Optimization Mechanism of Additive of Composite Sodium Salts on Vanadium Oxidation of Siliceous Shale
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material
2.2. Experimental Procedure
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Influence of Composite Additive of Two Salts on the Change of Vanadium Valence
3.2. Synergistic Effect between Two Sodium Salts on the Vanadium Oxidation and Mineral Phase Change
3.2.1. Influence of Composite Additive on the V(V) Content of Roasted Slag
3.2.2. Influence of Composite Additive on the Mineral Phase Change in Roasting
3.3. Influence of a Composite Additive of Three Sodium Salts on the Oxidation Process of Vanadium
3.4. Reaction Process Between Composite Additive and Siliceous Shale during the Roasting Process
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Multi-Elemental Analysis | Na2O | MgO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | K2O | CaO | V2O5 | P | S |
0.13 | 1.36 | 9.63 | 79.16 | 1.24 | 0.69 | 1.72 | 1.37 | 0.28 | |
As | Ti | Cr | Fe | Zn | Pb | ||||
1.32 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 2.18 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Vanadium Valence State | V(III) | V(IV) | V(V) |
---|---|---|---|
Content | 86.83 | -- | 13.17 |
Factor | Name | Low Level Values (%) | High Level Values (%) |
---|---|---|---|
A | NaCl | 0 | 10 |
B | Na2SO4 | 0 | 10 |
C | Na2CO3 | 0 | 10 |
Source | Std. Dev. | R-Squared | Adjusted R-Squared | Predicted R-Squared | PRESS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linear | 14.48 | 0.4340 | 0.2722 | −2.2206 | 8348.68 | |
Quadratic | 5.35 | 0.9558 | 0.9005 | −0.9683 | 5102.40 | Suggested |
Special Cubic | 6.17 | 0.9559 | 0.8677 | −2.1540 | 8175.88 | |
Cubic | 6.92 | 0.9815 | 0.8338 | −221.7276 | 5.774 × 105 |
Factor | Coefficient Estimate | df (Degree of Freedom) | Standard Error | 95% CI Low | 95% CI High | VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A-NaCl | 59.71 | 1 | 5.31 | 44.97 | 74.44 | 1.88 |
B-Na2SO4 | 43.84 | 1 | 5.31 | 29.10 | 58.57 | 1.88 |
C-Na2CO3 | 14.98 | 1 | 5.31 | 0.24 | 29.71 | 1.88 |
AB | 40.29 | 1 | 43.59 | −80.74 | 161.32 | 5.38 |
AC | 121.70 | 1 | 43.59 | 0.67 | 242.74 | 5.38 |
BC | 82.39 | 1 | 43.59 | −38.64 | 203.43 | 5.38 |
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Yang, X.; Feng, Y.; Li, H.; Du, Z. Optimization Mechanism of Additive of Composite Sodium Salts on Vanadium Oxidation of Siliceous Shale. Minerals 2017, 7, 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7060103
Yang X, Feng Y, Li H, Du Z. Optimization Mechanism of Additive of Composite Sodium Salts on Vanadium Oxidation of Siliceous Shale. Minerals. 2017; 7(6):103. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7060103
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xinlong, Yali Feng, Haoran Li, and Zhuwei Du. 2017. "Optimization Mechanism of Additive of Composite Sodium Salts on Vanadium Oxidation of Siliceous Shale" Minerals 7, no. 6: 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7060103