Urban Air Quality Monitoring in Decarbonization Context; Case Study—Traditional Coal Mining Area, Petroșani, Romania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. General and Local Context
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Working Methodology
- –
- MP1 at the intersection of E79 with the entrance to the city of Petrila, at the roundabout from Dărănești;
- –
- MP2 at the intersection of E79 with the road to the Parâng Mountain Resort, at the roundabout from Victoriei Square;
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- MP3 at the intersection of E79 with Mihai Viteazul Street, at the roundabout next to the prosecutor’s office attached to Petroșani Court;
- –
- MP4 at the intersection of E79 with December 1, 1918 Street, at the roundabout known as At the plane (La Avion);
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- MP5 on the E79 road, near the Livezeni Mining Exploitation;
- –
- MP6 at the intersection of E79 with the entrance to the Kaufland Supermarket, at the roundabout.
3.2. Monitoring Equipment
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- Manometer—used for pressure and airflow measurement;
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- Thermo-hygrometer—used for testing dew point, wet temperature, enthalpy and absolute temperature;
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- Air quality probe—used for measuring the level of CO in a space;
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- Current/voltage module;
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- Thermometer—thermocouple and thermocouple temperature probes.
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Date | 7 March 2020 | 13 March 2020 | 18 May 2020 | 24 May 2020 * (Night) | 2 July 2020 | M.A.C. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monitoring Point | ||||||||
CO [mg/m3] | MP1 | 1.00 | 4.50 | 2.40 | - | 5.30 | 6.0 mg/m3 | |
MP2 | 1.20 | 3.00 | 3.40 | - | 2.30 | |||
MP3 | 1.40 | 1.20 | 2.30 | 0.40 | 2.00 | |||
MP4 | 1.80 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 0.90 | 0.00 | |||
MP5 | 1.30 | 0.50 | 4.10 | - | 3.80 | |||
MP6 | 1.10 | 1.80 | 2.60 | - | 1.30 | |||
CO2 [mg/m3] | MP1 | 565.00 | 1081.00 | 682.66 | - | 948.00 | ** | |
MP2 | 505.00 | 824.00 | 748.55 | - | 1046.00 | |||
MP3 | 458.00 | 828.00 | 774.17 | 549.06 | 1015.0 | |||
MP4 | 492.00 | 1002.00 | 724.76 | 580.17 | 1061.0 | |||
MP5 | 475.00 | 964.00 | 770.51 | - | 966.00 | |||
MP6 | 1624.0 | 766.00 | 768.68 | - | 1025.0 | |||
NO [mg/m3] | MP1 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.00 | - | 0.09 | ** | |
MP2 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.00 | - | 0.08 | |||
MP3 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | |||
MP4 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | |||
MP5 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.00 | - | 0.04 | |||
MP6 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.00 | - | 0.04 | |||
NO2 [mg/m3] | MP1 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.07 | - | 0.20 | 0.3 mg/m3 | |
MP2 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 | - | 0.20 | |||
MP3 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 6.00 | |||
MP4 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 4.20 | |||
MP5 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.17 | - | 11.40 | |||
MP6 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.13 | - | 4.90 | |||
SO2 [mg/m3] | MP1 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.18 | - | 0.02 | 0.75 mg/m3 | |
MP2 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.53 | - | 0.00 | |||
MP3 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.00 | |||
MP4 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.00 | |||
MP5 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.26 | - | 0.00 | |||
MP6 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.23 | - | 0.00 | |||
PM1 [mg/m3] | MP1 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.01 | - | 0.01 | ** | |
MP2 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.01 | - | 0.01 | |||
MP3 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | |||
MP4 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||
MP5 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | - | 0.01 | |||
MP6 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | - | 0.01 | |||
PM2.5 [mg/m3] | MP1 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.03 | - | 0.03 | ** | |
