A Bi-Objective Fuzzy Credibilistic Chance-Constrained Programming Approach for the Hazardous Materials Road-Rail Multimodal Routing Problem under Uncertainty and Sustainability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Literature Review
1.3. The Research Gap between the Literature and the Hazardous Materials Multimodal Transportation Practice
1.4. Our Contributions to Bridging the Research Gap
1.5. Organization of the Study
2. Formulation Characteristics of the Hazardous Materials Routing Problem
2.1. Determining Optimization Object: Multiple Transportation Orders
2.2. Modeling Transportation Modes: Combination of Unscheduled and Scheduled Transportation Modes
- (1)
- Fixed running route of a freight train.
- (2)
- Fixed operation time window of a freight train at a rail terminal, i.e., a time interval from the operation start instant to the operation cutoff instant.
- (3)
- Fixed departure instant of a freight train from a rail terminal.
- (4)
- Fixed arrival instant of a freight train at a rail terminal.
- (5)
- Operational period of a freight train.
2.3. Setting Optimization Criterion: A Bi-Objective Optimization
2.4. Formulating Network Capacity: A Complex Bundling Network
3. Optimization Model
3.1. Assumptions to the Model
3.2. Building Objective Functions
3.3. Preseneting Constraints
4. A Three-Stage Exact Solution Strategy
4.1. Step 1: Defuzziness by Fuzzy Credibilistic Chance-Constrained Programming
4.2. Step 2: Linearization
4.3. Step 3: A Normalized Weighting Method to Generate the Pareto Frontier to the Problem
5. Computational Experiment
5.1. Case Description
5.2. Computation Environment
5.3. Parato Frontier to the Hazardous Materials Routing in the Numerical Case
5.4. Sensitivity Analysis of the Hazardous Materials Routing with Respect to the Credibility Confidence
5.5. Sensitivity Analysis of the Hazardous Materials Routing with Respect to the Emission Cap
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Freight Trains (m) | Train Routes ((i,j)) | Operation Start Instants at Origins ( | Operation Cutoff Instants at Origins ( | Operation Start Instants at Destinations ( | Capacities ( | Periods in Train per day | Travel Distances in km ( |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (4, 7) | 15 | 20 | 30 | 550 | 1 | 184 |
2 | (4, 7) | 6 | 13 | 22 | 583 | 1 | 184 |
3 | (4, 8) | 5 | 10 | 21 | 720 | 1 | 210 |
4 | (4, 8) | 3 | 11 | 24 | 750 | 1 | 210 |
5 | (4, 9) | 9 | 16 | 32 | 640 | 1 | 280 |
6 | (4, 9) | 14 | 21 | 36 | 610 | 1 | 280 |
7 | (5, 7) | 8 | 14 | 25 | 675 | 1 | 193 |
8 | (5, 7) | 13 | 19 | 31 | 710 | 1 | 193 |
9 | (5, 8) | 7 | 15 | 25 | 750 | 1 | 185 |
10 | (5, 8) | 10 | 16 | 27 | 650 | 1 | 185 |
11 | (5, 9) | 0 | 8 | 22 | 584 | 1 | 178 |
12 | (5, 9) | 6 | 15 | 25 | 540 | 1 | 178 |
13 | (6, 7) | 11 | 20 | 37 | 591 | 1 | 315 |
14 | (6, 7) | 14 | 19 | 40 | 630 | 1 | 315 |
15 | (6, 8) | 4 | 11 | 22 | 725 | 1 | 236 |
16 | (6, 8) | 8 | 16 | 30 | 690 | 1 | 236 |
17 | (6, 9) | 12 | 17 | 29 | 525 | 1 | 291 |
18 | (6, 9) | 15 | 23 | 35 | 570 | 1 | 291 |
Truck Fleet Groups (m) | Arcs ((i,j)) | Capacities in Ton ( | Travel Times in Hour ( | Travel Distances in km ( |
---|---|---|---|---|
19 | (1, 4) | 300 | 1.5 | 68 |
20 | (1, 5) | 490 | 2.0 | 85 |
21 | (1, 6) | 400 | 5.0 | 120 |
22 | (2, 4) | 380 | 3.0 | 90 |
23 | (2, 5) | 460 | 2.8 | 105 |
24 | (2, 6) | 290 | 1.8 | 75 |
25 | (3, 4) | 320 | 5.6 | 114 |
26 | (3, 5) | 410 | 2.2 | 94 |
27 | (3, 6) | 340 | 2.0 | 100 |
28 | (7, 10) | 305 | 2.3 | 95 |
29 | (7, 11) | 410 | 3.2 | 118 |
30 | (7, 12) | 295 | 6.0 | 130 |
31 | (8, 10) | 350 | 4.3 | 106 |
32 | (8, 11) | 420 | 1.7 | 64 |
33 | (8, 12) | 442 | 2.4 | 93 |
34 | (9, 10) | 288 | 6.2 | 122 |
35 | (9, 11) | 390 | 3.7 | 102 |
36 | (9, 12) | 265 | 1.4 | 70 |
Transportation Arcs | Fuzzy Population Exposures in Thousand People | ||
---|---|---|---|
