Evaluation of Radiometric and Atmospheric Correction Algorithms for Aboveground Forest Biomass Estimation Using Landsat 5 TM Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Field Data
2.3. Spectral Data from the Landsat 5 TM Sensor
2.4. Radiometric Correction Algorithms
2.4.1. Atmospheric Correction for Flat Terrain (ATCOR2)
2.4.2. Cosine of the Sun Zenith Angle (COST)
2.4.3. Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH)
2.4.4. Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S)
2.4.5. Apparent Reflectance at the Top of Atmosphere (ToA)
2.5. Parameters Derived from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
2.6. Generation of a Database
2.7. Statistical Analysis
2.7.1. Analysis of Variance
2.7.2. Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS)
2.8. Generation of Thematic Maps
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minimum Value | Maximum Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of stems per ha | 655.47 | 322.25 | 224 | 2264 |
Diameter at breast height (cm) | 18.44 | 3.46 | 11.69 | 31.12 |
Dominant height (m) | 14.62 | 3.72 | 6.87 | 24.81 |
Stand biomass (Mg·ha−1) | 89.03 | 43.45 | 2.70 | 234.03 |
Variable | Formula | Reference |
---|---|---|
Elevation | Digital Elevation Model | |
Slope (β) | β = arctan | |
Transformed aspect (Trasp) | Trasp = | [53] |
Terrain Shape Index (TSI) | TSI = /R | [52] |
Wetness Index (WI) | WI = ln (As/tanβ) | [54] |
Profile curvature (Ø) | [55] | |
Plan curvature (ω) | ||
Curvature (x) | x = − |
Algorithm | Number of Terms | Number of Predictors | GCV | RSS | GR2 | R2 | RMSE | %RMSE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATCOR2 | 12 of 31 | 9 of 17 | 780.84 | 45556.61 | 0.59 | 0.75 | 50.37 | 56.58 |
COST | 16 of 29 | 9 of 17 | 572.13 | 26722.49 | 0.70 | 0.85 | 36.55 | 41.05 |
FLAASH | 18 of 33 | 9 of 17 | 737.91 | 30530.20 | 0.61 | 0.83 | 36.43 | 40.92 |
6S | 16 of 30 | 12 of 17 | 552.26 | 25794.27 | 0.71 | 0.86 | 33.48 | 37.61 |
ToA | 21 of 30 | 11 of 17 | 601.91 | 20452.83 | 0.68 | 0.89 | 29.82 | 33.49 |
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López-Serrano, P.M.; Corral-Rivas, J.J.; Díaz-Varela, R.A.; Álvarez-González, J.G.; López-Sánchez, C.A. Evaluation of Radiometric and Atmospheric Correction Algorithms for Aboveground Forest Biomass Estimation Using Landsat 5 TM Data. Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050369
López-Serrano PM, Corral-Rivas JJ, Díaz-Varela RA, Álvarez-González JG, López-Sánchez CA. Evaluation of Radiometric and Atmospheric Correction Algorithms for Aboveground Forest Biomass Estimation Using Landsat 5 TM Data. Remote Sensing. 2016; 8(5):369. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050369
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-Serrano, Pablito M., José J. Corral-Rivas, Ramón A. Díaz-Varela, Juan G. Álvarez-González, and Carlos A. López-Sánchez. 2016. "Evaluation of Radiometric and Atmospheric Correction Algorithms for Aboveground Forest Biomass Estimation Using Landsat 5 TM Data" Remote Sensing 8, no. 5: 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050369