Role of Tartaric Acid in Chemical, Mechanical and Self-Healing Behaviors of a Calcium-Aluminate Cement Blend with Fly Ash F under Steam and Alkali Carbonate Environments at 270 °C
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Samples Preparation and Testing
3. Results
3.1. Mechanical Properties
3.2. Crack Sealing, Optical Microscope and µEDX Elemental Imaging
3.3. XRD Study
3.4. DTG Study
3.5. ATR-FTIR Studies
3.6. Microstructural Characterization
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
TA | Tartaric Acid |
CAC | Calcium Aluminate Cement |
FAF | Fly Ash type F |
SMS | Sodium Meta-Silicate |
TSRC | Thermal Shock Resistant Cement |
References
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Component | Calcium Aluminate Cement | Flay Ash class F | Sodium Metasilicate |
---|---|---|---|
Al2O3 | 73.8 | 34.8 | - |
CaO | 26.1 | 2.7 | - |
SiO2 | - | 50.4 | 46.6 |
Fe2O3 | 0.1 | 7.1 | - |
Na2O | - | 0.3 | 50.5 |
K2O | - | 3.1 | - |
TiO2 | - | 1.6 | - |
Sample | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | CaO/Al2O3 | CaO/SiO2 | Al2O3/SiO2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samples from Healed Cracks | ||||||
Control Water | 78 | 11 | 3.9 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 0.14 |
Control Carbonate | 79 | 11 | 5.6 | 0.51 | 0.07 | 0.14 |
TA Water | 69 | 19 | 3.2 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.27 |
TA Carbonate | 81 | 13 | 3.2 | 0.25 | 0.04 | 0.16 |
Core Samples | ||||||
Control Water | 22 | 51 | 19 | 0.37 | 0.86 | 2.3 |
Control Carbonate | 22 | 52 | 20 | 0.38 | 0.91 | 2.4 |
TA Water | 23 | 51 | 19 | 0.37 | 0.83 | 2.2 |
TA Carbonate | 23 | 52 | 18 | 0.35 | 0.78 | 2.3 |
Control | TA-Modified |
---|---|
Core—Water | |
04-011-5220 Dmisteinbergite CaAl2Si2O8; 04-013-3004 Margarite-2M1 CaAl4Si2O10(OH)2; 01-078-0296 Thomsonite-Ca NaCa2Al5Si5O20(H2O)6; 04-012-1749 Analcime Na7.6Al7.6Si16.4O48(H2O)8; 04-014-1755 Tohdite Al5O7.5(H2O)0.5; 00-005-0190 Bohmite Al2(OOH)2; 00-011-0401 Hydroxysodalite Na4Al3Si3O12OH | 04-013-3004 Margarite-2M1 CaAl4Si2O10(OH)2; 01-078-0296 Thomsonite NaCa2Al5Si5O20(H2O)6; 04-011-5220 Dmisteinbergite CaAl2Si2O8; 04-013-2153 Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4)2(OH)4; 01-072-0445 Analcime Na(AlSi2O6)(H2O) |
Crack—Water | |
04-011-5220 Dmisteinbergite CaAl2Si2O8; 01-076-6569 Analcime Na0.9((Al0.9Si2)O6(H2O); 04-013-3004 Margarite-2M1 CaAl4Si2O10(OH)2; 04-014-1755 Tohdite Al5O7.5(H2O)0.5; 00-005-0190 Bohmite Al2(OOH)2 | 00-018-0276 Margarite-2M1 CaAl4Si2O10(OH)2; 01-088-2093 Thomsonite-Ca Na1.26Ca1.74(Si5.26Al4.74O20)(H2O)6; 04-011-6755 Analcime Na8Al8Si16O48(H2O)8; 04-014-1755 Tohdite Al5O7.5(H2O)0.5; 04-011-5220 Dmisteinbergite CaAl2Si2O8; 04-013-2153 Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4)2(OH)4 |
Core—Alkali Carbonate | |
00-018-0276 Margarite-2M1 CaAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2; 04-011-6755 Analcime Na8Al8Si16O48(H2O)8; 01-080-6030 Cancrinite Na7.4Ca0.54(Si6.42Al5.58O24)(CO3)1.47(H2O)2; 04-011-5220 Dmisteinbergite CaSi2Al2O8; 04-013-2153 Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4)2(OH)4; 00-005-0190 Bohmite Al2(OOH)2 | 00-018-0276 Margarite-2M1 CaAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2; 04-011-7963 Analcime-R Na8Al8Si16O48(H2O)8; 01-078-0296 Thomsonite-Ca NaCa2Al5Si5O20(H2O)6; 01-075-8619 Cancrinite Na6.02Ca1.52(Si6Al6O24)(CO3)1.52(H2O)1.56; 04-011-5220 Dmisteinbergite CaSi2Al2O8; 04-013-2153 Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4)2(OH)4; 04-014-1755 Tohdite Al5O7.5(H2O)0.5 |
