Development of Rubber Packing Element for 105 MPa/215 °C Deep-Well Test Packer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mathematical Model of the Packer’s Packing Elements
2.1. Mechanical Analysis of Rubber Packing Elements in Free Deformation Stage
- —radial displacement of rubber packing element compression;
- —the inner radius of the packing element;
- —the outer radius of the packing element;
- —the inner diameter of the casing;
- —the distance from any point in the rubber packing element to its axis.
- —modulus of elasticity;
- —Poisson’s ratio.
2.2. Mechanical Analysis of Rubber Packing Elements at the Sealing Check Stage
- —volume deformation coefficient of the packer’s packing element;
- —effective area of the support ring;
- —length of the rubber packing element.
3. Structural Design of Packer Rubber Packing Elements
3.1. Finite Element Model of Packer Rubber Packing Elements
3.2. Effect of End-Guard Ring on Contact Stress of Rubber Packing Elements
3.3. Effect of Inclusion Angle of Rubber Packing Element End Face
3.4. Effect of Hardness and Length of Rubber Packing Elements
4. Formula Design of Rubber Packing Element Material
4.1. Selection of Basic Materials for Rubber Packing Elements
- (1)
- Fluoroelastomer
- (2)
- Carbon black
- (3)
- Filler
- (4)
- Stabilizer
- (5)
- Processing co-agent
- (6)
- Vulcanizing agent
- (7)
- Vulcanization accelerator
4.2. Rubber Packing Element Formula Experiment
5. Indoor Simulation Experiment
5.1. Introduction of Experimental Device and Principle
5.2. Structure and Physical Parameters of Packer Rubber Packing Elements
5.3. Experimental Process
5.4. Experiment Summary
- (1)
- According to the relational diagram of the minimum setting-down force and sealing check pressure obtained from the calculation results of the mathematical model in Section 2, it can be seen that when the sealing check pressure reached 110 MPa, the required minimum setting-down force was 191,934 N. In order to prevent leakage, during the experiment, the setting-down force was selected as 200,000 N.
- (2)
- In the third section, the equivalent stress distribution of the rubber cylinder was uniform when simulating the actual sealing pressure of 106 MPa, and there was no local abnormal stress concentration.
- (3)
- The experimental results showed that the pressure drop was 0 MPa at an average sealing check pressure of 105 MPa and the system temperature was 215 °C for 62 h. In addition, the elements were still tightly set on the casing after the experiment, without obvious cracking, shedding or damage, showing that the elements passed the experiment and, thus, that they can undergo the setting-down process and will function in normal applications.
6. Conclusions
- It could be determined through mechanical analysis that the minimum setting-down force was proportional to the gap between the surface of the sealing element and the casing wall before deformation, and, in general, the larger the gap between the surface of the sealing element and the casing wall, the greater the minimum required setting-down force. Under the same conditions, the greater the hardness of the material, the greater the axial load required to bear the same pressure difference.
- It could be determined through numerical simulation that the rubber packing elements with guard rings at the end can provide better annular sealing. The inclusion angle of the end face of the rubber packing element should be set near 40°. The sealing effect is improved when the length of the rubber packing element is between 60 and 80 mm. The hardness should be greater than or equal to 90 HA.
- A set of high-temperature- and high-pressure-resistant rubber material formulae was designed to meet actual working needs, and the rubber packing elements were made according to the structural analysis results.
- The sealing ability and temperature resistance of the test packer’s rubber packing elements were 105 MPa/215 °C, and the reliability of the well-bore sealing was verified by indoor simulation experiment, providing an important guarantee in terms of the smooth implementation of the test and the adequate completion of operations in deep wells at high temperature and high pressure.
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Geometric Parameters | Mechanical Parameters | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inner Diameter (mm) | Outside Diameter (mm) | Height (mm) | Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) | Poisson’s Ratio | |
Central tube | 65 | 103 | 206,000 | 0.25 | |
Casing | 152 | 170.3 | 206,000 | 0.25 | |
Support ring | 103 | 146 | 15 | 206,000 | 0.25 |
Middle packing element | 103 | 146 | 83 | 18.4 | 0.49 |
End packing element | 103 | 146 | 66 | 18.4 | 0.49 |
Formula Purpose | 215 °C/105 MPa End Packer’s Packing Element | 215 °C/105 MPa Middle Packer’s Packing Element |
---|---|---|
Hardness, Shore A | 95 | 86 |
Tensile strength, MPa | 15.15 | 13.2 |
Elongation at break,% | 130 | 201 |
10% modulus, MPa | 4.4 | 2.1 |
Compression set (15%, 200 °C × 72 h), % | 30 | 27 |
Description | Dimensional Parameters | Characteristic |
---|---|---|
Outside diameter (mm) | 146 | |
Inner diameter (mm) | 103 | 1. Three rubber packing elements were combined together to provide sealing. 2. A spring strengthening structure was added to the end rubber packing elements. |
Height (mm) | 70 +60 +70(Total length 200 mm) | |
Hardness | 95° + 86° + 95° | |
Strength of rubber packing element material | See Table 2 |
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Chen, Y.; Liu, X.; Li, C. Development of Rubber Packing Element for 105 MPa/215 °C Deep-Well Test Packer. Materials 2022, 15, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062024
Chen Y, Liu X, Li C. Development of Rubber Packing Element for 105 MPa/215 °C Deep-Well Test Packer. Materials. 2022; 15(6):2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062024
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yong, Xin Liu, and Chen Li. 2022. "Development of Rubber Packing Element for 105 MPa/215 °C Deep-Well Test Packer" Materials 15, no. 6: 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062024