Mapping and Monitoring the Akagera Wetland in Rwanda
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Datasets
2.3. Methodology
2.3.1. Wetland Delineation
2.3.2. Landsat Image Pre-Processing
2.3.3. Image Processing and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Delineation of the Wetland
3.2. Wetland Classification
3.3. Selected Lakes’ Surface Water Extent Dynamics
4. Discussion
4.1. Wetland Demarcation and Classification
4.2. Lakes’ Surface Water Extent Dynamics
4.3. Uncertainties, Outlooks, and Prospects
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sensor | Scene ID | Path & Row | Acquisition Date |
---|---|---|---|
Landsat 5 TM | LT51720611987036 | Path 172, row 61 | 5 February 1987 |
Landsat 5TM | LT51720611994247 | Path 172, row 61 | 4 September 1994 |
Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC on | LE71720611999189 | Path 172, row 61 | 8 July 1999 |
Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC off | LE71720612005237 | Path 172, row 61 | 25 August 2005 |
Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC off | LE71720612010187 | Path 172, row 61 | 6 July 2010 |
Landsat 8 OLI | LC81720612015193 | Path 172, row 61 | 12 July 2015 |
Class Name | User’s Accuracy | Producer’s Accuracy | Overall Accuracy |
---|---|---|---|
Water | 100% | 96.1% | 81.9% |
Swamp Forest | 63.8% | 96.7% | |
Papyrus Swamp | 81.6% | 64.5% | |
Hippo grass | 80% | 75.4% | |
Floodplain | 83.3% | 87.5% |
1987 | 1994 | 1999 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hago | 1759 | 1715 | 1700 | 1714 | 1693 | 1824 |
Ihema | 9275 | 9215 | 9310 | 8858 | 8855 | 9012 |
Kivumba | 1164 | 1152 | 1170 | 1076 | 1165 | 1100 |
Mihindi | 1287 | 895 | 970 | 985 | 1027 | 1092 |
Rwanyakizinga | 2063 | 2055 | 2112 | 2084 | 2075 | 2147 |
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Ndayisaba, F.; Nahayo, L.; Guo, H.; Bao, A.; Kayiranga, A.; Karamage, F.; Nyesheja, E.M. Mapping and Monitoring the Akagera Wetland in Rwanda. Sustainability 2017, 9, 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020174
Ndayisaba F, Nahayo L, Guo H, Bao A, Kayiranga A, Karamage F, Nyesheja EM. Mapping and Monitoring the Akagera Wetland in Rwanda. Sustainability. 2017; 9(2):174. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020174
Chicago/Turabian StyleNdayisaba, Felix, Lamek Nahayo, Hao Guo, Anming Bao, Alphonse Kayiranga, Fidele Karamage, and Enan M. Nyesheja. 2017. "Mapping and Monitoring the Akagera Wetland in Rwanda" Sustainability 9, no. 2: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020174