MP2 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.03 | - | 0.10 | |||
MP3 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.08 | |||
MP4 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | |||
MP5 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.02 | - | 0.03 | |||
MP6 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.02 | - | 0.04 | |||
PM10 [mg/m3] | MP1 | 0.04 | 1.54 | 0.26 | - | 0.29 | ** | |
MP2 | 0.06 | 1.11 | 0.19 | - | 0.54 | |||
MP3 | 0.03 | 0.51 | 0.43 | 0.03 | 0.64 | |||
MP4 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.09 | |||
MP5 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.09 | - | 0.17 | |||
MP6 | 0.08 | 0.83 | 0.10 | - | 0.09 | |||
TSP [mg/m3] | MP1 | 0.04 | 1.55 | 0.26 | - | 0.54 | 0.5 mg/m3 | |
MP2 | 0.06 | 1.12 | 0.19 | - | 0.97 | |||
MP3 | 0.04 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 0.04 | 1.10 | |||
MP4 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.34 | |||
MP5 | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.11 | - | 0.47 | |||
MP6 | 0.08 | 0.83 | 0.11 | - | 0.43 |
Parameter | Date | 7 March 2020 | 13 March 2020 | 18 May 2020 | 24 May 2020 * (Night) | 2 July 2020 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monitoring Point | |||||||
V [m/s] | MP1 | 0.311 | 0.363 | 0.576 | - | 1.012 | |
MP2 | 0.161 | 0.398 | 0.728 | - | 1.455 | ||
MP3 | 0.496 | 1.354 | 0.415 | 0.272 | 1.386 | ||
MP4 | 0.331 | 1.508 | 0.840 | 0.237 | 0.828 | ||
MP5 | 0.156 | 1.380 | 1.180 | - | 0.909 | ||
MP6 | 0.194 | 0.408 | 0.455 | - | 2.962 | ||
P [hPa] | MP1 | 936.9 | 937.9 | 944.4 | - | 940.3 | |
MP2 | 936.8 | 937.2 | 944.6 | - | 941.2 | ||
MP3 | 935.7 | 937.1 | 945.6 | 947.0 | 941.2 | ||
MP4 | 937.2 | 939.0 | 949.0 | 950.0 | 943.4 | ||
MP5 | 939.0 | 940.1 | 949.0 | - | 944.5 | ||
MP6 | 940.4 | 941.2 | 952.1 | - | 945.6 | ||
W [%RH] | MP1 | 59.95 | 38.53 | 43.14 | - | 42.89 | |
MP2 | 68.28 | 40.02 | 31.13 | - | 41.99 | ||
MP3 | 76.43 | 36.55 | 25.72 | 64.01 | 37.43 | ||
MP4 | 82.19 | 34.00 | 31.36 | 70.69 | 42.57 | ||
MP5 | 77.66 | 34.76 | 25.31 | - | 36.58 | ||
MP6 | 75.63 | 38.45 | 27.42 | - | 38.40 | ||
T [°C] | MP1 | 8.8 | 19.0 | 8.0 | - | 28.0 | |
MP2 | 8.4 | 20.2 | 11.0 | - | 29.0 | ||
MP3 | 9.3 | 22.1 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 29.6 | ||
MP4 | 6.8 | 23.2 | 13.0 | 11.0 | 29.6 | ||
MP5 | 9.0 | 22.6 | 14.0 | - | 30.3 | ||
MP6 | 8.0 | 20.9 | 14.0 | - | 31.1 |
Date | 7 March 2020 | 13 March 2020 * | 18 May 2020 | 24 May 2020 (Night) | 2 July 2020 * | M.A.C. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | |||||||
CO [mg/m3] | 0.82–1.07 | 0.94–1.25 | 1.47–1.59 | 1.43–1.47 | 0.15–0.44 | 6.0 mg/m3 | |
CO2 [mg/m3] | - | - | - | - | - | ** | |
NO [mg/m3] | 0.01–0.02 | 0.01–0.03 | 0.01–0.03 | 0.01–0.02 | 0.01–0.02 | ** | |
NO2 [mg/m3] | 0.01–0.02 | 0.01–0.02 | 0.01–0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01–0.02 | 0.3 mg/m3 | |
SO2 [mg/m3] | 0.01 | 0.01–0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.75 mg/m3 | |
PM1 [mg/m3] | - | - | - | - | - | ** | |
PM2.5 [mg/m3] | - | - | - | - | - | ** | |
PM10 [mg/m3] | 0.02 | 0.01–0.04 | 0.01–0.03 | 0–0.01 | 0.02 | ** | |
TSP [mg/m3] | - | - | - | - | - | 0.5 mg/m3 |
Date | 7 March 2020 | 13 March 2020 | 18 May 2020 | 24 May 2020 (Night) | 2 July 2020 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | ||||||
V [m/s] | 0–3.8 | 0.2–5.7 | 0.4–3.6 | 0.1–3.1 | 0.3–3.0 | |
P [hPa] | 933.4–935.1 | 936.1–941.1 | 948.6–949.6 | 944.2–946.3 | 939.9–941.7 | |
W [%RH] | 62–99 | 52–99 | 79–99 | 93–99 | 58–99 | |
T [°C] | 5.1–12.3 | 3.6–20.7 | 14.1–22.2 | 10.7–14.4 | 17.1–28.6 |
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Rezmerița, E.; Radu, S.M.; Călămar, A.-N.; Lorinț, C.; Florea, A.; Nicola, A. Urban Air Quality Monitoring in Decarbonization Context; Case Study—Traditional Coal Mining Area, Petroșani, Romania. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138165
Rezmerița E, Radu SM, Călămar A-N, Lorinț C, Florea A, Nicola A. Urban Air Quality Monitoring in Decarbonization Context; Case Study—Traditional Coal Mining Area, Petroșani, Romania. Sustainability. 2022; 14(13):8165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138165
Chicago/Turabian StyleRezmerița, Evelina, Sorin Mihai Radu, Angelica-Nicoleta Călămar, Csaba Lorinț, Adrian Florea, and Aurelian Nicola. 2022. "Urban Air Quality Monitoring in Decarbonization Context; Case Study—Traditional Coal Mining Area, Petroșani, Romania" Sustainability 14, no. 13: 8165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138165