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Energies 2014, 7(2), 988-1002; doi:10.3390/en7020988
Article

Multi-Objective Structural Optimization Design of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Blades Using the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II and Finite Element Method

1,2,* email, 1,2,3email, 1,2email and 1,2email
Received: 26 December 2013; in revised form: 30 January 2014 / Accepted: 10 February 2014 / Published: 24 February 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind Turbines 2014)
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract: A multi-objective optimization method for the structural design of horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) blades is presented. The main goal is to minimize the weight and cost of the blade which uses glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) coupled with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials. The number and the location of layers in the spar cap, the width of the spar cap and the position of the shear webs are employed as the design variables, while the strain limit, blade/tower clearance limit and vibration limit are taken into account as the constraint conditions. The optimization of the design of a commercial 1.5 MW HAWT blade is carried out by combining FEM analysis and a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm under ultimate (extreme) flap-wise load and edge-wise load conditions. The best solutions are described and the comparison of the obtained results with the original design is performed to prove the efficiency and applicability of the method.
Keywords: structural optimization design; horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) blades; non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) II; finite element method (FEM); blade weight
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhu, J.; Cai, X.; Pan, P.; Gu, R. Multi-Objective Structural Optimization Design of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Blades Using the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II and Finite Element Method. Energies 2014, 7, 988-1002.

AMA Style

Zhu J, Cai X, Pan P, Gu R. Multi-Objective Structural Optimization Design of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Blades Using the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II and Finite Element Method. Energies. 2014; 7(2):988-1002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhu, Jie; Cai, Xin; Pan, Pan; Gu, Rongrong. 2014. "Multi-Objective Structural Optimization Design of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Blades Using the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II and Finite Element Method." Energies 7, no. 2: 988-1002.

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