The Marsili Volcanic Seamount (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea): A Potential Offshore Geothermal Resource
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Geothermal Potential of Southern Tyrrhenian Basin and Marsili Seamount
- A lithosphere mean conductivity beneath Marsili basin about one order of magnitude greater than beneath Ustica island (South-western Tyrrhenian basin) [29].
- Southern Tyrrhenian basin is affected by numerous and distributed heat sources, generally represented by hot magmatic bodies at shallow depths (<10 km) in a strong extensional geodynamic setting;
- A virtually infinite fluid recharge is available, supplied by pressurised seawater;
- A relatively low amount of dissolved salts with mild acidity is expected;
- A low explosivity due to the presence of lesser involved magmas with a lower amount of dissolved water is expected.
2.2. Morphology
2.3. Magnetic Data
2.4. Gravity Data
2.5. Seismological Recordings
2.6. Hydrothermal Fluids
ID Sample | Depth | Date | Latitude | Longitude | H2 | O2 | N2 | CH4 | CO2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marsili | |||||||||
M1 | 676 | 13 July 2011 | 39°16.840' | 14°23.220' | 3.7 × 10−4 | 3.50 | 9.25 | 9.5 × 10−5 | 0.77 |
M1 | 500 | 13 July 2011 | 39°16.840' | 14°23.220' | 3.1 × 10−3 | 3.60 | 10.04 | 5.2 × 10−5 | 1.07 |
M1 | 400 | 13 July 2011 | 39°16.840' | 14°23.220' | 1.2 × 10−3 | 4.03 | 12.92 | 1.3 × 10−4 | 0.60 |
M1 | 300 | 13 July 2011 | 39°16.840' | 14°23.220' | - | 2.99 | 9.61 | 1.5 × 10−4 | 0.63 |
M2 | 668 | 13 July 2011 | 39°17.159' | 14°23.410' | - | 3.23 | 9.10 | 3.9 × 10−5 | 0.53 |
M2 | 500 | 13 July 2011 | 39°17.159' | 14°23.410' | 2.0 × 10−3 | 3.42 | 10.21 | 1.3 × 10−4 | 1.26 |
M2 | 400 | 13 July 2011 | 39°17.159' | 14°23.410' | - | 2.78 | 9.01 | 2.1 × 10−4 | 1.89 |
M2 | 300 | 13 July 2011 | 39°17.159' | 14°23.410' | - | 3.28 | 9.35 | 1.1 × 10−4 | 1.72 |
M3 | 610 | 13 July 2011 | 39°16.799' | 14°23.999' | 2.5 × 10−4 | 3.12 | 9.16 | 5.8 × 10−5 | 2.71 |
M3 | 500 | 13 July 2011 | 39°16.799' | 14°23.999' | 1.3 × 10−4 | 2.74 | 8.29 | 1.0 × 10−4 | 0.57 |
M3 | 400 | 13 July 2011 | 39°16.799' | 14°23.999' | - | 3.34 | 9.61 | 1.1 × 10−4 | 1.72 |
M4 | 673 | 13 July 2011 | 39°16.342' | 14°23.196' | 4.8 × 10−4 | 2.97 | 10.15 | 9.7 × 10−5 | 1.29 |
M4 | 500 | 13 July 2011 | 39°16.342' | 14°23.196' | 2.9 × 10−4 | 3.31 | 9.89 | 9.4 × 10−5 | 0.80 |
M4 | 400 | 13 July 2011 | 39°16.342' | 14°23.196' | 1.1 × 10−3 | 3.46 | 10.39 | 8.4 × 10−5 | 0.98 |
Tow-yow Marsili | |||||||||
TY1 | 500 | 02 November 2007 | 39.28163° | 14.38428° | bdl | 2.42 | 7.77 | 2.1 × 10−4 | 0.47 |
TY2 | 702 | 02 November 2007 | 39.28165° | 14.38447° | bdl | 2.98 | 8.80 | 3.3 × 10−4 | 0.45 |
TY3 | 457 | 02 November 2007 | 39.28763° | 14.42715° | bdl | 3.26 | 9.16 | 2.2 × 10−4 | 0.44 |
Data for comparison | |||||||||
Vertical cast | 3164 | 02 November 2007 | 39.40733° | 14.51067° | bdl | 2.47 | 8.42 | 4.4 × 10−5 | 0.55 |
400 | 02 November 2007 | 39.11475° | 14.32298° | bdl | 2.45 | 7.58 | 2.1 × 10−4 | 0.43 | |
ASSW | - | - | - | - | 4.1 × 10−5 | 4.80 | 9.60 | 1.0 × 10−6 | 0.24 |
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Marsili has a shallow and strong heat source;
- (2)
- An active geothermal fluid circulation is expected as suggested by the first permeability field evaluations;
- (3)
- (4)
- The presence of solid deposits of hydrothermal origin indicates that geothermal fluids permeate the edifice and are vented into the seawater. The evidence that hydrothermal fluids as well as magmatic-type helium are injected in the deep sea waters indicates that the hydrothermal activity is still ongoing.
- The location of active venting sites and hydrothermal fluid release by direct (by ROVs) explorations and detailed CTD and nephelometry surveys;
- The distribution of the parameters that determine the permeability field of the volcano by geophysical tomographic methods;
- The characterization of volcanic-type ongoing processes, using seafloor observatories planned to carry out long-term monitoring of temporal variation of both physical and chemical parameters;
- The assessment of all the environmental aspects related to geothermal exploitation activities including studies to forecast and to face the impact of the human activities on the natural deep sea environment;
- An estimation of the thermal energy budget based on the hydrothermal fluids enthalpy and flow rate evaluations.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Italiano, F.; De Santis, A.; Favali, P.; Rainone, M.L.; Rusi, S.; Signanini, P. The Marsili Volcanic Seamount (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea): A Potential Offshore Geothermal Resource. Energies 2014, 7, 4068-4086. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074068
Italiano F, De Santis A, Favali P, Rainone ML, Rusi S, Signanini P. The Marsili Volcanic Seamount (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea): A Potential Offshore Geothermal Resource. Energies. 2014; 7(7):4068-4086. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074068
Chicago/Turabian StyleItaliano, Francesco, Angelo De Santis, Paolo Favali, Mario Luigi Rainone, Sergio Rusi, and Patrizio Signanini. 2014. "The Marsili Volcanic Seamount (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea): A Potential Offshore Geothermal Resource" Energies 7, no. 7: 4068-4086. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074068