Impact of Application of Abscisic Acid, Benzothiadiazole and Chitosan on Berry Quality Characteristics and Plant Associated Microbial Communities of Vitis vinifera L var. Mouhtaro Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Set up and Sampling
2.2. Must Conventional Analyses
2.3. DNA Extraction, Amplicon Sequencing and Bioinformatic Analysis
2.4. Statistical and Diversity Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Analysis of Grape Berries
3.2. Phenolic Composition of the Grape Berries
3.3. α-Diversity Patterns
3.4. β-Diversity Patterns
3.5. Community Structure and Discriminant ASVs
3.6. Linking Members of the Microbial Communitites in the Carposhere with Berries Chemical Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number of Application | Application Date | Treatment |
---|---|---|
1st | 26/07/2019 | ABA, CTH, BTH |
2nd | 29/07/2019 | ABA |
2nd | 1/08/2019 | CHT and BTH |
3rd | 1/08/2019 | ABA |
3rd | 8/08/2019 | CHT and BTH |
Treatments | Weight (g/berry) | Total Soluble Solids (TSS) (°BRIX) | Total Acidity (g/L of Tartaric Acid) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 2.14 ± 0.03a | 22.4 ± 0.62b | 6.68 ± 0.13b | 3.32 ± 0.02a |
ABA | 2.11 ± 0.04a | 23.5 ± 0.04a | 7.90 ± 0.19a | 3.31 ± 0.02a |
CHT | 1.97 ± 0.05b | 22.5 ± 0.47b | 6.69 ± 0.33b | 3.28 ± 0.20a |
BTH | 2.09 ± 0.05a | 23.5 ± 0.12a | 8.35 ± 0.39a | 3.29 ± 0.02a |
Treatments | Total Anthocyanins (g/L) | Extractable Anthocyanins (g/L) |
---|---|---|
Control | 0.67 ± 0.09c | 0.42 ± 0.03b |
ABA | 0.76 ± 0.02b | 0.48 ± 0.03a |
CHT | 1.06 ± 0.03a | 0.48 ± 0.01a |
BTH | 0.83 ± 0.09ab | 0.46 ± 0.04ab |
Treatments | Seed Maturity Index (%) | Skin Maturity Index (%) |
---|---|---|
Control | 53.8 ± 3.5a | 46.2 ± 3.5b |
ABA | 53.9 ± 2.7a | 46.7 ± 2.7b |
CHT | 43.2 ± 2.6b | 56.8 ± 2.7a |
BTH | 50.5 ± 9.6a | 49.5 ± 9.6b |
Habitat | Prokaryotic Community | Fungal Community |
---|---|---|
Rhizosphere | 26.5% *** 1 | 17.7% *** |
Phyllosphere | 13.4% *** | 19.3 * |
Carposphere | 27.5% *** | 29.5% *** |
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Miliordos, D.-E.; Tsiknia, M.; Kontoudakis, N.; Dimopoulou, M.; Bouyioukos, C.; Kotseridis, Y. Impact of Application of Abscisic Acid, Benzothiadiazole and Chitosan on Berry Quality Characteristics and Plant Associated Microbial Communities of Vitis vinifera L var. Mouhtaro Plants. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5802. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115802
Miliordos D-E, Tsiknia M, Kontoudakis N, Dimopoulou M, Bouyioukos C, Kotseridis Y. Impact of Application of Abscisic Acid, Benzothiadiazole and Chitosan on Berry Quality Characteristics and Plant Associated Microbial Communities of Vitis vinifera L var. Mouhtaro Plants. Sustainability. 2021; 13(11):5802. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115802
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiliordos, Dimitrios-Evangelos, Myrto Tsiknia, Nikolaos Kontoudakis, Maria Dimopoulou, Costas Bouyioukos, and Yorgos Kotseridis. 2021. "Impact of Application of Abscisic Acid, Benzothiadiazole and Chitosan on Berry Quality Characteristics and Plant Associated Microbial Communities of Vitis vinifera L var. Mouhtaro Plants" Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5802. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115802