(1, 4) | 620.3 | 704.2 | 786.4 |
(1, 5) | 710.6 | 758.0 | 816.5 |
(1, 6) | 524.8 | 581.7 | 640.7 |
(2, 4) | 395.1 | 470.6 | 520.4 |
(2, 5) | 443.2 | 500.8 | 570.3 |
(2, 6) | 603.5 | 683.2 | 748.6 |
(3, 4) | 540.5 | 610.3 | 700.1 |
(3, 5) | 570.0 | 632.7 | 696.5 |
(3, 6) | 403.6 | 486.2 | 523.7 |
(4, 7) | 551.0 | 650.8 | 689.5 |
(4, 8) | 670.6 | 730.2 | 761.8 |
(4, 9) | 445.8 | 554.8 | 570.4 |
(5, 7) | 350.7 | 423.4 | 480.4 |
(5, 8) | 660.5 | 703.5 | 750.8 |
(5, 9) | 580.5 | 630.7 | 670.4 |
(6, 7) | 365.1 | 410.0 | 430.8 |
(6, 8) | 586.0 | 616.8 | 653.5 |
(6, 9) | 368.5 | 402.6 | 440.3 |
(7, 10) | 521.4 | 589.5 | 626.1 |
(7, 11) | 510.9 | 596.0 | 630.8 |
(7, 12) | 646.5 | 721.5 | 760.5 |
(8, 10) | 410.5 | 442.3 | 500.4 |
(8, 11) | 557.4 | 620.5 | 640.1 |
(8, 12) | 584.7 | 650.2 | 710.8 |
(9, 10) | 615.5 | 727.5 | 760.6 |
(9, 11) | 311.8 | 350.7 | 387.0 |
(9, 12) | 547.9 | 598.3 | 643.5 |
Nodes (i) | Fuzzy Population Exposures in Thousand People | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 25.0 | 34.4 | 48.3 |
2 | 15.4 | 22.9 | 35.6 |
3 | 18.6 | 23.1 | 38.0 |
4 | 16.7 | 28.4 | 41.2 |
5 | 30.4 | 35.6 | 50.6 |
6 | 10.5 | 13.2 | 25.3 |
7 | 15.2 | 28.7 | 33.0 |
8 | 12.3 | 23.2 | 31.5 |
9 | 11.2 | 17.4 | 25.7 |
10 | 20.1 | 28.4 | 35.5 |
11 | 25.1 | 35.6 | 40.4 |
12 | 14.7 | 20.2 | 25.8 |
Transportation Orders (p) | Origins (op) | Destinations | Volumes in ton | Release Instants | Due Dates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 10 | 30 | 4 | [44, 62] |
2 | 1 | 11 | 43 | 8 | [54, 78] |
3 | 1 | 11 | 53 | 10 | [69, 95] |
4 | 1 | 12 | 37 | 16 | [73, 71] |
5 | 2 | 10 | 61 | 3 | [50, 70] |
6 | 2 | 10 | 46 | 10 | [65, 95] |
7 | 2 | 11 | 65 | 9 | [54, 77] |
8 | 2 | 12 | 36 | 14 | [58, 91] |
9 | 3 | 10 | 70 | 7 | [52, 72] |
10 | 3 | 11 | 63 | 13 | [70, 89] |
11 | 3 | 12 | 41 | 3 | [52, 60] |
12 | 3 | 12 | 55 | 17 | [60, 85] |
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Parameters | Representations |
---|---|
Transportation order set. | |
Index of transportation order and . | |
Index of the origin of transportation order . | |
Index of the destination of transportation order . | |
Volume in ton of transportation order . | |
Release instant of transportation order at origin . | |
Due date (represented by a time window) of accomplishing transportation order . If the accomplishment of transportation order is earlier than the lower bound , penalty costs should be paid to cover the additional storage, handling and maintenance of hazardous materials before they get further processed. However, it is not allowed that the transportation order is accomplished later than the upper bound , otherwise the processing of hazardous materials after transportation will be entirely disrupted. |
Parameters | Representations |
Node set of the road-rail multimodal transportation network, including origins, destinations and rail terminals where transshipments are conducted. | |
Arc set of the road-rail multimodal transportation network. | |
Transportation service set of the road-rail multimodal transportation network. | |
Indices of the nodes and . | |
Indices of the transportation services and . | |
Directed arc from node to node and . | |
Set of the predecessor nodes to node , and . | |
Set of the successor nodes to node , and . | |
Set of transportation services on arc and . | |
Set of freight trains on arc and . | |
Set of truck fleets on arc and . | |
Fixed operation time window of freight train at rail terminal . | |
Travel time in hour of truck fleet on directed arc . | |
Travel distance in km of transportation service on directed arc . | |
Separate loading and unloading time per ton of transportation service at node . | |
Variables | Representations |
0-1 variable: if node is in the route for transporting transportation order , = 1; otherwise = 0. | |
