Effect of Rejuvenators on the Workability and Performances of Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials Preparation
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Preparation of Recycled Asphalt Binders
2.3. Mix Design of Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures
3. Evaluation Methods
3.1. Workability Evaluation Methods
3.1.1. Measurements of Mixing Torque
3.1.2. Determination of Air Void Content
- The RAP, virgin aggregates and virgin asphalt were heated at 140 °C, 180 °C and 170 °C for 2 h, respectively. The CR was heated to 110 °C, while the CR was used at room temperature without heating;
- The RAP was premixed with rejuvenator in a laboratory mixer (model F-20, Changji, Shanghai, China). The virgin aggregates, virgin asphalt and powder were successively added into the mixer for mixing. Each mixing duration was 60 s;
- After mixing, the loose reclaimed mixtures were subjected to heat preservation in an oven. The preserved temperature was 160 °C and preserved time was 1 h;
- Marshall specimens were prepared with 75 blows per side following the Chinese specification JTG-E20 T0702. Lastly, surface-dry method was used to measure the air void content.
3.2. Performances Evaluation Methods
3.2.1. Three Indexes Tests
3.2.2. Rutting Test
3.2.3. Freeze-Thaw Splitting Tests
4. Results and Discussions
4.1. Effect of Rejuvenators on the Workability of Reclaimed Mixtures
4.1.1. Mixing Torque
4.1.2. Air Void Content
4.2. Effect of Rejuvenators on the Performances of Reclaimed Mixtures
4.2.1. Three Indexes of Recycled Asphalt Binders
4.2.2. High-Temperature Stability
4.2.3. Moisture Susceptibility
5. Conclusions
- i.
- The emulsified rejuvenator can be used without heating in engineering practice owing to its low viscosity, while the ordinary rejuvenator has to be heated.
- ii.
- The addition of RAP into asphalt mixtures has an adverse effect on the workability. Compared to using an ordinary rejuvenator, reclaimed mixtures prepared using the emulsified rejuvenator exhibit lower torques and air void contents. This can be attributed to that using oil-water emulsified medium shows better lubricating effect during the mixing and compaction process.
- iii.
- Reclaimed mixtures with the emulsified rejuvenator show similar moisture susceptibility to that with the ordinary rejuvenator. At least 20% higher high-temperature stability is obtained for reclaimed mixtures by using the emulsified rejuvenator than an ordinary rejuvenator. This can be attributed to better workability when using the emulsified rejuvenator, which results in lower air voids content in the reclaimed mixtures.
- iv.
- The emulsified rejuvenator improves the workability and high-temperature stability of reclaimed mixtures, while not affecting the moisture susceptibility of mixtures. Therefore, rejuvenators are recommended to be emulsified for use in practice.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Test Results | Requirements (RA-25) | Specification Method |
---|---|---|---|
Viscosity, mm2/s (60 °C) | 2080 | 901~4500 | ASTM D2171 |
Flash point, °C | 240 | >219 | ASTM D92 |
Saturates, % (wt) | 22.3 | <30 | ASTM D2007 |
Wt change, % (After TFOT, 163 °C) | 0.5 | <3 | ASTM D1754 |
Specific gravity | 0.99 | Report | ASTM D70 |
Properties | Emulsifier A | Emulsifier B |
---|---|---|
Appearance | viscous liquid | yellow liquid |
Electric charge | + | + |
Blend stability | quick-set | quick-set |
PH of aqueous solution | 10 | 11.3 |
Amine value (mg/g) | - | 360–410 |
RAP Size (mm) | Passing Percentage of Different Sieve Size/% | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 | 13.2 | 9.5 | 4.75 | 2.36 | 1.18 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.075 | |
10~16 | 100 | 89.3 | 32.8 | 10.5 | 9.1 | 7.6 | 6.4 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 3.4 |
5~10 | 100 | 100 | 91.2 | 18.6 | 11.0 | 8.8 | 7.5 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 4.8 |
0~5 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 90.9 | 62.4 | 41.0 | 29.6 | 19.6 | 15.8 | 13.7 |
RAP (%) | Virgin Mineral Materials (%) | AC (%) | Rejuvenator 1 (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10~15 mm | 5~10 mm | 0~3 mm | Filler | |||
0 | 39.8 | 31.8 | 12.1 | 10.3 | 6.0 | 0 |
30 | 34.0 | 18.0 | 4.3 | 8.8 | 6.0 | 4/6.67 |
50 | 30.1 | 8.3 | 0 | 7.3 | 6.0 | 4/6.67 |
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Tang, W.; Yu, X.; Li, N.; Dong, F.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, Y. Effect of Rejuvenators on the Workability and Performances of Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures. Materials 2021, 14, 6385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216385
Tang W, Yu X, Li N, Dong F, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Effect of Rejuvenators on the Workability and Performances of Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures. Materials. 2021; 14(21):6385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216385
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Wei, Xin Yu, Ning Li, Fuqiang Dong, Zhongyuan Wang, and Yu Zhang. 2021. "Effect of Rejuvenators on the Workability and Performances of Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures" Materials 14, no. 21: 6385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216385