Towards Understanding the Polymerization Process in Bitumen Bio-Fluxes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Production Procedure
2.3. Analysis Methods
3. Results
3.1. Physicochemical Changes
3.2. Structural Changes and Fractional Composition
3.3. Physical and Viscoelastic Properties of Fluxed Bitumen
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The most characteristic changes in the rapeseed oil methyl ester structure upon catalytic oxidation are the formation of organic peroxides and hydroperoxides (intermediate products) and the loss of the unsaturated bonds in the fatty acid methyl ester.
- The cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of a cobalt catalyst is a more effective promoter of oxidative polymerization.
- The pocess is time-dependent. The hardening of the bio-fluxed binders with time results in oxidative polymerization process of unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester with the formation of oxygen compounds.
- The application of oxidized rapeseed oil methyl esters to bitumen reduces the asphaltene content and stabilizes the colloidal structure of the binder.
- Twenty-eight day oxygen exposure to bio-fluxed bitumen results in approximately 25% recovery of the original binder stiffness.
- The fuxing effect is particularly advantageous in the temperature range of 0 °C to 40 °C, which can potentially increase the fatigue life of the bitumen binder.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Rapeseed Oil Methyl Ester |
---|---|
Density at 25 °C, g/cm3 | 0.8787 |
Flash point, °C | 197 |
Dynamic viscosity at 25 °C, Pa∙s | 0.006 |
Iodine number, g I2/100 g | 116 |
Acid value, mg KOH/g | 0.29 |
Compounds | Version A | Version B |
---|---|---|
Rapeseed methyl esters (RME) | 98.9% | 99.9% |
Cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate catalyst | 0.1% | 0.1% |
Cumene hydroperoxide | 1.0% | - |
Process parameters | ||
Oxidation temperature | 20 °C | 90 °C |
Process duration | 2 h | 1 h |
Properties | Liquid Product of Oxidation | |
---|---|---|
RME + 0.1% Co + 1% Cumene Hydroperoxide (Version A) | RME + 0.1% Co (Version B) | |
Dynamic viscosity at 25 °C, Pa∙s | 0.011 | 0.008 |
Iodine number, g I2/100 g | 82 | 102 |
Acid value, mg KOH/g | 0.68 | 0.67 |
Flash point, °C | 136 | 191 |
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Król, J.B.; Niczke, Ł.; Kowalski, K.J. Towards Understanding the Polymerization Process in Bitumen Bio-Fluxes. Materials 2017, 10, 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10091058
Król JB, Niczke Ł, Kowalski KJ. Towards Understanding the Polymerization Process in Bitumen Bio-Fluxes. Materials. 2017; 10(9):1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10091058
Chicago/Turabian StyleKról, Jan B., Łukasz Niczke, and Karol J. Kowalski. 2017. "Towards Understanding the Polymerization Process in Bitumen Bio-Fluxes" Materials 10, no. 9: 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10091058