Development of the Social Inventory Database in Thailand Using Input–Output Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. LCA Model
2.2. Social Inventory Database Development Based on IO Model
2.2.1. Matrix of Direct Input Coefficient
2.2.2. Matrix of Social Footprint Coefficient
2.2.3. Final Demand Vector
2.2.4. Calculation of Total Social Impacts
2.3. Data Processing
Measure | Indicators | Unit | Definition | Data Source | Data Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Employment | Total employment | Persons-year | Total employment required for the production of goods and services | NSO (2006) [33] | 2005 |
Gender inequality | Female employment | Persons-year | Total female employment required for the production of goods and services | NSO (2006) [33] | 2005 |
Working hours | Worked hours | Hours-year | Total number of hours actually worked per year for the production of goods and services. Actual hours worked include regular work hours of full-time, part-time workers, self-employed workers, and exclude time not worked. | BOT (2014) [34] | 2005 |
Wages and salaries | Income | Million Thai Baht | The compensation by employers to employees. Employees are classified as long-term workers, temporary workers, executives and hired laborers in the agricultural sector, but excluded family workers. | NSO (2006) [35] | 2005 |
NSO (2007) [36] | 2006 | ||||
NSO (2007) [37] | 2006 | ||||
Fatal occupational cases | Fatal cases in workplace | Cases-year | Cases where workers were fatally injured as a result of occupational accidents, and where death occurred within one year of the day of the accident. | SSO (2006) [38] | 2005 |
Non-fatal occupational cases | Non-fatal cases in workplace | Cases-year | Cases of occupational injury where the workers injured were unable to work temporarily or permanently from the day after the day of the accident. | SSO (2006) [38] | 2005 |
3. Results
3.1. Employment
3.1.1. Employment Intensity
3.1.2. Employment Footprint
3.2. Female Employment
3.2.1. Female Employment Intensity
3.2.2. Female Employment Footprint
3.3. Working-Hours
3.3.1. Working Hour Intensity
3.3.2. Working Hour Footprint
3.4. Wages
3.4.1. Wages Intensity
3.4.2. Wages Footprint
3.5. Non-Fatal Occupational Injury
3.5.1. Non-Fatal Occupational Injury Intensity
3.5.2. Non-Fatal Occupational Cases Footprint
3.6. Fatal Occupational Injury
3.6.1. Fatal Occupational Injury Intensity
3.6.2. Fatal Occupational Injury Footprint
3.7. Consumption in Social Footprints
Issues | Sector | Total Footprint | Domestic Share | Exports Share |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total employment footprint (persons-year) | 1. Wholesale and retail trade | 6,373,337 | 86% | 14% |
2. Paddy | 4,085,795 | 100% | 0% | |
3. Rice milling and grinding of maize | 4,006,438 | 62% | 38% | |
4. Restaurant and drinking places | 3,899,616 | 88% | 12% | |
5. Construction | 3,228,436 | 100% | 0% | |
6. Bean and vegetables | 2,894,725 | 95% | 5% | |
7. Rubber | 2,413,161 | 84% | 16% | |
8. Transportation | 2,303,101 | 66% | 34% | |
9. Fruits | 2,089,589 | 96% | 5% | |
10. Radio and television | 1,917,277 | 4% | 96% | |
Female employment footprint (persons-year) | 1. Wholesale and retail | 3,056,033 | 86% | 14% |
2. Restaurant and drinking places | 2,139,324 | 88% | 12% | |
3. Paddy | 1,835,384 | 100% | 0% | |
4. Rice milling and grinding of maize | 1,776,372 | 62% | 38% | |
5. Bean and vegetables | 1,300,323 | 95% | 5% | |
6. Radio and television | 1,191,804 | 4% | 96% | |
7. Wearing apparels except footwear | 1,153,195 | 67% | 33% | |