Crack—Alkali Carbonate | |
04-013-1895 Cancrinite Na6Ca1.5Al6(SiO4)6(CO3)1.5(H2O)1.75 04-011-7963 Analcime-R Na8Al8Si16O48(H2O)8; 04-015-7167 Coesite SiO2; 00-018-0276 Margarite-2M1 CaAl4Si2O10(OH)2; 04-011-5220 Dmisteinbergite CaSi2Al2O8; 00-005-0190 Bohmite Al2(OOH)2 | 01-074-2596 Clinotobermorite Ca5(Si6O16)(OH)2; 04-011-7963 Analcime-R Na8Al8Si16O48(H2O)8; 01-075-8620 Cancrinite Na6.02Ca1.52(Al6Si6O24)(CO3)1.52; 04-011-5220 Dmisteinbergite CaSi2Al2O8; 01-082-2720 Paragonite-2M1 Na4Al12Si12O40(OH)8 |
Specimen | Decomposition Temperature Range, °C | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<200 Ca(Na)-Al-Si-H Clinotobermorite (Zeolites) | 2004400 Zeolites Grossular | 400–550 Bohmite (Zeolites) | >550 Carbonates Mica group | Total | ||||||
crack | core | crack | core | crack | core | crack | core | crack | core | |
Carbonate-Control | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 8.6 | 8.0 |
Carbonate-TA | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 9.4 | 7.1 | 14.1 | 12.8 |
Water-Control | 0.94 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 11.4 | 12.0 |
Water-TA | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 7.3 | 9.9 |
Sample | Point | Al | Ca | K | Na | Si | Possible phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water-Control | 1 | 5.89 | 0.33 | 1.85 | 1.28 | 26.65 | Si-rich gel |
2 | 9.61 | 0.53 | 0.16 | 4.68 | 22.55 | Analcime | |
Carbonate-Control | 3 | 24.86 | 4.11 | 0.23 | 1.3 | 9.12 | Al-rich gel, dmisteinbergite precursor |
Carbonate-TA | 4 | 6.15 | 0.14 | 1.17 | 3.71 | 25.68 | Si-rich gel |
5 | 10.93 | 1.62 | 0.1 | 6.0 | 20.09 | Si-rich gel | |
6 | 13.38 | 3.6 | 0.25 | 4.14 | 17.58 | Si-Al-rich gel | |
7 | 23.23 | 3.13 | 0.78 | 1.19 | 9.51 | Ca(Na)-Al-Si gel | |
8 | 20.75 | 5.97 | 0.21 | 1.58 | 11.16 | Ca(Na)-Al-Si gel | |
9 1 | 10.11 | 1.53 | 0.24 | 14.93 | 7.20 | Carbonated zeolite or cancrinite precursor |
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Pyatina, T.; Sugama, T. Role of Tartaric Acid in Chemical, Mechanical and Self-Healing Behaviors of a Calcium-Aluminate Cement Blend with Fly Ash F under Steam and Alkali Carbonate Environments at 270 °C. Materials 2017, 10, 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10040342
Pyatina T, Sugama T. Role of Tartaric Acid in Chemical, Mechanical and Self-Healing Behaviors of a Calcium-Aluminate Cement Blend with Fly Ash F under Steam and Alkali Carbonate Environments at 270 °C. Materials. 2017; 10(4):342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10040342
Chicago/Turabian StylePyatina, Tatiana, and Toshifumi Sugama. 2017. "Role of Tartaric Acid in Chemical, Mechanical and Self-Healing Behaviors of a Calcium-Aluminate Cement Blend with Fly Ash F under Steam and Alkali Carbonate Environments at 270 °C" Materials 10, no. 4: 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10040342