P | Zhuang et al. [100] | Junlian, Sichuan | 26.5 | 1 | P2 | Zhang et al. [107] |
Kailuan, Hebei | 6.14 | 47 | C–P | Tang et al. [101] | Guxu, Sichuan | 4.93 | 30 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Kailuan, Hebei | 6.41 | 34 | C–P | Zhuang et al. [100] | Junlian, Sichuan | 10.65 | 6 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Fengfeng, Hebei | 2.38 | 9 | C–P | Dai [102] | Furong, Sichuan | 9.48 | 5 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Handan, Hebei | 3.83 | 3 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Dabaoding, Sichuan | 1.44 | 31 | P2 | this study |
Xingtai, Hebei | 1.6 | 3 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Huayingshan, Sichuan | 3.15 | 5 | P2 | Dai et al. [134] |
JingXing and Yuanshi, Hebei | 2.28 | 2 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Dukou, Sichuan | 1.99 | 2 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] |
Xinglong, Hebei | 3.53 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Yaxing, Sichuan | 3.27 | 5 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] |
Fengfeng, Hebei | 15.03 | 15 | P2 | Dai and Ren [103] | Guxu, Sichuan | 2.252 | 11 | P2 | Dai et al. [135] |
Jiaozuo, Henan | 1.02 | 2 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Taiwan | 25.38 | 4 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Pingdingshan, Henan | 1.93 | 22 | C–P | Chen and Tang [72] | Tibet | 20.11 | 24 | P3 | Fu et al. [136] |
Hebi, Henan | 1.56 | 2 | C–P | Zhao [30] | Kuche, Xinjiang | 0.85 | 15 | J1–2 | Chen and Tang [72] |
Xinmi, Henan | 1.13 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Yining, Xinjiang | 1.85 | 10 | J1–2 | Chen and Tang [72] |
Yongcheng, Henan | 2 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Santanghu, Xinjiang | 3.86 | 4 | J1–2 | Chen and Tang [72] |
Yima, Henan | 19.44 | 5 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Liuhuanggou, Xinjiang | 1.49 | 5 | J1–2 | Chen and Tang [72] |
Jiayin, Heilongjiang | 2.77 | 1 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] | Fukang, Xinjiang | 4.89 | 5 | J1–2 | Chen and Tang [72] |
Jixi, Heilongjiang | 1.95 | 7 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] | Lucaogou, Xinjiang | 5.55 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang | 17.2 | 6 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] | Aiweiergou, Xinjiang | 0.96 | 10 | J1–2 | Chen and Tang [72] |
Qitaihe, Heilongjiang | 1.85 | 3 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] | Hami, Xinjiang | 1.98 | 13 | J1–2 | Chen and Tang [72] |
Suibin, Heilongjiang | 8.75 | 4 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] | Miquan, Xinjiang | 10.25 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Jixian, Heilongjiang | 4.47 | 8 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] | Dapugou, Xinjiang | 4.69 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Hegang, Heilongjiang | 1.67 | 1 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] | Yili, Xinjiang | 20.027 | 40 | J1–2 | Dai et al. [137] |
Heihe, Heilongjiang | 2.85 | 1 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] | Hami, Xinjiang | 2.13 | 10 | J1–2 | Tang et al. [66] |
Dazhi, Hubei | 17.26 | 3 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Fukang, Xinjiang | 1.24 | 4 | J1–2 | Tang et al. [66] |
Songyi, Hubei | 4.58 | 1 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Aiweiergou, Xinjiang | 0.58 | 5 | J1–2 | Tang et al. [66] |