8. Rubber | 1,084,353 | 84% | 16% | |
9. Fruits | 937,153 | 96% | 4% | |
10. Rubber products, tires and tubes | 764,558 | 35% | 65% | |
Worked hours footprint (million hours-year) | 1. Wholesale and retail trade | 14,820 | 86% | 14% |
2. Restaurant and drinking places | 7304 | 88% | 12% | |
3. Construction | 6997 | 100% | 0% | |
4. Rice milling and grinding of maize | 5683 | 62% | 38% | |
5. Paddy | 5625 | 100% | 0% | |
6. Transportation | 4972 | 66% | 34% | |
7. Radio and television | 4223 | 4% | 96% | |
8. Bean and vegetables | 3901 | 95% | 5% | |
9. Wearing apparels except footwear | 3622 | 67% | 33% | |
10. Rubber | 3375 | 84% | 16% | |
Wages footprint (million Thai Baht) | 1. Wholesale and retail trade | 579,949 | 86% | 14% |
2. Transportation | 305,861 | 66% | 34% | |
3. Public administration | 298,720 | 100% | 0% | |
4. Education and research | 247,547 | 100% | 0% | |
5. Motor vehicle | 202,985 | 59% | 41% | |
6. Construction | 202,219 | 100% | 0% | |
7. Petroleum refineries products | 201,174 | 82% | 18% | |
8. Electrical industrial machinery | 197,261 | 18% | 82% | |
9. Radio and television | 183,232 | 4% | 96% | |
10. Electricity generation | 174,758 | 100% | 0% | |
Fatal occupational injury footprint (cases-year) | 1. Construction | 221 | 100% | 0% |
2. Wholesale and retail trade | 184 | 86% | 14% | |
3. Transportation | 166 | 66% | 34% | |
4. Motor vehicle | 69 | 59% | 41% | |
5. Radio and television | 65 | 4% | 96% | |
6. Business services | 57 | 92% | 8% | |
7. Electrical industrial machinery | 54 | 18% | 82% | |
8. Metal products | 45 | 57% | 43% | |
9. Iron and steel | 40 | 76% | 24% | |
10. Restaurant and drinking places | 40 | 88% | 12% | |
Non-fatal occupational injury footprint (cases-year) | 1. Motor Vehicle | 11,745 | 59% | 41% |
2. Construction | 10,851 | 100% | 0% | |
3. Metal products | 8966 | 57% | 43% | |
4. Wholesale and retail trade | 8468 | 86% | 14% | |
5. Iron and steel | 6748 | 76% | 24% | |
6. Electrical industrial machinery | 6202 | 18% | 82% | |
7. Radio and television | 6039 | 4% | 96% | |
8. Transportation | 5157 | 66% | 34% | |
9. Wooden furniture and fixtures | 3378 | 67% | 33% | |
10. Restaurant and drinking places | 3162 | 88% | 12% |
4. Discussion
4.1. Policy Implications
4.2. Supply Chain Implications
4.3. Consumer Implications
4.4. Limitation of This Study
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix
New Code | Aggregated Sectors (96 × 96 Sectors) | Conventional Thai IO Table (180 × 180 Sectors) |
---|---|---|
Primary Sectors | ||
001 | Paddy | 001 |
002 | Maize and cereals | 002, 003 |
003 | Cassava | 004 |
004 | Beans, vegetables, and other root crops | 005,006, 007 |
005 | Fruits and coconut | 008, 010 |
006 | Sugarcane | 009 |
007 | Oil palm | 011 |
008 | Textile crops | 012, 013 |
009 | Tobacco | 014 |
010 | Coffee and tea | 015 |
011 | Rubber | 016 |
012 | Other agricultural products | 017 |
013 | Livestock | 018–023 |
014 | Agricultural services | 024 |
015 | Forestry | 025–027 |
016 | Fishery | 028–029 |
017 | Coal and lignite | 030 |
018 | Petroleum and natural gas | 031 |
019 | Metal ore mining | 032–035 |
020 | Non-metal ore mining | 036–041 |
Secondary Sectors | ||
021 | Slaughtering, meat canned, and dairy products | 042–044 |
022 | Canning of fruits and vegetables | 045 |
023 | Canning preserving of fish | 046 |
024 | Coconut and palm oil | 047 |
025 | Other vegetable and animal oils | 048 |
026 | Rice milling and grinding of maize | 049, 051 |
027 | Tapioca milling | 050 |
028 | Flour and other grain milling | 052 |
