Overheating and Daylighting; Assessment Tool in Early Design of London’s High-Rise Residential Buildings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Standards and Benchmarks
2.2. Simulation Software and Weather Files
2.3. Base Model Characteristics
2.4. Design Combinations and Model Characteristics
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Overheating and Daylighting Performance in Relation to Apartment’s Floor Position
3.2. Impact of the Orientation on the Overheating and Daylighting Performances
3.3. Overheating, Daylighting and Ventilation Strategy
3.4. Summary of Results
4. Design Assessment Tools
- Relationship between the design variables (orientation, floor position, glazing ratio and thermal mass) and the predicted internal temperatures of the mechanically ventilated apartments.
- Relationship between the design variables (orientation, floor position, glazing ratio and thermal mass) and the predicted internal temperatures of naturally ventilated apartments.
- Relationship between the design variables (orientation, floor position, glazing ratio and thermal mass) and the predicted daylighting factor.
- Tav.in(occup): Average internal air temperature during the occupied hours.
- : Average Daylight Factor (%).
- : Orientation, the yearly vertical solar radiation of the flat’s orientation (kWh/m2·a).
- : Position, the yearly vertical solar radiation on the flat’s facade (kWh/m2·a).
- : The window/wall glazing ratio of the flat (%).
- : The thermal mass of the flat (kJ/m2·K).
- Climate data: Control, TRY 2030, TRY 2050, TRY 2080
- Ventilation strategy: mechanical, natural
- Glazing Ratio: 40%, 60%, 80%
- Thermal mass: low, medium
- Orientation: north, east, south, west
- Flat position: top, middle top, middle bottom, bottom
- Type of space: living room, bedroom
- Meeting both overheating criteria and daylighting levels
- Meeting overheating criteria, but not daylighting levels
- Not meeting overheating criteria, but meeting daylighting levels
- Neither meeting overheating criteria nor meeting daylighting levels
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Orientation | S.R at 0% Shaded (kWh/m2·a) Flat Position: Top Floor | S.R at 25% Shaded (kWh/m2·a) Flat Position: Middle Top Floor | S.R at 50% Shaded (kWh/m2·a) Flat Position: Middle Bottom Floor | S.R at 75% Shaded (kWh/m2·a) Flat Position: Bottom Floor |
---|---|---|---|---|
North | 360 | 320 | 190 | 130 |
East | 590 | 455 | 260 | 160 |
South | 750 | 560 | 360 | 185 |
West | 560 | 440 | 270 | 150 |
A.S.H (m) | 0 | 12 | 17 | 33 |
Design Variables | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Typology | Floor Position | Orientation | Thermal Mass | Glazing Ratio | Ventilation | Weather |
Single-sided | Bottom Middle bottom | North East | Low | 40% 60% | Mechanical | Control TRY 2030 |
Double-sided | Middle top Top | South West | Medium | 80% | Natural | TRY 2050 TRY 2080 |
Construction Elements | U-Values (W/m2·K) | g-Value | Glazing Lighting Transmittance | Window Frame Factor (%) | Window Proportion Length/Height |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
External walls | 0.15 | ||||
Roof | 0.1 | ||||
Floor | 0.1 | ||||
Windows | 0.85 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 30 | 0.33 |
Space | Internal Gain Category | Sensible Gain | Latent Gain | Occupancy Profile and Number of Occupant |
---|---|---|---|---|
Master Bedroom | People | 50.2 W/person | 23.6 W/person | 10:00 p.m.–7:00 a.m. every day 2 people |
Lighting | 18 W | 6:00 a.m.–7:00 a.m. 9:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. every day | ||
Appliances | 20 W | 6:00 a.m.–7:00 a.m. 10:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. every day + 10% heat gains for background standby use 24 h/day | ||
Bedroom | People | 50.2 W/person | 23.6 W/person | 10:00 p.m.–7:00 a.m. every day 1 people |
Lighting | 18 W | 6:00 a.m.–7:00 a.m. 9:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. every day | ||
Appliances | 20 W | 6:00 a.m.–7:00 a.m. 10:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. every day + 10% heat gains for background standby use 24 h/day | ||
Living room | People | 75 W/person | 55 W/person | 6:00 a.m.–9:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. Every day; 2 people |
Lighting | 36 W | 8:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. every day | ||
Appliances | 120 W | 6:00 a.m.–9:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. every day + 10% heat gains for background standby use 24 h/day | ||
Kitchen | People | 75 W/person | 55 W/person | 7:00 p.m.–8:00 p.m. |
Cooking appliances | 1000 W | 7:00 p.m.–9:00 p.m. | ||
Fridge/Freezer | 31 W | 24 h/day |
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Nebia, B.; Tabet Aoul, K. Overheating and Daylighting; Assessment Tool in Early Design of London’s High-Rise Residential Buildings. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091544
Nebia B, Tabet Aoul K. Overheating and Daylighting; Assessment Tool in Early Design of London’s High-Rise Residential Buildings. Sustainability. 2017; 9(9):1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091544
Chicago/Turabian StyleNebia, Bachir, and Kheira Tabet Aoul. 2017. "Overheating and Daylighting; Assessment Tool in Early Design of London’s High-Rise Residential Buildings" Sustainability 9, no. 9: 1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091544