Climate Chamber Experiment-Based Thermal Analysis and Design Improvement of Traditional Huizhou Masonry Walls
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Objectives and Methodology
2.1. Site Monitoring
2.2. Proposed Insulation Scenarios for Huizhou Masonry Walls
2.3. Thermal Performance Simulation
2.4. Climate Chamber Experiment
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Monitoring Results and Analysis
3.2. Simulation Results for the Proposed Insulation Scenarios
3.3. Climate Chamber Experiment Results
4. Comparison and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Building Type | Function | |
---|---|---|---|
Historical | Modern | ||
Brick | √ | Wall body, sheathing brick | |
Tile | √ | √ | Cornice, wall ridge |
Lime | √ | √ | Plaster |
Yellow Mud | √ | √ | Filling course, cementing materials |
Granite | √ | √ | Lintels, wall foundation |
Blue Stone | √ | √ | Decoration |
Cobblestone | √ | √ | Wall bottom |
Cement Brick | √ | Wall body | |
Cement | √ | Cementing materials |
Materials | Dry Density (ρ0) (kg/m3) | Thermal Conductivity (λ) [W/(m·K)] | Thermal Mass (S) [kJ/(m2·K)] | Specific Heat Capacity (c) (kJ/kg·K) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Historical building | Clay brick | 1700 | 0.76 | 9.96 | 1.05 |
Yellow mud | 1800 | 0.93 | 11.03 | 1.01 | |
Modern building | Concrete brick | 1800 | 0.81 | 10.63 | 1.05 |
Concrete mortar | 1700 | 0.93 | 11.31 | 1.05 |
Content | Unit | Technical Index | |
---|---|---|---|
Dry density | kg/m³ | ≤300 | |
Thermal conductivity | W/(m·K) | ≤0.065 | |
Compressive strength | MPa | ≥0.40 | |
Pressure–shear bond strength | kPa | ≥70 | |
Linear Shrinkage | % | ≤0.3 | |
Softening coefficient | - | ≥0.60 | |
Thermal mass | kJ/(m2·K) | ≥2.30 | |
Frost-resistance | Mass loss rate | % | ≤5 |
Compressive strength loss rate | % | ≤25 | |
Fire resistance level | - | A grade |
Dry Density Grade | A04 | A05 | A06 | A07 | A08 | A09 | A010 | A011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry Density (ρ0) (kg/m3) | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1000 |
Thermal Conductivity (λ) (W/m·K) | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.27 |
Material | Dry Density (ρ0) (kg/m3) | Thermal Conductivity (λ) [W/(m·K)] | Thermal Mass (S) [kJ/(m2·K)] | Specific Heat Capacity (c) (kJ/kg·K) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Concrete brick | 1800 | 0.81 | 10.63 | 1.05 |
Foamed concrete | 800 | 0.21 | - | - |
Inorganic thermal insulation mortar | 300 | 0.065 | 2.3 | - |
Interior Surface Temperature (θI) (°C) | Exterior Surface Temperature (θE) (°C) | Heat Flux (q) (W/m2) | Thermal Resistance (R) (m2·K/W) | Thermal Transmittance (K) (W/m2·K) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Historical building | 26.6 | 6.6 | 52.8 | 0.379 | 1.892 |
New-built building | 24.5 | 8.6 | 77.6 | 0.205 | 2.821 |
Insulation Scenarios | Scenario 1 | Scenario 2 | Scenario 3 | Scenario 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Thermal resistance (R) (m2·K/W) | 0.378 | 0.409 | 0.416 | 0.757 |
Thermal transmittance (K) (W/m2·K) | 1.895 | 1.789 | 1.767 | 1.102 |
Insulation Scenarios | Scenario 1 | Scenario 2 | Scenario 3 | Scenario 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Interior surface temperature (θI) (°C) | 21.396 | 20.802 | 20.206 | 23.053 |
Exterior surface temperature (θE) (°C) | 9.575 | 8.226 | 7.496 | 8.133 |
Temperature difference (θD) (°C) | 11.821 | 12.576 | 12.710 | 14.920 |
Heat flux (q) (W/m2) | 32.029 | 30.488 | 32.844 | 20.695 |
Thermal resistance (R) (m2·K/W) | 0.369 | 0.407 | 0.403 | 0.701 |
Thermal transmittance (K) (W/m2·K) | 1.927 | 1.795 | 1.808 | 1.175 |
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Dong, L.; Zhou, H.; Li, H.; Liu, F.; Zhang, H.; Al-Hussein, M. Climate Chamber Experiment-Based Thermal Analysis and Design Improvement of Traditional Huizhou Masonry Walls. Sustainability 2018, 10, 694. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030694
Dong L, Zhou H, Li H, Liu F, Zhang H, Al-Hussein M. Climate Chamber Experiment-Based Thermal Analysis and Design Improvement of Traditional Huizhou Masonry Walls. Sustainability. 2018; 10(3):694. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030694
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Ling, Hailong Zhou, Hongxian Li, Fei Liu, Hong Zhang, and Mohamed Al-Hussein. 2018. "Climate Chamber Experiment-Based Thermal Analysis and Design Improvement of Traditional Huizhou Masonry Walls" Sustainability 10, no. 3: 694. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030694