A Parallel-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effects of a Far-Infrared-Emitting Collar on Neck Disorder
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Muscle Hardness
Group | Placebo Group | FIR group | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measurement | Pre | Post | Difference (ΔP) | P Value (pre vs. post) | Pre | Post | Difference (ΔF) | P Value (pre vs. post) | P Value (ΔP vs. ΔF) | |
Muscle hardness (N) | 30.43 ± 5.5 | 29.7 ± 4.6 | −0.7 ± 3.7 | 0.190 | 29.8 ± 4.5 | 28.9 ± 4.3 | −1.2 ± 2.8 | 0.026 * | 0.412 | |
Skin temperature (°C) | 34.0 ± 0.6 | 35.1 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.001 * | 34.0 ± 0.7 | 35.9 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 0.001 * | 0.003 * | |
Blood flow (PU) | 93.5 ± 23.8 | 174.4 ± 65.7 | 80.9 ± 63.0 | 0.001 * | 96.2 ± 21.3 | 228.9 ± 95.8 | 132.6 ± 96.8 | 0.001 * | 0.020 * | |
Visual analogue scale | Pain | 3.6 ± 2.3 | 2.1 ± 1.8 | −1.5 ± 1.3 | 0.001 * | 3.8 ± 2.2 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | −1.7 ± 1.5 | 0.001 * | 0.433 |
Anxiety | 2.8 ± 2.3 | 1.7 ± 2.1 | −1.1 ± 1.9 | 0.004 * | 3.5 ± 2.3 | 2.0 ± 1.8 | −1.8 ± 1.7 | 0.001 * | 0.077 | |
Depression | 2.2 ± 2.2 | 1.3 ± 1.8 | −0.9 ± 1.4 | 0.002 * | 3.2 ± 2.3 | 1.7 ± 1.7 | −1.4 ± 1.6 | 0.001 * | 0.122 | |
Fatigue | 4.6 ± 2.5 | 2.5 ± 2.1 | −2.1 ± 2.2 | 0.001 * | 5.2 ± 2.6 | 2.9 ± 2.2 | −2.4 ± 2.1 | 0.001 * | 0.615 |
2.2. Temperature
2.3. Blood Flow
2.4. Pain, Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Collars of the FIRC Group and Placebo Group
3.2. Participants
3.3. Procedures
3.4. Physical Monitoring
3.5. Participant-Recorded Outcome Measures
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lin, Y.-S.; Hung, K.-S.; Liau, B.-Y.; Yang, C.-H.; Yang, A.; Huang, K.-S. A Parallel-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effects of a Far-Infrared-Emitting Collar on Neck Disorder. Materials 2015, 8, 5862-5876. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8095279
Lin Y-S, Hung K-S, Liau B-Y, Yang C-H, Yang A, Huang K-S. A Parallel-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effects of a Far-Infrared-Emitting Collar on Neck Disorder. Materials. 2015; 8(9):5862-5876. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8095279
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Yung-Sheng, Kuo-Sheng Hung, Ben-Yi Liau, Chih-Hui Yang, Aiga Yang, and Keng-Shiang Huang. 2015. "A Parallel-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effects of a Far-Infrared-Emitting Collar on Neck Disorder" Materials 8, no. 9: 5862-5876. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8095279