Lichuan, Hubei | 8.3 | 1 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Kuche, Xinjiang | 0.59 | 6 | J1–2 | Tang et al. [66] |
Hubei | 5.1 | 19 | Cui and Chen [80] | Hetian, Xinjiang | 1.76 | 1 | J1–2 | Tang et al. [66] | |
Lianshao Jinzhushan, Hunan | 2 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Zhunnan, Xinjiang | 1.49 | 5 | J1–2 | Tang et al. [66] |
Lianshao Lengshuijiang, Hunan | 23 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Kuche, Xinjiang | 2.18 | 9 | J1–2 | Tang et al. [66] |
Zhadu, Hunan | 4.14 | 17 | C–P | Yuan [104] | Lincang bangmai, Yunnan | 10.8 | 1 | E–N | Tang et al. [66] |
Meitian, Hunan | 10 | 10 | P2 | Tang et al. [66] | Lincang, Yunnan | 12 | 4 | E–N | Tang et al. [66] |
Lianshao, Hunan | 2.4 | 3 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Zhaotong, Yunnan | 9.75 | 25 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Baisha, Hunan | 4.75 | 1 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Xiaolongtan, Yunnan | 19.92 | 8 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Meitanba, Hunan | 6.05 | 1 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Xianfeng, Yunnan | 2.88 | 16 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Zixing, Hunan | 23.29 | 2 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] | Jinsuo, Yunnan | 7.01 | 2 | E–N | Gu [138] |
Meihe, Jilin | 6 | 1 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] | Kebao, Yunnan | 5.09 | 19 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Shulan, Jilin | 2.51 | 3 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] | Fengmingcun, Yunnan | 2.5 | 1 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Baishan, Jilin | 7.45 | 56 | C–P | Wu et al. [105] | Longling Daba, Yunnan | 6.98 | 2 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Liaoyuan, Jilin | 21 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Chuxiong, Yunnan | 17.39 | 3 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Xuzhou Chacheng, Jiangsu | 1.1 | 7 | C–P | Tang et al. [66] | Yaoan, Yunnan | 6.43 | 184 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Xuzhou, Jiangsu | 2.04 | 12 | C–P | Chen and Tang [72] | Kunming, Yunnan | 25.8 | 23 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] |
Fengpei, Jiangsu | 3.88 | 5 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Yuxi, Yunnan | 30.5 | 14 | E–N | Zhou [139] |
Zhenjiang, Jiangsu | 1.5 | 2 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] | Zhaotong, Yunnan | 12.7 | 24 | E–N | Zhou [139] |
Ganzhong, Jiangxi | 11.87 | 240 | P2 | Zhou [106] | Wandian, Yunnan | 21.4 | 33 | E–N | Zhou [139] |
Leping, Jiangxi | 9.5 | 1 | P2 | Zhang et al. [107] | Baolang, Yunnan | 7 | 17 | E–N | Zhou [139] |
Fengcheng, Jiangxi | 9.5 | 70 | P2 | Zhou [106] | Yaoan, Yunnan | 8.5 | 126 | E–N | Zhou [139] |
Yinggangling, Jiangxi | 10.9 | 192 | P2 | Zhou [106] | Lincang, Yunnan | 47.6 | 52 | E–N | Dai et al. [40] |
Yangqiao, Jiangxi | 4.18 | 21 | P2 | Zhou [106] | Lincang, Yunnan | 117 | 11 | E–N | Dai et al. [62] |
Pingxiang, Jiangxi | 1.65 | 8 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] | Yanshan, Yunnan | 9.1 | 3 | P2 | Dai et al. [140] |
Luoshi, Jiangxi | 3.1 | 70 | P3 | Zhou [106] | Laochang, Yunnan | 5 | 175 | P2 | Zhou [31] |
Huagushan, Jiangxi | 3.28 | 8 | P3 | Zhou [106] | Enhong, Yunnan | 1.77 | 55 | P2 | Zhou [31] |
Yongshan, Jiangxi | 11 | 7 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] | Yangchang, Yunnan | 0.9 | 97 | P2 | Zhou [31] |
Ganzhong, Jiangxi | 3.12 | 78 | P3 | Zhou [106] | Laibin, Yunnan | 1.29 | 12 | P2 | Zhou [31] |
