Distribution Changes of Phosphorus in Soil–Plant Systems of Larch Plantations across the Chronosequence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description and Experimental Design
2.2. Plant Sampling and Analysis
2.3. Soil Sampling and Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. P Distribution Changes in Tree Components with Stand Age on Larch Plantations
3.2. Variation of Soil P Fractions with Stand Age of Larch Plantations
3.3. Stock of Soil Labile P and Larch P
4. Discussion
4.1. Variations of Larch N:P Ratio, PRE, P Concentration, and P Accumulation across the Larch-Plantation Chronosequence
4.2. Variations of Soil P Fractions across the Larch-Plantation Chronosequence
4.3. Stock of Larch P and Soil Labile P
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stand Properties | Stand Age (Years) | ||
---|---|---|---|
10 | 25 | 50 | |
Elevation (m) | 525 (3) | 620 (3) | 650 (5) |
Slope (°) | 13 (0.7) | 15 (0.9) | 17 (0.6) |
Density (trees ha−1) | 3688 (320) | 1966 (220) | 960 (130) |
DBH (cm) | 6.15 (0.1) | 15.25 (0.2) | 25.08 (0.4) |
Tree height (m) | 7.20 (0.3) | 18.24 (0.1) | 24.38 (0.6) |
Soil type | Typical brown forest soil | Typical brown forest soil | Typical brown forest soil |
Soil bulk density (g cm−3) | 1.41 (0.05) | 1.13 (0.07) | 1.23 (0.06) |
SOC (%) | 2.57 (0.24) | 3.00 (0.09) | 3.14 (0.39) |
Soil total Fe (%) | 2.47 (0.13) | 2.88 (0.11) | 2.32 (0.07) |
Soil total Al (%) | 6.33 (0.56) | 6.34 (0.31) | 5.98 (0.54) |
Soil pH | 5.98 (0.09) | 5.79 (0.11) | 5.84 (0.06) |
Tree Component | Phosphorus (P) Concentration (g kg−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|
10-Year-Old | 25-Year-Old | 50-Year-Old | |
Green leaf | 1.8 (0.04) A | 1.6 (0.02) B | 1.0 (0.01) C |
Root | 0.3 (0.01) B | 0.3 (0.01) B | 0.5 (0.01) A |
Bark | 0.2 (0.02) A | 0.2 (0.01) A | 0.2 (0.03) A |
Branch | 0.5 (0.02) C | 0.8 (0.01) A | 0.7 (0.05) B |
Stem | 0.1 (0.01) A | 0.1 (0.01) A | 0.1 (0.01) A |
Senesced leaf | 1.3 (0.02) A | 0.9 (0.01) B | 0.2 (0.01) C |
N:P Ratio | |||
Green Leaf | 13.9 (0.22) C | 15.4 (0.56) B | 18.8 (0.42) A |
Root | 23.3 (0.32) A | 15.8 (0.40) B | 11.0 (0.58) C |
Bark | 12.5 (0.24) A | 12.9 (0.12) A | 12.7 (0.36) A |
Branch | 7.5 (0.47) A | 4.8 (0.36) C | 6.1 (0.67) B |
Stem | 18.2 (0.46) A | 20.0 (0.84) A | 18.8 (0.64) A |
Senesced leaf | 6.3 (0.21) A | 8.1 (0.34) B | 32.6 (1.21) C |
Tree Component | Biomass (kg tree−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|
10-Year-Old | 25-Year-Old | 50-Year-Old | |
Leaf | 1.50 | 3.86 | 5.87 |
Root | 1.69 | 13.84 | 52.77 |
Bark | 2.00 | 21.47 | 33.23 |
Branch | 0.76 | 10.85 | 35.80 |
Stem | 3.67 | 69.77 | 244.71 |
Total tree | 9.62 | 119.79 | 372.38 |
Stand Age (years) | Resin-P (mg kg−1) | NaHCO3-P (mg kg−1) | NaOH-P (mg kg−1) | HCl-P (mg kg−1) | Residual-P (mg kg−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NaHCO3-Pi | NaHCO3-Po | NaOH-Pi | NaOH-Po | ||||
10 | 4.3 | 19.8 | 24.0 | 29.3 | 125.8 | 47.2 | 153.4 |
(0.06) A | (0.23) A | (1.88) A | (0.65) B | (3.97) A | (0.82) A | (7.27) A | |
25 | 3.7 | 11.8 | 13.7 | 34.9 | 52.1 | 27.7 | 108.9 |
(0.18) B | (0.81) B | (1.35) B | (1.43) A | (6.33) C | (0.45) B | (5.45) B | |
50 | 1.9 | 5.2 | 21.5 | 14.9 | 74.3 | 14.4 | 145.1 |
(0.08) C | (0.30) C | (1.21) A | (1.52) C | (8.38) B | (0.67) C | (5.90) A |
Stand Age (years) | Soil Labile P Stock (kg ha−1) | Larch P Stock (kg ha−1) | Green Leaf P Stock (kg ha−1) | Senesced Leaf P Stock (kg ha−1) | PRE (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 135.61 | 15.87 | 9.79 | 5.42 | 44.60 |
25 | 66.15 | 50.15 | 11.91 | 5.01 | 58.01 |
50 | 70.53 | 65.07 | 5.47 | 0.93 | 83.71 |
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Zeng, F.; Chen, X.; Huang, B.; Chi, G. Distribution Changes of Phosphorus in Soil–Plant Systems of Larch Plantations across the Chronosequence. Forests 2018, 9, 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9090563
Zeng F, Chen X, Huang B, Chi G. Distribution Changes of Phosphorus in Soil–Plant Systems of Larch Plantations across the Chronosequence. Forests. 2018; 9(9):563. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9090563
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeng, Fanpeng, Xin Chen, Bin Huang, and Guangyu Chi. 2018. "Distribution Changes of Phosphorus in Soil–Plant Systems of Larch Plantations across the Chronosequence" Forests 9, no. 9: 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9090563