Development, Characterization, and Validation of a Cold Stage-Based Ice Nucleation Array (PKU-INA)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. Description of the Instrument
2.2. Temperature Calibration
2.3. Illite NX Characterization
2.4. Freezing Experiments of Illite NX
2.5. Distilled Water Experiments
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Temperature Calibration
3.2. Immersion Freezing of Illite NX
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Heating Rate (°C/min) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T (°C) | Tlit | Texp | Texp | Texp | Texp | Texp | Texp |
Water | 0 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Tridecane (sl) | −5.4 | −5 | −4.8 | −4.7 | −4.5 | −4.2 | −3.7 |
Tridecane (ss) | −18.2 | −18.4 | −18.3 | −18.2 | −18.1 | −17.9 | −17.5 |
Undecane (sl) | −25.6 | −25.6 | −25.5 | −25.4 | −25.1 | −24.9 | −24.6 |
Undecane (ss) | −36.9 | −38 | −37.8 | −37.7 | −37.6 | −37.3 | −36.8 |
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Chen, J.; Pei, X.; Wang, H.; Chen, J.; Zhu, Y.; Tang, M.; Wu, Z. Development, Characterization, and Validation of a Cold Stage-Based Ice Nucleation Array (PKU-INA). Atmosphere 2018, 9, 357. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9090357
Chen J, Pei X, Wang H, Chen J, Zhu Y, Tang M, Wu Z. Development, Characterization, and Validation of a Cold Stage-Based Ice Nucleation Array (PKU-INA). Atmosphere. 2018; 9(9):357. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9090357
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jie, Xiangyu Pei, Hong Wang, Jingchuan Chen, Yishu Zhu, Mingjin Tang, and Zhijun Wu. 2018. "Development, Characterization, and Validation of a Cold Stage-Based Ice Nucleation Array (PKU-INA)" Atmosphere 9, no. 9: 357. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9090357