Advancing Precise Orbit Determination and Precise Point Positioning of BDS-3 Satellites from B1IB3I to B1CB2a: Comparison and Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data Collection and Availability
3. POD and PPP Strategies
3.1. POD Strategies
3.2. PPP Strategies
4. Analysis and Comparison of Results
4.1. Orbit Performance
4.2. Clock Performance
4.3. FCB Performance
4.4. PPP Performance
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- Regarding orbit quality, when compared with the orbits determined using B1IB3I observations, clear improvement in quality is achieved with the B1CB2a solution. The orbit consistency indicated by OBDs is improved by around 25% on average.
- The SLR validations of the four BDS-3 MEOs indicate that the B1CB2a-based solution demonstrates a shift in the mean SLR residuals of around 1 cm, in addition to a slightly improved accuracy compared to that of the B1IB3I, by about 0.3 cm.
- The B1CB2a solution obtains slightly smaller ADEVs in comparison with the B1IB3I solution, by 6~12%.
- Regarding the PPP-AR performance, the advantage of the B1CB2a-based solution can be also observed with respect to the estimates of wide-lane/narrow-lane FCBs, convergence time, and positioning accuracy.
- A significant reduction beyond 10 min in PPP convergence time was noted when the new BDS-3 signals were used. However, the worst PPP performance in convergence time and positioning accuracy was achieved if the observations and orbit/clock products were used inconsistently.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Models | Descriptions |
---|---|
Observations | Ionosphere-free observations of B1IB3I and B1CB2a |
Time period | DOY 1 to 365 in 2022 |
Arc length and interval | 24 h and 30 s |
Elevation angle cutoff | 10 degrees |
Observation weight | Elevation > 30°: 1; Elevation ≤ 30°: 2 × sin(e) |
BDS-3 PCO values | Values from CSNO [35] |
Tropospheric delay | Saastamoinen model for a priori dry and wet zenith delay model with estimation of wet delay global mapping function for dry and wet zenith delays [36] |
Gravity model | EGM2008 with 12 degrees and orders |
Third body effect | Applied |
Satellite attitude model | Continuous yaw steering models [37,38] |
Solar radiation pressure | 5-parameter ECOM with a priori box-wing model [33] |
Relativistic effects | IERS conventions 2010 [39] |
Solid earth pole tides | IERS conventions 2010 [39] |
Ocean tides | None |
Earth radiation model | Applied [34] |
Antenna thrust | Applied [40] |
Ambiguity fixing | Fixed to integer [41] |
Inter system bias (ISB) | Estimated as arc-dependent constant for each receiver |
Parameters estimated | Orbit dynamic parameters, initial satellite positions and velocities, ISB, ambiguity, etc. |
Observations for POD | Observations for PPP | |
---|---|---|
Scheme 1 | B1IB3I | B1IB3I |
Scheme 2 | B1CB2a | B1CB2a |
Scheme 3 | B1IB3I | B1CB2a |
Solution | Along-Track | Cross-Track | Radial | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CAST-MEO | CAST-IGSO | SECM-MEO | CAST-MEO | CAST-IGSO | SECM-MEO | CAST-MEO | CAST-IGSO | SECM-MEO | |
B1IB3I | 9.2 | 13.9 | 11.4 | 3.7 | 11.2 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 23.1 | 2.9 |
B1CB2a | 4.0 | 11.7 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 9.8 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 20.6 | 2.1 |
PRN | Primary Clock Type | 1000 s (× 10−14) | 10,000 s (× 10−14) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B1I/B3I | B1c/B2a | B1I/B3I | B1c/B2a | |||
MEO-CAST | C19 | Rb | 6.06 | 5.66 | 2.20 | 1.93 |
C20 | Rb | 4.23 | 4.10 | 2.20 | 2.13 | |
C21 | Rb | 4.35 | 3.45 | 2.98 | 2.84 | |
C22 | Rb | 3.54 | 4.32 | 2.40 | 2.33 | |
C23 | Rb | 3.41 | 3.12 | 2.18 | 1.71 | |
C24 | Rb | 3.21 | 2.71 | 1.86 | 1.58 | |
C32 | Rb | 2.92 | 2.84 | 1.93 | 2.03 | |
C33 | Rb | 3.05 | 3.04 | 2.55 | 2.11 | |
C36 | Rb | 3.60 | 2.56 | 1.53 | 1.45 | |
C37 | Rb | 2.96 | 2.99 | 1.30 | 1.39 | |
C41 | Rb | 6.39 | 2.83 | 2.65 | 1.36 | |
C42 | Rb | 2.71 | 3.06 | 1.28 | 1.38 | |
C45 | PHM | 2.70 | 2.59 | 1.84 | 2.01 | |
C46 | PHM | 3.59 | 2.85 | 1.92 | 1.92 | |
MEO-SECM | C25 | PHM | 3.18 | 2.89 | 1.95 | 1.67 |
C26 | PHM | 3.12 | 3.06 | 1.81 | 1.83 | |
C27 | PHM | 2.65 | 2.43 | 1.66 | 1.61 | |
C28 | PHM | 2.86 | 2.58 | 1.88 | 1.87 | |
C29 | PHM | 3.26 | 3.12 | 2.14 | 2.01 | |
C30 | PHM | 3.23 | 2.99 | 2.89 | 2.70 | |
C34 | PHM | 3.33 | 2.56 | 1.73 | 1.63 | |
C35 | PHM | 3.27 | 3.15 | 2.37 | 2.33 | |
C43 | PHM | 3.24 | 2.92 | 2.60 | 2.40 | |
C44 | PHM | 7.47 | 6.76 | 3.04 | 2.93 | |
IGSO-CAST | C38 | PHM | 11.80 | 10.80 | 6.16 | 6.19 |
C39 | PHM | 13.10 | 12.00 | 3.68 | 3.58 | |
C40 | PHM | 28.90 | 28.90 | 9.80 | 9.77 |
PPP Result | East (min) | North (min) | Up (min) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | float | 37.5 | 15.5 | 46.0 |
AR | 36.5 | 15.0 | 41.0 | |
S2 | float | 25.0 | 9.5 | 33.5 |
AR | 24.0 | 9.5 | 30.5 | |
S3 | float | 45.0 | 33.0 | 52.0 |
AR | 45.0 | 32.5 | 50.0 |
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Wang, C.; Luo, T.; Chen, S.; Li, P. Advancing Precise Orbit Determination and Precise Point Positioning of BDS-3 Satellites from B1IB3I to B1CB2a: Comparison and Analysis. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 4926. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15204926
Wang C, Luo T, Chen S, Li P. Advancing Precise Orbit Determination and Precise Point Positioning of BDS-3 Satellites from B1IB3I to B1CB2a: Comparison and Analysis. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(20):4926. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15204926
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Chen, Tengjie Luo, Shitong Chen, and Pan Li. 2023. "Advancing Precise Orbit Determination and Precise Point Positioning of BDS-3 Satellites from B1IB3I to B1CB2a: Comparison and Analysis" Remote Sensing 15, no. 20: 4926. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15204926