The Role of Technical Innovation and Sustainability on Energy Consumption: A Case Study on the Taiwanese Automobile Industry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. What Is Global Warming?
2.2. Causes of Global Warming
2.3. What Are Greenhouse Gases?
2.4. Technical Innovations
2.4.1. Turbocharger
2.4.2. Hybrid Vehicles
2.5. Sustainable Development
3. Research Method
4. Voluntary Carbon Dioxide Reduction Agreement (Taiwanese Environmental Protection Administration)
5. Comparison of Engine Performance in the Taiwanese Automobile Market
5.1. Ford EcoBoost Engine
Brand | Model | Displacement (cc) | Maximum HP/RPM (hp/rpm) | Maximum Torque/RPM (kg.m/rpm) | HP/displacement(hp/cc) | Torque/displacement (kg.m/cc) | Data source | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ford | Mondeo EcoBoost | 1999 | 240 | 6000 | 34.7 | 3500 | 0.12 | 0.017 | [34] |
Kuga EcoBoost | 1998 | 242 | 5500 | 35.7 | 3000 | 0.12 | 0.018 | ||
Toyota | Camry | 1998 | 148 | 6000 | 19.4 | 4100 | 0.07 | 0.010 | [35] |
Camry | 2494 | 181 | 6000 | 23.6 | 4100 | 0.07 | 0.009 | ||
Nissan | Teana | 1997 | 134 | 5600 | 19.4 | 4400 | 0.07 | 0.010 | [36] |
Teana | 2496 | 180 | 6000 | 23.2 | 4500 | 0.07 | 0.009 | ||
Mitsubishi | Outlander | 2359 | 172 | 6000 | 24.0 | 3900 | 0.07 | 0.010 | [37] |
Zinger | 2378 | 159 | 6200 | 22.6 | 4300 | 0.07 | 0.010 | ||
Honda | Accord | 2356 | 180 | 6400 | 25.0 | 3500 | 0.08 | 0.011 | [38] |
CRV | 1997 | 155 | 6500 | 19.4 | 3500 | 0.08 | 0.010 |
5.2. Toyota Hybrid
Displacement (cc) | Range Level (Fuel consumption: km/L) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 5 | Level 4 | Level 3 | Level 2 | Level 1 | |
≤1200 | ≤16.1 | 16.2–18.1 | 18.2–20.1 | 20.2–22 | ≥22.1 |
1200~1800 | ≤12.9 | 13.0–14.6 | 14.7–16.1 | 16.2–17.7 | ≥17.8 |
1800~2400 | ≤11.3 | 11.4–12.8 | 12.9–14.1 | 14.2–15.5 | ≥15.6 |
2400~3000 | ≤9.9 | 10.0–11.2 | 11.3–12.4 | 12.5–13.6 | ≥13.7 |
3000~3600 | ≤9.1 | 9.2–10.3 | 10.4– 11.4 | 11.5–12.5 | ≥12.6 |
3600~4200 | ≤8.4 | 8.5–9.5 | 9.6–10.5 | 10.6–11.6 | ≥11.7 |
4200~5400 | ≤7.6 | 7.7–8.1 | 8.2–8.9 | 9.0–9.8 | ≥9.9 |
>5400 | ≤6.9 | 7.0–7.3 | 7.4–8.1 | 8.2–8.8 | ≥8.9 |
6. Conclusions and Recommendation
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chou, C.-W.; Liao, W.-C.; Wu, S.; Wee, H.-M. The Role of Technical Innovation and Sustainability on Energy Consumption: A Case Study on the Taiwanese Automobile Industry. Energies 2015, 8, 6627-6640. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8076627
Chou C-W, Liao W-C, Wu S, Wee H-M. The Role of Technical Innovation and Sustainability on Energy Consumption: A Case Study on the Taiwanese Automobile Industry. Energies. 2015; 8(7):6627-6640. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8076627
Chicago/Turabian StyleChou, Chao-Wu, Wen-Chih Liao, Simon Wu, and Hui-Ming Wee. 2015. "The Role of Technical Innovation and Sustainability on Energy Consumption: A Case Study on the Taiwanese Automobile Industry" Energies 8, no. 7: 6627-6640. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8076627