029 | Other food products | 053, 054, 056, 057, 058, 060 |
030 | Sugar | 055 |
031 | Coffee and tea processing | 059 |
032 | Animal feed | 061 |
033 | Distilling blending spirits | 062 |
034 | Breweries | 063 |
035 | Soft drinks | 064 |
036 | Tobacco processing and products | 065, 066 |
037 | Spinning | 067 |
038 | Textile weaving, bleaching and finishing | 068, 069 |
039 | Made-up textile goods and knitting | 070, 071 |
040 | Wearing apparels except footwear | 072 |
041 | Carpets, rugs, cordage rope, and twine products | 073, 074 |
042 | Leather products and footwear | 075, 076, 077 |
043 | Saws mills | 078 |
044 | Wood and cork products | 079 |
045 | Furniture and fixtures wood | 080 |
046 | Pulp and paper products | 081, 082 |
047 | Printing and publishing | 083 |
048 | Basic industrial chemicals | 084 |
049 | Fertilizer and pesticides | 085 |
050 | Synthetic resins and plastics | 086 |
051 | Other chemical products | 087, 089, 090, 091, 092 |
052 | Drugs and medicines | 088 |
053 | Petroleum refineries products | 093, 094 |
054 | Rubber sheets, block rubber, tires, and tubes | 095, 096 |
055 | Other rubber products | 097 |
056 | Plastic wares | 098 |
057 | Ceramics and clay products | 099, 101, 104 |
058 | Glass and glass products | 100 |
059 | Cement and concrete products | 102, 103 |
060 | Iron and steel products | 105, 106 |
061 | Non-ferrous metal | 107 |
062 | Fabricated metal products | 108, 109, 110, 111 |
063 | Engines and turbines | 112 |
064 | Agricultural machinery | 113 |
065 | Wood and metal working machinery | 114 |
066 | Special industrial machinery | 115 |
067 | Office and household machinery | 116 |
068 | Electrical industrial machinery | 117 |
069 | Radio and television | 118 |
070 | Household electrical appliances | 119 |
071 | Wire, cable, battery, and other electrical apparatuses | 120, 121, 122 |
072 | Ship building | 123 |
073 | Motor vehicle | 125 |
074 | Motorcycle, bicycle and other carriages | 126 |
075 | Railway equipment, repairing of motor vehicle, and aircraft | 124, 127, 128 |
076 | Precision products | 129, 130, 131 |
077 | Jewelry and related articles | 132 |
078 | Other manufacturing goods | 133, 134 |
079 | Electricity | 135 |
080 | Pipeline | 136 |
081 | Water supply system | 137 |
082 | Construction | 138–144 |
Tertiary Sectors | ||
083 | Wholesale and retail trade | 145, 146 |
084 | Restaurant and drinking place | 147 |
085 | Hotel and lodging place | 148 |
086 | Transportation | 149–158 |
087 | Post and telecommunication | 159 |
088 | Financial services | 160–162 |
089 | Real-estate | 163 |
090 | Business service | 164 |
091 | Public administration | 165 |
092 | Sanitary and similar services | 166 |
093 | Education and research | 167, 168 |
094 | Hospital | 169 |
095 | Other services | 170–178 |
096 | Unclassified | 180 |
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Papong, S.; Itsubo, N.; Malakul, P.; Shukuya, M. Development of the Social Inventory Database in Thailand Using Input–Output Analysis. Sustainability 2015, 7, 7684-7713. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067684
Papong S, Itsubo N, Malakul P, Shukuya M. Development of the Social Inventory Database in Thailand Using Input–Output Analysis. Sustainability. 2015; 7(6):7684-7713. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067684
Chicago/Turabian StylePapong, Seksan, Norihiro Itsubo, Pomthong Malakul, and Masanori Shukuya. 2015. "Development of the Social Inventory Database in Thailand Using Input–Output Analysis" Sustainability 7, no. 6: 7684-7713. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067684