Shenbei, Liaoning | 9.88 | 7 | E–N | Ren et al. [108] | Housuo and Qingyun, Yunnan | 0.63 | 2 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Fushunxi, Liaoning | 2.18 | 1 | E–N | Tang et al. [66] | Qujing, Yunnan | 1.13 | 1 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Fushun, Liaoning | 3.36 | 2 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] | Luoping, Yunnan | 4.88 | 1 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Shenbei, Liaoning | 16.85 | 12 | E–N | Ren et al. [39] | Yanshan, Yunnan | 15.5 | 1 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Tiefa, Liaoning | 4.1 | 3 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] | Xuanwei, Yunnan | 8.37 | 6 | P2 | Dai et al. [141] |
Fuxin, Liaoning | 4.39 | 7 | J3–K1 | Zhuang et al. [100] | Yanshan, Yunnan | 9.14 | 6 | P2 | Dai et al. [142] |
Badaohao, Liaoning | 23.3 | 1 | J3–K1 | Ren et al. [39] | Yipinglang, Yunnan | 21.85 | 2 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] |
Fuxin Haizhou, Liaoning | 4.98 | 6 | J3–K1 | Querol et al. [109] | Chuxiong, Yunnan | 11.4 | 1 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] |
Beipiao, Liaoning | 3.73 | 1 | J1–2 | Ren et al. [39] | Xinping, Yunnan | 4.6 | 1 | P3 | Ren et al. [39] |
Gongwusu, Inner Mongolia | 1.2 | 1 | C–P | Wang et al. [110] | Xinde, Yunnan | 2.53 | 4 | P2 | Dai et al. [143] |
Wuda, Inner Mongolia | 1.57 | 4 | C–P | Dai [102] | Xinde, Yunnan | 1.14 | 3 | P2 | Dai et al. [143] |
Jungar, Inner Mongolia | 0.85 | 3 | C–P | Li [111] | Luquan, Yunnan | 5.28 | 8 | D | Dai et al. [144] |
Wuhai, Inner Mongolia | 3.96 | 1 | C–P | Ren et al. [39] | Zhejiang | 11 | 5 | Cui and Chen [80] | |
Daqingshan, Inner Mongolia | 1.51 | 33 | C–P | Dai et al. [112] | Changguang, Zhejiang | 13 | 8 | P2 | Ren et al. [39] |
Administrative Division | Predicted Resource/Billion Tons [64] | Sample Number | Arsenic Content Mean Value (mg/kg) | Concentration Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anhui | 611.59 | 350 | 6.32 | 1.67 |
Beijing | 86.72 | 4 | 1.47 | 0.39 |
Fujian | 25.57 | 5 | 10.20 | 2.69 |
Gansu | 1428.87 | 14 | 2.86 | 0.75 |
Guangdong | 9.11 | 35 | 9.68 | 2.55 |
Guangxi | 17.64 | 73 | 8.82 | 2.33 |
Guizhou | 1896.9 | 547 | 7.25 | 1.91 |
Hainan | 0.01 | 1 | 8.07 | 2.13 |
Hebei | 601.39 | 115 | 6.85 | 1.81 |
Henan | 919.71 | 33 | 4.48 | 1.18 |
Heilongjiang | 176.13 | 31 | 6.47 | 1.71 |
Hubei | 2.04 | 24 | 6.73 | 1.78 |
Hunan | 45.35 | 36 | 7.22 | 1.91 |
Jilin | 30.03 | 61 | 7.41 | 1.96 |
Jiangsu | 50.49 | 26 | 2.10 | 0.55 |
Jiangxi | 40.84 | 695 | 9.04 | 2.39 |
Liaoning | 59.27 | 40 | 9.51 | 2.51 |
Inner Mongolia | 12,250.4 | 1053 | 3.80 | 1.00 |
Ningxia | 1721.11 | 30 | 1.72 | 0.45 |
Qinghai | 380.42 | 20 | 1.17 | 0.31 |
Shandong | 405.13 | 250 | 7.49 | 1.98 |
Shanxi | 3899.18 | 404 | 3.13 | 0.83 |
Shaanxi | 2031.1 | 69 | 6.43 | 1.70 |
Sichuan and Chongqing | 303.79 | 269 | 5.38 | 1.42 |
Taiwan | 1.8 | 4 | 25.38 | 6.70 |
Tibet | 8.09 | 24 | 20.11 | 5.31 |
Xinjiang | 18,037.3 | 145 | 6.88 | 1.82 |
Yunnan | 437.87 | 943 | 10.82 | 2.85 |
Zhejiang | 0.44 | 13 | 12.23 | 3.23 |
China | 45,478.3 | 5314 | 6.97 | |
5.33 (weighted average) |
Country | Arithmetic Mean | Geometric Mean | Resource Weighted Average | Sample Number | Data Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese Coal | 276.61 | 4.26 | 132 | Ren et al. [56] | |
Chinese Coal | 4.7 | 1018 | Wang [145] | ||
Chinese Coal | 4 | 1915 | Chen et al. [57] | ||
Chinese Coal | 5 | 3193 | Tang et al. [66] | ||
