Optimization of Ethanol Production from NaOH-Pretreated Solid State Fermented Sweet Sorghum Bagasse
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Determination of the Optimum Fermentation Duration
2.2. Box-Behnken Designs for Optimization of SSCF of SS
No. | Process parameters | Ethanol yield (g/kg of SS) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
z1 | z2 | z3 | z4 | Experiment a | Predicted | |
Cellulase loading (g/g-glucan) | Xylanase loading (g/g-xylan) | Liquid to solid ratio | Prehydrolysis duration (h) | |||
1 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 33.40 ± 2.05 | 27.24 |
2 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 149.75 ± 1.88 | 146.60 |
3 | −1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 55.41 ± 2.02 | 56.25 |
4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 147.40 ± 1.56 | 151.26 |
5 | 0 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 115.64 ± 2.75 | 119.51 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 114.35 ± 2.21 | 115.48 |
7 | 0 | 0 | −1 | 1 | 140.05 ± 0.97 | 136.61 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 158.49 ± 2.41 | 152.31 |
9 | −1 | 0 | 0 | −1 | 27.63 ± 2.85 | 21.66 |
10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | −1 | 128.52 ± 2.86 | 122.34 |
11 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 37.11 ± 1.19 | 42.12 |
12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 151.00 ± 2.02 | 155.81 |
13 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 113.98 ± 1.74 | 124.84 |
14 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 150.39 ± 2.35 | 151.00 |
15 | 0 | −1 | 1 | 0 | 141.78 ± 1.88 | 140.01 |
16 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 159.53 ± 1.56 | 147.51 |
17 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 37.30 ± 0.93 | 32.77 |
18 | 1 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 149.43 ± 2.09 | 142.08 |
19 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 29.92 ± 1.53 | 40.74 |
20 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 137.78 ± 1.96 | 145.79 |
21 | 0 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 110.86 ± 1.25 | 112.82 |
22 | 0 | 1 | 0 | −1 | 126.96 ± 1.51 | 132.16 |
23 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 144.02 ± 1.65 | 142.30 |
24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 155.09 ± 3.01 | 156.61 |
25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 152.76 ± 2.81 | 146.93 |
26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155.56 ± 2.54 | 146.93 |
27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 126.38 ± 1.01 | 146.93 |
28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 150.72 ± 1.36 | 146.93 |
29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 149.25 ± 1.96 | 146.93 |
Source | Coefficient a | Sum of squares | D b | Mean square | F-value | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANOVA for the fitted quadratic model of ethanol theoretical yield | ||||||
Model | - | 55,539.74 | 14 | 3967.12 | 40.83 | <0.0001 |
Intercept | 146.93 | - | - | - | - | - |
Cellulase loading (z1) | 53.59 | 34,466.38 | 1 | 34,466.38 | 354.71 | <0.0001 |
Xylanase loading (z2) | 8.42 | 849.91 | 1 | 849.91 | 8.75 | 0.0104 |
Liquid to solid ratio (z3) | 2.92 | 102.38 | 1 | 102.38 | 1.05 | 0.3221 |
Prehydrolysis duration (z4) | 13.48 | 2181.47 | 1 | 2181.47 | 22.45 | 0.0003 |
z1 × z2 | −6.09 | 148.29 | 1 | 148.29 | 1.53 | 0.2370 |
z1 × z3 | −1.07 | 4.55 | 1 | 4.55 | 0.047 | 0.8319 |
z1 × z4 | 3.25 | 42.31 | 1 | 42.31 | 0.44 | 0.5201 |
z2 × z3 | −4.67 | 87.07 | 1 | 87.07 | 0.90 | 0.3599 |
z2 × z4 | −1.26 | 6.32 | 1 | 6.32 | 0.065 | 0.8025 |
z3 × z4 | 4.93 | 97.31 | 1 | 97.31 | 1.00 | 0.3339 |
z12 | −51.04 | 16,900.58 | 1 | 16,900.58 | 173.93 | <0.0001 |
z22 | −0.55 | 1.97 | 1 | 1.97 | 0.020 | 0.8888 |
z32 | −5.54 | 199.39 | 1 | 199.39 | 2.05 | 0.1740 |
z42 | −0.41 | 702.95 | 1 | 702.95 | 7.23 | 0.0176 |
Lack of fit | - | 809.71 | 10 | 80.97 | 0.59 | 0.7741 |
ANOVA for the simplified mode of ethanol theoretical yield | ||||||
Model | - | 54,850.46 | 5 | 10,970.09 | 123.10 | <0.0001 |
Intercept | 56.05 | - | - | - | - | - |
Cellulase loading (z1) | 20.72 | 34,466.38 | 1 | 34,466.38 | 386.77 | <0.0001 |
Xylanase loading (z2) | 3.18 | 849.91 | 1 | 849.91 | 9.54 | 0.0052 |
Prehydrolysis duration (z4) | 5.27 | 2181.47 | 1 | 2181.47 | 24.48 | <0.0001 |
z12 | −19.54 | 17,306.33 | 1 | 17,306.33 | 194.21 | <0.0001 |
z42 | −3.52 | 615.12 | 1 | 615.12 | 6.90 | 0.0151 |
Lack of fit | - | 1498.98 | 19 | 78.89 | 0.57 | 0.8182 |
2.3. Effect of Cellulase and Xylanase Loading, Pre-Hydrolysis Duration and Liquid to Solid Ratio on Ethanol Yield
2.4. Validation of the Model
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Solid State Fermented Sweet Sorghum Bagasse (SS)
3.2. NaOH Pretreatment
3.3. Microbes and Media
3.4. Fermentation Experiment
3.5. Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-Fermentation (SSCF)
3.6. Analytical Methods
3.6.1. Enzyme Assay
3.6.2. Monomeric Sugars and Ethanol
3.6.3. Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yu, M.; Li, J.; Chang, S.; Du, R.; Li, S.; Zhang, L.; Fan, G.; Yan, Z.; Cui, T.; Cong, G.; et al. Optimization of Ethanol Production from NaOH-Pretreated Solid State Fermented Sweet Sorghum Bagasse. Energies 2014, 7, 4054-4067. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074054
Yu M, Li J, Chang S, Du R, Li S, Zhang L, Fan G, Yan Z, Cui T, Cong G, et al. Optimization of Ethanol Production from NaOH-Pretreated Solid State Fermented Sweet Sorghum Bagasse. Energies. 2014; 7(7):4054-4067. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074054
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Menghui, Jihong Li, Sandra Chang, Ran Du, Shizhong Li, Lei Zhang, Guifang Fan, Zhipei Yan, Ting Cui, Guangtao Cong, and et al. 2014. "Optimization of Ethanol Production from NaOH-Pretreated Solid State Fermented Sweet Sorghum Bagasse" Energies 7, no. 7: 4054-4067. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074054