Amenity/Lifestyle Migration in the Chilean Andes: Understanding the Views of “The Other” and Its Effects on Integrated Community Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Amenity/Lifestyle Migration: Differences between Groups
2.2. Amenity/Lifestyle Migration: Community Development
3. Framework for Analysis: Alterity Theory
4. Methods
4.1. Site Selection
4.2. Data Collection
4.3. Data Analysis
5. Findings
5.1. Views of the Other
5.1.1. Knowledge of the Other (Epistemology)
5.1.2. Valuation of the Other (Axiology)
With the people that care for nature, we get together with them, we have good communication with them. With the others, we don’t. They don’t fit our world. We were probably raised differently.
We have been waiting for years to get our hands in a little piece of land [through a government-led assistance program]. But these afuerinos (outsiders) come here and in a few days, they own large amounts of land. One of them bought land next to the river, where I have been going to every day with my family ever since I lived here. After she bought the land, she threatened me and my kids many times to leave the area, but I never listened to her because I knew the river is public. One day she brought big aggressive dogs to run us out of there. I had to get the law printed and bring it to her to show her she didn’t own the river and that I was allowed to be there. Oh, it got ugly many times with her.
They are quiet, shy, honest, very good people, noble, with no maliciousness. They are warm, hard-working, they are town people. They are very innocent. Very lovely people.
5.1.3. Relation to the Other (Praxeology)
I suddenly realized that they also have problems like we do. That they struggle with things as well. That they are faced with many challenges. I didn’t think that was the case, I thought they had everything figured out or given to them.
5.2. Effects of Views on Local Integrated Development
5.2.1. Lack of Shared Goals
It would be great if we all pushed towards the same direction. Things would move much faster. But it is not like that right now.
At least for me, I would like to see the peacefulness of this place to remain untouched. That is essential. I mean, people can come here to live, because you can’t really prohibit that, whomever has the money can chose where they want to live and if they like the calmness of the place and want to live here, I welcome them. I would like to see a community where we worked together, the ones who live here and the ones who migrate. But above all that, I would like to see the peacefulness of this place kept. That we care for our neighbors, that kids can go out to play or go do errands without having to worry about them…if someone needs help, we all can help, I want my kids to live the way I did. I want them to live in community.
For instance, we have a new president on the board of neighbors [who is a migrant] who lives on the route to the volcano. He cannot possibly have an idea of what happens in town if he doesn’t live here. I don’t think we share the same interests, those that affects them and us. We have lived here all our lives and see the needs that our town has.
5.2.2. Distrust and Apathy towards Local Development Organizations
Many of them [migrants] are now leaders of our organizations, but their interests are not the community’s, their interests revolve around what they want, oftentimes benefiting particular individuals.
This migrant comes in and says: “I don’t understand what the problem is. Let just have everyone buy a snow plow and put it in their vehicles and clear the snow from the ground. After all they only cost about 4 million pesos.” The locals, we looked at each other thinking, who the hell has that kind of money? The tone and the condescending ways of some of these migrants is simply something we could not take any more during the meetings.
They [the migrants] come here to tell us what to do and how to do it. They don’t understand that we already dealt with all of that years ago. They come here to reinvent the wheel thinking we don’t understand how to deal with our own town.
Look, at this moment the only thing I would like to see is a Malacahuello where things get done. I would love to see, perhaps a board of neighbors or whatever you call it, that can run this town. That board should be well formed, with clear ideas and should have power to do interesting things, beautiful things, that have something to do with sports or culture…but for that we need a good board, with good leadership, that knows how to run this place. It would be nice to see a board that was inclusive, because in here that doesn’t happen. And it is not fair, I think things should be even for everyone.
I would like to see a fusion between the outsiders and us, so that we can all work together for the good of the community, no matter where the ideas come from…More than anything else I would like to see an integration of people, from the outside and from here, that they join and push towards the same direction.
6. Discussion
A fundamental problem of human societies is to create unity out of potential diversity. Hence, rhetoric is a persisting necessity. The courtship of sexes, the socialization of children, the establishment of leadership, and the struggle for power are primarily matters of persuasion rather than genetic or instinctual programming (p. 74).
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locals (n = 22) | Migrants (n = 24) | |
---|---|---|
Average Age (years) | 49 | 47.5 |
Age Range (years) | 20–85 | 30–90 |
Gender Distribution | 14F–8M | 18F–6M |
Average Education (levels) | 4.7 | 6.5 |
Average Income (Chilean pesos/month) | 1.5 | 2.5 |
Average Time in the Community (years) | 41.7 | 7.6 |
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Matarrita-Cascante, D.; Zunino, H.; Sagner-Tapia, J. Amenity/Lifestyle Migration in the Chilean Andes: Understanding the Views of “The Other” and Its Effects on Integrated Community Development. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091619
Matarrita-Cascante D, Zunino H, Sagner-Tapia J. Amenity/Lifestyle Migration in the Chilean Andes: Understanding the Views of “The Other” and Its Effects on Integrated Community Development. Sustainability. 2017; 9(9):1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091619
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatarrita-Cascante, David, Hugo Zunino, and Johanna Sagner-Tapia. 2017. "Amenity/Lifestyle Migration in the Chilean Andes: Understanding the Views of “The Other” and Its Effects on Integrated Community Development" Sustainability 9, no. 9: 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091619