0-1 variable: if transportation service on directed arc is used for transporting hazardous materials of transportation order , = 1; otherwise = 0. | |
Non-negative variable: the instant when the hazardous materials of transportation order arrive at node . | |
Non-negative variable: the storage time of hazardous materials of transportation order at rail terminal before they get loaded on freight train operated on directed arc . |
Parameters | Representations |
---|---|
Transportation costs per ton per km of transportation service on directed arc . | |
Separate loading and unloading costs per ton of transportation service . | |
Storage costs per ton per hour. | |
Penalty costs per ton per hour. | |
Fuzzy population exposure along directed arc when using transportation service and , where , and are the most pessimistic, the most possible and the most optimistic values of , respectively. | |
Fuzzy population exposure around node and . The representations of , and are similar to those of , and . |
Transportation Mode | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Rail | 0.20 | 5.8 | 0.15 | 500 |
Road | 0.75 | 5.5 | / |
Transportation Mode | ||
---|---|---|
Rail | 0.0000108 | 7.0 |
Road | 0.0000443 |
Programming Software | LINGO 12.0 |
---|---|
Developer | LINDO Systems Inc., Chicago, IL, USA [72] |
Implemented Algorithm | Standard Branch-and-Bound Algorithm |
Solution State | Exact Solution(s) (Global Optimum) |
Platform | ThinkPad Laptop with Intel Core i5-5200U, 2.20 GHz CPU, and 8 GB RAM |
Number of Variables | Number of Integer Variables | Number of Constraints |
---|---|---|
1375 | 780 | 3905 |
Transportation Orders | Best Road-Rail Multimodal Routes |
---|---|
1 | 1− Truck fleet group 20 → 5 − Freight train 7 in Day 2 → 7 − Truck fleet group 28 → 10 |
2 | 1− Truck fleet group 19 → 4 − Freight train 7 in Day 2 → 8 − Truck fleet group 32 → 11 |
3 | 1− Truck fleet group 19 → 4 − Freight train 5 in Day 2 → 9 − Truck fleet group 35 → 11 |
4 | 1− Truck fleet group 20 → 5 − Freight train 8 in Day 2 → 7 − Truck fleet group 30 → 12 |
5 | 2− Truck fleet group 23 → 5 − Freight train 7 in Day 2 → 7 − Truck fleet group 28 → 10 |
6 | 2− Truck fleet group 23 → 5 − Freight train 8 in Day 2 → 7 − Truck fleet group 28 → 10 |
7 | 2− Truck fleet group 24 → 6 − Freight train 17 in Day 2 → 9 − Truck fleet group 35 → 11 |
8 | 2− Truck fleet group 24 → 6 − Freight train 17 in Day 2 → 9 − Truck fleet group 36 → 12 |
9 | 3− Truck fleet group 26 → 5 − Freight train 7 in Day 2 → 7 − Truck fleet group 28 → 10 |
10 | 3− Truck fleet group 27 → 6 − Freight train 17 in Day 2 → 9 − Truck fleet group 35 → 11 |
11 | 3− Truck fleet group 27 → 6 − Freight train 18 in Day 1 → 9 − Truck fleet group 36 → 12 |
12 | 3− Truck fleet group 27 → 6 − Freight train 17 in Day 2 → 9 − Truck fleet group 36 → 12 |
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Sun, Y.; Li, X.; Liang, X.; Zhang, C. A Bi-Objective Fuzzy Credibilistic Chance-Constrained Programming Approach for the Hazardous Materials Road-Rail Multimodal Routing Problem under Uncertainty and Sustainability. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2577. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092577
Sun Y, Li X, Liang X, Zhang C. A Bi-Objective Fuzzy Credibilistic Chance-Constrained Programming Approach for the Hazardous Materials Road-Rail Multimodal Routing Problem under Uncertainty and Sustainability. Sustainability. 2019; 11(9):2577. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092577
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Yan, Xinya Li, Xia Liang, and Cevin Zhang. 2019. "A Bi-Objective Fuzzy Credibilistic Chance-Constrained Programming Approach for the Hazardous Materials Road-Rail Multimodal Routing Problem under Uncertainty and Sustainability" Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2577. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092577