Electrical and Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Used as the Impressed Current Anode Material
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Behavior of CFRP Plate in Simulated ICCP Systems
2.1. Specimen Preparation
Series | Current (mA) | Test duration (day) | No. of specimens |
---|---|---|---|
G1-RF | – | 16 | 5 |
G1-I5 | 5 | 16 | 5 |
G1-I50 | 50 | 16 | 5 |
G1-I500 | 500 | 16 | 5 |
G1-I1000 | 1000 | 16 | 5 |
Series | Specimen | Current (mA) | Current Density (A/m2) | Solution |
---|---|---|---|---|
G2-RF | G2-RF-NaCl | – | – | NaCl |
G2-RF-Mix | – | – | Mix | |
G2-RF-Ca(OH)2 | – | – | Ca(OH)2 | |
G2-i0.2 | G2-i0.2-NaCl | 0.5 | 0.2 | NaCl |
G2-i0.2-Mix | 0.5 | 0.2 | Mix | |
G2-i0.2-Ca(OH)2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | Ca(OH)2 | |
G2-i2 | G2-i2-NaCl | 5 | 2.0 | NaCl |
G2-i2-Mix | 5 | 2.0 | Mix | |
G2-i2-Ca(OH)2 | 5 | 2.0 | Ca(OH)2 | |
G2-i20 | G2-i20-NaCl | 50 | 20.0 | NaCl |
G2-i20-Mix | 50 | 20.0 | Mix | |
G2-i20-Ca(OH)2 | 50 | 20.0 | Ca(OH)2 | |
G2-i40 | G2-i40-NaCl | 100 | 40.0 | NaCl |
G2-i40-Mix | 100 | 40.0 | Mix | |
G2-i40-Ca(OH)2 | 100 | 40.0 | Ca(OH)2 |
Ingredient Name | Concentration (%) | Ingredient Name | Concentration (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Polyoxypropylenediamine | 30–50 | Aminoethylpiperazine | 0–10 |
Formaldehyde, polymer with benzenamine, hydrogenated | 10–20 | 1,3-Propandiamine, N,N'-1,2-ethandiylbis- | 0–10 |
Cyclohexanediamine, 1,2- | 10–20 | Benzene-1,3-dimethanamine | 0–10 |
2.2. Impressed Current Tests
2.3. Tensile Test
3. Test Results
3.1. Experimental Observations
3.2. Electrical Performance
3.3. Mechanical Properties
Series | Test Results | Comparison | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
fu (MPa) | E0 (GPa) | fu/fu,RF | E0/E0,RF | |
G1-RF | 770.4 | 75.29 | – | – |
G1-I5 | 824.6 | 78.27 | 1.07 | 1.04 |
G1-I50 | 822.2 | 79.26 | 1.07 | 1.05 |
G1-I500 | 818.1 | 75.39 | 1.06 | 1.00 |
G1-I1000 | 863.8 | 75.78 | 1.12 | 1.01 |
Specimen | Test Results | Comparison | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
fu (MPa) | E0 (GPa) | fu/fu,RF-NaCl | E0/E0,RF-NaCl | |
G2-RF-NaCl | 824.0 | 76.24 | – | – |
G2-i0.2-NaCl | 877.0 | 73.93 | 1.06 | 0.97 |
G2-i2-NaCl | 861.2 | 73.78 | 1.05 | 0.97 |
Specimen | Test Results | Comparison | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
fu (MPa) | E0 (GPa) | fu/fu,RF-Mix | E0/E0,RF-Mix | |
G2-RF-Mix | 843.8 | 77.42 | – | – |
G2-i0.2-Mix | 804.9 | 73.18 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
G2-i2-Mix | 754.3 | 74.66 | 0.89 | 0.96 |
Specimen | Test Results | Comparison | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
fu (MPa) | E0 (GPa) | fu/fu,RF-Ca(OH)2 | E0/E0,RF-Ca(OH)2 | |
G2-RF-Ca(OH)2 | 790.3 | 73.46 | – | – |
G2-i0.2-Ca(OH)2 | 707.1 | 68.38 | 0.89 | 0.93 |
G2-i2-Ca(OH)2 | 743.4 | 66.38 | 0.94 | 0.90 |
4. Discussion of Service Life
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Stable electrical and mechanical behaviors were observed in the experiments operated with only direct current.
- (2)
- Tests were also carried out in simulated ICCP systems with various solutions. No significant degradation in both electrical and mechanical performances was found for CFRP strips operated with current densities of 0.2 and 2 A/m2.
- (3)
- It is demonstrated that the CFRP plate can serve as the anode material in the ICCP system. The minimum predicted service life is 12 years, even with the maximum acceptable protection current density and reinforcement ratio. It should be noted that the prediction is conservative.
Notation
Aa | Anodic surface area of CFRP |
Ac | Cross-sectional area of the concrete element |
Asteel | Surface area of each steel rebar in the concrete element |
E | Steel potential measured against CSE |
E0 | Elastic modulus for CFRP strips |
E0,RF, E0,RF-NaCl, E0,RF-Mix, E0,RF-Ca(OH)2 | Elastic modulus for G1RF, G2RF-NaCl, G2RF-Mix, G2RF-Ca(OH)2, respectively |
fu | Ultimate tensile strength of CFRP strips |
fu,RF, fu,RF-NaCl, fu,RF-Mix, fu,RF-Ca(OH)2 | Ultimate tensile strength for G1RF, G2RF-NaCl, G2RF-Mix, G2RF-Ca(OH)2, respectively |
I | Current |
i | Current density |
ip | Protection current density |
n | Number of steel rebars in the concrete element |
Qanode | Anode’s capacity to transfer charge |
Qcathode | Total charge quantity passed the cathode during cathodic protection |
QCFRP | CFRP plate’s capacity to transfer charge |
Qsteel | Total charge quantity passed the steel in the concrete element during cathodic protection |
R | Resistance |
t | Time |
tg | Duration of impressed current |
tlife | Predicted service life of the ICCP system by QCFRP |
U | Voltage |
ρ | Reinforcement ratio |
σ | Tensile stress |
ε | Tensile strain |
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhu, J.-H.; Zhu, M.; Han, N.; Liu, W.; Xing, F. Electrical and Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Used as the Impressed Current Anode Material. Materials 2014, 7, 5438-5453. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085438
Zhu J-H, Zhu M, Han N, Liu W, Xing F. Electrical and Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Used as the Impressed Current Anode Material. Materials. 2014; 7(8):5438-5453. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085438
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Ji-Hua, Miaochang Zhu, Ningxu Han, Wei Liu, and Feng Xing. 2014. "Electrical and Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Used as the Impressed Current Anode Material" Materials 7, no. 8: 5438-5453. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085438