Chinese Coal | 6.4 | 3.96 | 297 | Wang [23] | |
Chinese Coal | 3.79 | 3386 | Dai et al. [40] | ||
Chinese Coal | 3.80 | 3453 | Ren et al. [39] | ||
Chinese Coal | 9.70 | 3.18 | 4805 | Kang [3] | |
Chinese Coal | 6.97 | 5.33 | 5314 | this study | |
American Coal | 24 | 6.5 | 7676 | Finkelman [41] | |
American Coal | 24 | 6878 | Kolker et al. [21] | ||
Australian Coal | 2 | Swaine and Goodarzi [44] | |||
Czech Coal | 39.94 | 9172 | Bouska and Pesek [45] | ||
World lignite | 7.6 ± 1.3 | 21,092 | Ketris and Yudovich [19] | ||
World bitumite | 9.0 ± 0.7 | 22,466 | Ketris and Yudovich [19] | ||
World Coal | 5 | PECH [47] |
Province/Area | Anhui Province | Northern Anhui | Southern Anhui | North Central of Anhui | Beijing | Western Beijing | Fujian Province | Central of Fujian |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Value | 6.32 | 2.35 | 10.16 | 6.37 | 1.47 | 1.00 | 10.20 | 12.00 |
CC | 1.67 | 0.62 | 2.68 | 1.68 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 2.69 | 3.17 |
Province/Area | Gansu Province | Eastern Gansu | Southeastern Gansu | Northwestern Gansu | Central of Gansu | Guangdong Province | Northeastern Guangdong | Southern Guangdong |
Mean Value | 2.86 | 3.33 | 1.50 | 3.06 | 2.99 | 9.68 | 8.00 | 13.90 |
CC | 0.75 | 0.88 | 0.40 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 2.55 | 2.11 | 3.67 |
Province/Area | Guangxi | Northern Guangxi | Southern Guangxi | Western Guangxi | Southwestern Guangxi | Central of Guangxi | Guizhou Province | Northern Guizhou |
Mean Value | 8.82 | 3.84 | 19.60 | 25.40 | 8.59 | 7.81 | 7.25 | 3.19 |
CC | 2.33 | 1.01 | 5.17 | 6.70 | 2.27 | 2.06 | 1.91 | 0.84 |
Province/Area | Northwestern Guizhou | Western Guizhou | Southwestern Guizhou | Central of Guizhou | Hainan Province | Northwestern Hainan | Hebei Province | Northeastern Hebei |
Mean Value | 5.78 | 5.91 | 12.41 | 8.01 | 8.07 | 8.07 | 6.85 | 3.53 |
CC | 1.52 | 1.56 | 3.28 | 2.11 | 2.13 | 2.13 | 1.81 | 0.93 |
Province/Area | Eastern Hebei | Southern Hebei | Western Hebei | Henan Province | Northern Henan | Eastern Henan | Western Henan | Central of Henan |
Mean Value | 6.29 | 8.77 | 2.28 | 4.48 | 1.29 | 2.00 | 19.44 | 1.90 |
CC | 1.66 | 2.31 | 0.60 | 1.18 | 0.34 | 0.53 | 5.13 | 0.50 |
Province/Area | Heilongjiang Province | Northern Heilongjiang | Northeastern Heilongjiang | Eastern Heilongjiang | Southeastern Heilongjiang | Northwestern Heilongjiang | Hubei Province | Southeastern Hubei |
Mean Value | 6.47 | 2.77 | 9.24 | 1.85 | 1.95 | 2.85 | 6.73 | 17.26 |
CC | 1.71 | 0.73 | 2.44 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.75 | 1.78 | 4.55 |
Province/Area | Southwestern Hubei | Hunan Province | Southern Hunan | Central of Hunan | Jilin Province | Northern Jilin | Southern Jilin | South Central of Jilin |
Mean Value | 6.44 | 7.22 | 11.64 | 4.72 | 7.41 | 2.51 | 7.42 | 21.00 |
CC | 1.70 | 1.91 | 3.07 | 1.25 | 1.95 | 0.66 | 1.96 | 5.54 |
Province/Area | Jiangsu Province | Northwestern Jiangsu | Southwestern Jiangsu | Jiangxi Province | Northeastern Jiangxi | Western Jiangxi | Central of Jiangxi | Liaoning Province |
Mean Value | 2.10 | 2.15 | 1.50 | 9.04 | 10.81 | 8.15 | 9.68 | 9.51 |
CC | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.40 | 2.38 | 2.85 | 2.15 | 2.55 | 2.51 |
Province/Area | Northern Liaoning | Eastern Liaoning | Western Liaoning | Southwestern Liaoning | Inner Mongolia(IM) | Northeastern IM | Southeastern IM | Western IM |
Mean Value | 12.89 | 2.97 | 4.60 | 23.30 | 3.80 | 7.83 | 2.95 | 2.59 |
