Cellulose and Graphene Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites for FDM 3D Printing: Filament Properties and Printability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of the Waterborne Polyurethane-Urea
2.2. Obtaining of CNF, Carboxylated CNF and Graphene
2.3. Composite Preparation
2.4. Extrusion Process
2.5. Fused Deposition 3D Printing
2.6. Characterization
Biocompatibility Analyses
2.7. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.8. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.9. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
2.10. Mechanical Testing
2.11. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of the Different Nanoreinforcements
3.2. Biocompatibility of WBPUU
3.3. Characterization of Filaments
3.4. Characterization of 3D Printed Parts
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Extruder Temperature (°C) | 200 |
---|---|
Bed temperature (°C) | 45 |
Nozzle diameter (mm) | 0.6 |
Printing speed (mm/s) | 10 |
Layer height (mm) | 0.2 |
Infill Pattern | Rectilinear |
Sample | Modulus (MPa) | Stress at Yield (MPa) | Stress at Break (MPa) | Strain at Break (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
FWBPUU | 6.9 ± 1.3 a | 1.5 ± 0.1 a | 5.4 ± 0.6 a | 821.6 ± 35.4 a |
F3CNF0EX | 33.3 ± 5.8 b | 5.3 ± 0.3 b | 9.1 ± 0.4 b | 341.7 ± 53.4 b,c |
F3CNF0IN | 13.7 ± 2.9 c | 3.1 ± 0.6 c | 4.6 ± 0.8 a,c | 427.9 ± 131.0 b,d |
F3CNF1EX | 23.8 ± 7.4 d | 3.7 ± 0.3 d | 4.6 ± 0.7 c | 394.5 ± 62.9 b,d |
F3CNF1IN | 8.6 ± 2.3 a | 1.3 ± 0.6 a | 2.1 ± 1.2 d | 248.5 ± 136.0 c,d |
F3GEX | 32.4 ± 5.6 b,d,e | 9.8 ± 0.9 e | 28.2 ± 1.8 e | 914.8 ± 23.8 e |
F3GIN | 36.4 ± 6.3 b,e | 6.4 ± 0.9 f | 25.2 ± 0.9 f | 995.6 ± 59.7 f |
Sample | Modulo (MPa) | Stress at Yield (MPa) | Stress at Break (MPa) | Strain at Break (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
3D3GEX | 30.7 ± 7.8 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 11.4 ± 0.4 | 467.5 ± 7.3 |
3D3GIN | 46.7 ± 8.2 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 12.4 ± 1.3 | 451.3 ± 29.2 |
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Larraza, I.; Vadillo, J.; Calvo-Correas, T.; Tejado, A.; Olza, S.; Peña-Rodríguez, C.; Arbelaiz, A.; Eceiza, A. Cellulose and Graphene Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites for FDM 3D Printing: Filament Properties and Printability. Polymers 2021, 13, 839. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050839
Larraza I, Vadillo J, Calvo-Correas T, Tejado A, Olza S, Peña-Rodríguez C, Arbelaiz A, Eceiza A. Cellulose and Graphene Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites for FDM 3D Printing: Filament Properties and Printability. Polymers. 2021; 13(5):839. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050839
Chicago/Turabian StyleLarraza, Izaskun, Julen Vadillo, Tamara Calvo-Correas, Alvaro Tejado, Sheila Olza, Cristina Peña-Rodríguez, Aitor Arbelaiz, and Arantxa Eceiza. 2021. "Cellulose and Graphene Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites for FDM 3D Printing: Filament Properties and Printability" Polymers 13, no. 5: 839. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050839