Innovative Application of the Public–Private Partnership Model to the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Status of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Construction
2.1. Gaps between Supply and Demand Are Broadening Increasingly
2.2. Technological Advances Never Stop
2.3. Intensive Release of Policies
2.4. Social Capital Is Relatively Abundant
3. Analysis of the Reasons for Backward Charging Infrastructure Construction
3.1. Large-Scale Investment and Unclear Rights and Liabilities
3.2. A Single Body for Charging Infrastructure Construction and Operation
3.3. Various Risks Coexist
3.4. Support Systems Need Strong Coordination
4. Innovative Application of the PPP Model to Charging Infrastructure Construction
4.1. Government Mechanisms for Encouraging the Application of the PPP Model to Charging Infrastructure Construction
4.2. Mechanisms for Operating Social Capital to Apply the PPP Model to Charging Infrastructure Construction
4.3. Intermediary Support Mechanisms for Social Capital to Encourage the Application of the PPP Model to Charging Infrastructure Construction
5. Conclusions and Future Research
5.1. Conclusions
5.2. Future Research
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Issuing Time | File Name | Issuing Body |
---|---|---|
30 January 2015 | Regulation on the Implementation of the Government Procurement Law of the People’s Republic of China [24] | No. 658 Decree by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China |
18 March 2015 | Opinions on Accelerating the Promotion of the Application of New Energy Vehicles in the Transportation Industry [25] | The Ministry of Transport |
26 March 2015 | Automobile Storage Battery Industry Standard Conditions [26] | The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology |
7 April 2015 | Guidelines on Demonstration of Financial Capacity of the Government and Social Capital Cooperation Projects [27] | The Ministry of Finance |
22 April 2015 | Notice on the Promotion of Financial Support Policies by New Energy Vehicles in 2016–2020 [28] | The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Development and Reform Commission |
7 May 2015 | Notice on Vehicle and Vessel Tax Incentive Policies on Energy-saving or New Energy Vehicles and Vessels [29] | The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, National Tax Bureau |
8 May 2015 | Made in China, 2025 [30] | The State Council |
11 May 2015 | Notice on Improving Oil Price Subsidy Policies of Urban Buses and Speeding up Application of New Energy Vehicles [31] | The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Transport |
25 June 2015 | Notice on Further Improving Demonstration Work of the Government and Social Capital Cooperation Projects [32] | The Ministry of Finance |
9 October 2015 | Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Construction [33] | The General Office of the State Council |
17 November 2015 | Guidelines on Development of the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure (2015–2020) [34] | National Development and Reform Commission, National Energy Administration, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development |
23 December 2015 | Management Approaches on Investment and Construction of Public Charging Facilities for New Energy Minibuses in Beijing City [35] | Development and Reform Commission of Beijing |
11 January 2016 | Notice on Incentive Policies on New Energy Vehicle Charging Infrastructure and Strengthening the Application of New Energy Vehicles during the Thirteenth-Five Year Plan Period [36] | The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Development and Reform Commission, National Energy Administration |
11 January 2016 | Implementation Plan for Speeding up the Construction of Electric Car Charging Infrastructure in Chongqing City [37] | Municipal Government Office of Chongqing |
12 January 2016 | Government Office of Anhui Province’s Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure [38] | Government Office of Anhui Province |
19 January 2016 | Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Provincial Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure [39] | Government Office of Hebei Province |
25 January 2016 | Special Plan for New Energy Vehicle Charging Facilities in Luzhou City (2015–2030) [40] | Municipal Urban-rural Planning Administration of Luzhou |
Project Name | Launch Date | Proposed Cooperation Term | Investment Amount (yuan) (RMB) | Target |
---|---|---|---|---|
Public charging infrastructure for a new energy vehicles network project in Tianjin | 28 October 2014 | 20 years | 516 million | Charging piles: 2000 Bus charging stations: 40 |
Pure electric bus charging station project in Xuzhou | 1 March 2015 | 15 years | 138 million | Bus charging stations: 27 |
Charging infrastructure for a new energy electric vehicle project in Anqing | 18 January 2016 | 13 years | 818 million | Charging piles: 1700 Bus charging stations: 4 (no less than 99 dc charging piles) |
Combination of parking and maintenance, as well as charging for a new energy school bus project in Zunyi, Guizhou Province | 1 October 2015 | 15 years | 50 million | Replace or add 20 new energy buses, build three parking lots in Jiutianmen, Pearl, Yingbin avenue, as well as constructing a comprehensive maintenance field, charging pile, and ancillary facilities |
Electric vehicle charging station construction project in Xining, Qinghai province | 1 January 2016 | 30 years | 50 million | Build charging station in Xining City and Qinghai Lake scenic spot |
Pure electronic bus charging station/pile construction project in Kuerle, Xinjiang province | 17 November 2015 | 30 years | 300 million | Charging piles: 170 Charging stations: 3 (no less than 90 charging piles) |
Motor vehicle charging infrastructure construction project in Hetian | 21 September 2015 | 30 years | 55 million | Proposed construction of five large urban public charging infrastructure systems |
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Yang, T.; Long, R.; Li, W.; Rehman, S.U. Innovative Application of the Public–Private Partnership Model to the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China. Sustainability 2016, 8, 738. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080738
Yang T, Long R, Li W, Rehman SU. Innovative Application of the Public–Private Partnership Model to the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China. Sustainability. 2016; 8(8):738. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080738
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Tong, Ruyin Long, Wenbo Li, and Saif UR Rehman. 2016. "Innovative Application of the Public–Private Partnership Model to the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China" Sustainability 8, no. 8: 738. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080738