CC | 3.40 | 0.78 | 1.21 | 6.15 | 1.00 | 2.07 | 0.78 | 0.68 |
Province/Area | Southwestern IM | Midwestern IM | Ningxia | Northern Ningxia | Central of Ningxia | Qinghai Province | Northern Qinghai | Eastern Qinghai |
Mean Value | 3.76 | 1.39 | 1.72 | 1.12 | 4.13 | 1.17 | 0.90 | 3.34 |
CC | 0.99 | 0.37 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 1.09 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.88 |
Province/Area | Western Qinghai | Shandong Province | Northeastern Shandong | Southern Shandong | Western Shandong | Southwestern Shandong | Central of Shandong | Shanxi Province |
Mean Value | 1.34 | 7.49 | 2.90 | 5.23 | 7.90 | 8.78 | 6.12 | 3.13 |
CC | 0.35 | 1.98 | 0.77 | 1.38 | 2.08 | 2.32 | 1.61 | 0.83 |
Province/Area | Northern Shanxi | Northeastern Shanxi | Eastern Shanxi | Southeastern Shanxi | Southern Shanxi | Northwestern Shanxi | Southwestern Shanxi | Central of Shanxi |
Mean Value | 7.89 | 10.57 | 1.14 | 2.01 | 7.70 | 1.47 | 1.31 | 3.49 |
CC | 2.08 | 2.79 | 0.30 | 0.53 | 2.03 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.92 |
Province/Area | Shaanxi Province | Northern Shaanxi | Central of Shaanxi | Sichuan Province | Northeastern Sichuan | Eastern Sichuan | Southeastern Sichuan | Southwestern Sichuan |
Mean Value | 6.43 | 1.50 | 6.50 | 4.07 | 1.99 | 3.15 | 5.86 | 1.44 |
CC | 1.70 | 0.40 | 1.71 | 1.07 | 0.53 | 0.83 | 1.55 | 0.38 |
Province/Area | Central of Sichuan | Taiwan | Tibet | Xinjiang | Northern Xinjiang | Eastern Xinjiang | Northwestern Xinjiang | Southwestern Xinjiang |
Mean Value | 3.27 | 25.38 | 20.11 | 6.88 | 2.63 | 2.31 | 16.39 | 1.76 |
CC | 0.86 | 6.70 | 5.31 | 1.81 | 0.69 | 0.61 | 4.32 | 0.46 |
Province/Area | North Central of Xinjiang | Midwest of Xinjiang | Yunnan Province | Northeastern Yunnan | Eastern Yunnan | Southeastern Yunnan | Western Yunnan | Southwestern Yunnan |
Mean Value | 1.76 | 1.20 | 10.82 | 9.03 | 3.13 | 14.28 | 20.58 | 56.19 |
CC | 0.46 | 0.32 | 2.85 | 2.38 | 0.83 | 3.77 | 5.43 | 14.83 |
Province/Area | Central of Yunnan | Zhejiang Province | Northern Zhejiang | Chongqing | Northern Chongqing | Southeastern Chongqing | Southern Chongqing | Western Chongqing |
Mean Value | 9.14 | 12.23 | 13.00 | 6.11 | 7.88 | 7.40 | 4.96 | 8.77 |
CC | 2.41 | 3.23 | 3.43 | 1.61 | 2.08 | 1.95 | 1.31 | 2.31 |
Coal-Forming Periods | Arithmetic Mean | Sample Number | Recoverable Coal Reserve (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Late Carboniferous and Early Permian | 4.63 | 1316 | 38.1 |
Late Permian | 7.13 | 1839 | 7.5 |
Late Triassic | 7.76 | 257 | 0.4 |
Early and Middle Jurassic | 4.66 | 1141 | 39.6 |
Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous | 6.88 | 88 | 12.1 |
Paleogene and Neogene | 15.5 | 606 | 2.3 |
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Guo, J.; Yao, D.; Chen, P.; Chen, J.; Shi, F. Distribution, Enrichment and Modes of Occurrence of Arsenic in Chinese Coals. Minerals 2017, 7, 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7070114
Guo J, Yao D, Chen P, Chen J, Shi F. Distribution, Enrichment and Modes of Occurrence of Arsenic in Chinese Coals. Minerals. 2017; 7(7):114. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7070114
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Jiangfeng, Duoxi Yao, Ping Chen, Jian Chen, and Fengjun Shi. 2017. "Distribution, Enrichment and Modes of Occurrence of Arsenic in Chinese Coals" Minerals 7, no. 7: 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7070114